scholarly journals Comparative analysis of wobble milling, helical milling and conventional drilling of CFRPs

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3913-3930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csongor Pereszlai ◽  
Norbert Geier
Keyword(s):  
Helical Milling ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Drilling Technology ◽  
Circularity Error ◽  
Hole Making ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Geometrical Defects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Drilling

AbstractDue to its excellent specific mechanical properties, carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite is a widely used structural material in the aerospace industry. However, this material is difficult to cut, mainly due to its inhomogeneity and anisotropic features and because of the strong wear effects of its carbon fibres. In the scope of aerospace industrial uses of this material, thousands of holes have to be machined for purposes of assembly. Nevertheless, conventional drilling technology – even if special drilling tools are used – is only moderately able to manufacture good quality holes. Wobble milling is a novel advanced hole-making technology, which has been developed to minimize machining-induced geometrical defects like delamination or uncut fibres. The main objective of the present paper is to compare wobble milling, helical milling and conventional drilling technologies concerning unidirectional CFRPs. In addition, the kinematics of wobble milling technology is discussed in detail. In the scope of this paper, numerous machining experiments were conducted in unidirectional CFRPs: herein the impact of the type of cutting tool and of process parameters on the quality of machined holes are analysed and discussed (diameter of holes, circularity error and characteristics of uncut fibres). During these investigations, experimental data were evaluated with the help of digital image processing (DIP) and with the help of analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. Experimental results show that the amount of uncut fibres can significantly be minimized through the application of wobble milling technology.

Experimental Study of Helical Milling on CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer) for the Hole Making Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erween Abdul Rahim ◽  
Zazuli Mohid ◽  
M.F.M. Jamil ◽  
K.C. Mat ◽  
R. Koyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Tool Design ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Helical Milling ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Milling Operation ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Hole Making ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Generate borehole by helical milling process may be used effectively since accurate location of the hole may be secured by means of the feed screw graduations. Fiber delamination which is the main defect occurred during hole making process on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) were investigate throughout an experimental study. Effects of thrust force (Fz), delamination factor (Fd) and surface roughness are evaluated. Objective of the experiment are to find best cutting parameter and tool design suitable to performed helical milling operation on CFRP. Two types of end mill with 4 flutes were used and results are evaluated. It was found that tool design 2-1 has higher performance on CFRP.

Influence of Ply Stacking Sequences on the Impact Response of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Laminates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Gjerrestad Andersen ◽  
Gbanaibolou Jombo ◽  
Sikiru Oluwarotimi Ismail ◽  
Segun Adeyemi ◽  
Rajini N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Strengthening of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Elements: Synergy of the Fibres and External Sheet

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Gribniak ◽  
Pui-Lam Ng ◽  
Vytautas Tamulenas ◽  
Ieva Misiūnaitė ◽  
Arnoldas Norkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit State ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Concrete Cracking ◽  
Steel Fibres ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
The Impact

In structural rehabilitation and strengthening, the structural members are often required to cope with larger design loading due to the upgrading of building services and design standard, while maintaining the member size to preserve the architectural dimensions and headroom. Moreover, durability enhancement by mitigating or eliminating the reinforcement corrosion problem is often desired. Concrete cracking is a major initiating and accelerating factor of the corrosion of steel reinforcement. The application of fibres is a prominent solution to the cracking problem. Furthermore, the fibres can increase the mechanical resistance of the strengthening systems. This study reveals the synergy effect of the combined application of steel fibres and external carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The investigation encompasses the use of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars, discrete steel fibres, externally bonded and mechanically fastened FRP sheets in different combinations. It is discovered that the steel fibres can help to control concrete cracking and eventually alter the failure mode and enhance the flexural resistance. The FRP reinforcement system, together with the steel fibres, radically resolves the structural safety problem caused by corrosion of the steel bar reinforcement. Finally, the impact of the external sheet on the fire limit state performance needs to be resolved, such as by adopting fire protection rendering for the finishes layer.

On the Use of Carbon Nanotubes to Develop Durable Structural Electrodes for Self-Sensing Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 458-463
Author(s):  
Sotirios A. Grammatikos ◽  
Morten Melby Dahl ◽  
Vegar Salin Brøndbo ◽  
Angela Daniela La Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper reports an experimental investigation on embedded polyurethane (PUR) electrodes into a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite to enable the dependable use of composites as a piezoresistive sensors, among other uses, and pave the way towards advanced structural health monitoring (SHM). To be able to use polyurethane as electrodes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as fillers in PUR to increase its electrical conductivity. Various concentrations of MWCNTs in PUR were tested to reveal the optimum synthesis. This was conducted by performing mechanical and electrical property tests of the electrodes, studying the adhesion capabilities between composite matrix and polyurethane electrode and carrying out load-unload testing where the composite acts as a strain sensor.

Energy Intensity and Quality of Recyclate in Composite Recycling

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norshah A. Shuaib ◽  
Paul T. Mativenga
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Composite materials are widely used in various sectors such as aerospace, wind energy and automotive. The high demand especially for thermoset based glass (GFRP) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials has led to a rise in volumes of manufacturing scrap and end-of-life products as composite waste. Unlike thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers have difficulties in recycling due to their cross-linked nature. In this paper, thermoset composite recycling processes which are grouped into mechanical, thermal and chemical methods are assessed from the perspectives of energy consumption, processing rate and mechanical performance of the recycled products. The paper presents a benchmark of composite technologies as well as identifies research challenges.

