scholarly journals How family background shapes the relationship between human capital and fertility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Kramarz ◽  
Olof Rosenqvist ◽  
Oskar Nordström Skans
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMany previous studies have shown that skilled and educated women have fewer children. By comparing twins and close siblings in Swedish register data, we show that the negative association between human capital and fertility mostly reflects family background factors. For males, human capital measures are unrelated to fertility in the overall population, but this again masks the influence of family background factors as high-skilled males tend to have more children than their less-skilled twins or siblings. Hence, family background factors have a strong negative impact on the overall association between human capital measures and fertility for both women and men. Non-cognitive abilities deviate from these patterns—these abilities remain strongly complementary to fertility both within and across families. Our results can be reconciled with a stylized model where family-specific preferences for fertility are shared across generations and shape investments in skills and traits when children are young.

Zur Verzahnung von Familienpolitik und Bildungspolitik: eine wirtschaftspolitische Einordnung

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hüther ◽  
Hans-Peter Klös ◽  
Susanne Seyda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article addresses the relationship between two policies that are to ensure wealth and economic growth: family policy and educational policy. Current demographic changes in Germany are widely expected to have a negative impact on economic growth. One way to tackle this problem is to devise a family policy that takes into account current demographic developments and encourages young people to set up a family of their own. A second major determinant of future wealth is the formation of human capital. This article analyzes measures relating to both family policy and human capital formation. Particular attention is devoted to links and synergetic effects between the two policy variables.

scholarly journals GP.01 The relationship between carotid stenosis, cerebral cortex thickness and cognitive function in community dwelling older individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S8-S8
Author(s):  
S Alhusaini ◽  
S Karama ◽  
JM Star ◽  
ME Bastin ◽  
JM Wardlaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Carotid atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for stroke and has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Methods: We assessed 554 community-dwelling subjects from the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936 (LBC1936) who underwent brain MRI and carotid Doppler ultrasound studies at age 73 years. The relationship between carotid stenosis and cerebral cortical thickness was examined cross-sectionally, controlling for gender, extensive vascular risk factors (VRFs), and IQ at age 11 (IQ-11). The association between carotid stenosis and a composite measure of fluid intelligence was also investigated. Results: A widespread negative association was identified between carotid stenosis and cerebral cortical thickness at age 73 years, independent of the side of carotid stenosis, other carotid measures, VRFs, or IQ-11. This association increased in an almost dose-response relationship from mild to severe degrees of carotid stenosis. A negative association was also noted between carotid stenosis and fluid intelligence, which appeared partly mediated by carotid stenosis-related thinning of the cerebral cortex. Conclusions: Carotid stenosis is associated with thinner cerebral cortex and lower fluid cognitive abilities at age 73. The findings suggest that carotid stenosis represents a marker of vascular processes that accelerate cortical aging with a negative impact on cognition, independent of measurable VRFs.

scholarly journals Surviving through Incubation Based on Entrepreneurship-Specific Human Capital Development: The Moderating Role of Tenants’ Network Involvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2866
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Ping Gao ◽  
Yongtao Zhou ◽  
Yuchuan Zhang ◽  
Junhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Specific Human Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Drawing upon human capital theory and the co-production view of business support processes, this paper investigates the moderating effects of network involvement on entrepreneurship-specific human capital (ESHC) that determines the tenants’ survival in an incubator. Longitudinal data between 2006 and 2009 of 71 ventures located in an incubator in China have been collected and analyzed. The research confirms that network involvement strengthens the influence of entrepreneurial experience on tenants’ successful graduation, but does not impact the relationship between entrepreneurial family background and tenants’ graduation.

scholarly journals Young Italian NEETs (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) and the Influence of Their Family Background

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Alfieri ◽  
Emiliano Sironi ◽  
Elena Marta ◽  
Alessandro Rosina ◽  
Daniela Marzana
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Family Variables ◽  
The Relationship

This work investigates the relationship between family variables (parents’ educational level, relationship quality, intrusiveness, support, and autonomy) and young Italians’ status as NEETs (Not in Employment, Education, or Training). We used data from a representative sample of 9,087 young Italians. Each participant filled out an anonymous online questionnaire that contained several scales to measure the variables mentioned above. The results reveal that parents’ educational level and support have a protective effect on the risk of becoming a NEET for both genders. Autonomy has a specific negative impact for males while intrusiveness has a positive impact mainly for females.

scholarly journals Need for Cognition: the comparative analysis of different researches and psycho-diagnostic approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
E.A. Shepeleva ◽  
E.A. Valueva ◽  
E.M. Lapteva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Online Version ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes national and foreign approaches to study and diagnostics of need for cognition. It discusses the results of researches demonstrating the relevance of diagnostics of students’ needs for cognition in order to predict their academic achievements at school. The article also analyzes the relationship between the students’ needs for cognition with their cognitive abilities. It gives consideration to the research perspectives of the need for cognition as depending on the specificity of child’s individual family background. The article specifies results of primary testing the online version of the scale of needs for cognition (Cacioppo et al. (2013) carried out in Russia and examines the psychometric properties of its original online version with the existing blank version of this tool. The annex contains the Russian translation of Cacioppo’s scale made by the author of the article.

The impact of corporate governance on intellectual capitals efficiency in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Lari Dashtbayaz ◽  
Mahdi Salehi ◽  
Alieyh Mirzaei ◽  
Hamideh Nazaridavaji
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Expertise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of corporate governance on intellectual capital (IC) in companies listed on the Tehran stock exchange. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the board features (size, independence and CEO duality) and the characteristics of the audit committee (financial expertise, independence and size) are considered to measure the factors of corporate governance. The IC is also divided into communicative, human, structural and value-added IC. Research data are gathered using a sample of 132 companies during 2013-2016. Research hypotheses are analyzed using panel data and logistic regression models. Findings The findings indicate that while the board’s independence, financial expertise and the size of the audit committee are negatively related to the communicative capital, the relationship between audit committee independence and communicative capital is positive and significant. Further, the authors observe that there is a positive relationship between board independence and human capital, a negative and significant link between audit committee size and human capital. By the way, the results reveal that audit committee independence and audit committee size have, respectively positive and negative impact on structural capital. Originality/value The results of the current study may give more insight into the relationship between corporate governance and managerial capital in developing nations.

Do employees high in general human capital tend to have higher turnover intention? The moderating role of high-performance HR practices and P-O fit

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Human Capital

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how high-performance HR practices and person-organization fit (P-O fit) affect general human capital and turnover intention. The author introduce and test a multilevel model to measure the relationship. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal research study was conducted using survey data collected from 456 engineers and their immediate supervisors in 31 Taiwanese high-technology companies. Findings – The findings show: first, general human capital can positively predict turnover intention. Second, the P-O fit moderates the positive relationship between general human capital and turnover intention since the stronger the P-O fit, the weaker this relationship. Third, the P-O fit can negatively predict turnover intention. Fourth, high-performance HR practices are positively related to general human capital and weaken the relationship between general human capital and turnover intention. Practical implications – Companies should ensure employees are a good match with their organizations to reduce the negative impact of the loss of talented employees on the organization. In addition, organizations should build HR systems that attract and retain outstanding employees. Originality/value – This study integrates a strategic perspective and a person-environment fit perspective to understand the impact of general human capital on individual leaving attitudes. This paper contributes to the literature because, to the author’s knowledge, it is the first study to examine the effects of high-performance HR practices and P-O fit on talented employee retention.

EDUCATION: MONEY ISN'T EVERYTHING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-420
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

The education establishment and its cheerleaders would have us believe that America is not "investing enough in human capital." But while this rhetorical device has punch, it ignores the facts. Education budgets in the U.S. have never been larger, and they surpass those of virtually every other country. The problem is not in the level of investment, but in the return on that investment... See table in the PDF file ...This is the usual result of such studies. According to Eric Hanushek of the University of Rochester, of 65 studies on the relationship of expenditures and achievement, only 20% found a positive impact, while 75% found no impact and 5% found negative impact.

scholarly journals Antécédents familiaux et connaissance de l’anglais chez les francophones du Québec

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Vaillancourt ◽  
Lise Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Probit Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT This paper examines, using the human capital framework, the relationship between family background and the knowledge of English by Quebec francophones. Using the Probit method and 1978 data we find that the level of schooling and the mother tongue of both father and mother, the occupation of the father and his ethnic origin, the sex of the individual and where he was born, all have an impact on the likelihood of knowing English.

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