Experimental investigation and analysis of factors influencing delamination and thrust force during drilling of carbon-fibre reinforced polymer composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar D ◽  
Ranjithkumar P ◽  
M.P. Jenarthanan ◽  
Sathiya Narayanan C
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Machining Center ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Drill Diameter ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a statistical model for delamination and thrust forcing during drilling of carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the input parameters (drill speed, drill diameter and feed rate) that influences the output response (delamination and thrust force) in the machining of CFRP composite using solid carbide drill cutter. Design/methodology/approach Three factors, three levels central composite face centred (CCFC) design, is used to conduct the experiments on CFRP by carbide drill. The whole quality evaluation (delamination) was done by video measuring system to measure the width of maximum damage of the machined CFRP composite. The thrust forces during drilling are measured using digital multi-component cutting force (Make: IEICOS, Model: 652) dynamometer. The “Design Expert 7.0” is used to analyse the data collected graphically. An analysis of variance is carried out to validate the model and for determining the most significant parameter. Findings The response surface model is used to predict the input factors influencing the delamination and thrust force on the drilled surfaces of CFRP composite at different cutting conditions with the chosen range of 95 per cent confidence intervals. The analysis on the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the delamination and thrust force has been carried out using RSM. This investigation revealed that the drill diameter is the eminent factor which affects the responses. Originality/value In all, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm holes have been successfully made on CFRP using vertical machining center, whereas the previous researchers have not drilled hole size less than 1 mm in CFRP using vertical machining center.

scholarly journals High-fidelity damage modelling of CFRP laminates for impact and crashworthiness applications – dynamic tube crushing simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
D. E. Sommer ◽  
D. Thomson ◽  
O. Falcó ◽  
G. Quino ◽  
H. Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Continuum Damage Mechanics ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Cohesive Zone Modelling ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Modelling Techniques

Drop weight impact experiments were conducted on angle-ply carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite crush tubes. The dynamic response was modelled using explicit finite element methods and continuum damage mechanics and cohesive zone modelling in both Abaqus/Explicit and LS-DYNA. User-defined constitutive models for the intra-ply behaviour were used and a fibre-aligned meshing technique was implemented. The results of the experiments and simulations are compared to evaluate accuracy of the different modelling techniques, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of each approach. Among these, the choice of meshing strategy is shown to be especially important in capturing the physical propagation of cracks and damage mechanisms in CFRP laminates.

scholarly journals Improved Compressive Properties of a Unidirectional Cfrp Laminate Using Nanosilica Particles

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369351001900 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jumahat ◽  
C. Soutis ◽  
F. R. Jones ◽  
A. Hodzic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Spherical Silica ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Nanosilica Particles ◽  
Modified Epoxy

The effect of nanosilica particles on the compressive properties of a unidirectional (UD) HTS40/828 carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite was studied. A series of nanomodified CFRP composite was fabricated using 3.6-19.7 vol.% nanosilica-modified epoxy resin. Static uniaxial compression tests were conducted on [0]8 laminate specimens of 12 mm gauge length to evaluate the compressive properties. It was found that the compressive modulus and strength of nanomodified UD system were improved with increasing nanosilica content without any significant reduction in failure strain. The presence of spherical silica nanoparticles stiffened the epoxy matrix and offered a better lateral support to the carbon fibre. Therefore, the compressive properties were improved significantly in comparison with the unmodified CFRP system. These results suggested that the interaction between the nanomodified epoxy and the carbon fibre is very good therefore the load is successfully transferred via the interface to give higher resistance against deformation when it was loaded in compression.

In situ fabrication of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer composites with embedded piezoelectrics for inspection and energy harvesting applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (16) ◽  
pp. 1910-1919
Author(s):  
Xue Yan ◽  
Charles RP Courtney ◽  
Chris R Bowen ◽  
Nicholas Gathercole ◽  
Tao Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Piezoelectric Devices

Current in situ damage detection of fibre-reinforced composites typically uses sensors which are attached to the structure. This may make periodic inspection difficult for complex part geometries or in locations which are difficult to reach. To overcome these limitations, we examine the use of piezoelectric materials in the form of macro-fibre composites that are embedded into carbon fibre–reinforced polymer composites. Such a multi-material system can provide an in situ ability for damage detection, sensing or energy harvesting. In this work, the piezoelectric devices are embedded between the carbon fibre prepreg, and heat treated at elevated temperatures, enabling complete integration of the piezoelectric element into the structure. The impact of processing temperature on the properties of the macro-fibre composites are assessed, in particular with respect to the Curie temperature of the embedded ferroelectric. The mechanical properties of the carbon fibre–reinforced polymer composites are evaluated to assess the impact of the piezoelectric on tensile strength. The performance of the embedded piezoelectric devices to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals is evaluated, along with the potential to harvest power from mechanical strain for self-powered systems. Such an approach provides a route to create multi-functional materials.

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