Energy Intensity and Quality of Recyclate in Composite Recycling

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norshah A. Shuaib ◽  
Paul T. Mativenga
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Composite materials are widely used in various sectors such as aerospace, wind energy and automotive. The high demand especially for thermoset based glass (GFRP) and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials has led to a rise in volumes of manufacturing scrap and end-of-life products as composite waste. Unlike thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers have difficulties in recycling due to their cross-linked nature. In this paper, thermoset composite recycling processes which are grouped into mechanical, thermal and chemical methods are assessed from the perspectives of energy consumption, processing rate and mechanical performance of the recycled products. The paper presents a benchmark of composite technologies as well as identifies research challenges.

Effect of nanofiller on fibre laser drilling quality of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite laminates

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-870
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Kumar ◽  
Kalyan Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Laser machining of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites is a challenging task due to a significant difference between physical and thermal properties of the constituent materials, i.e. polymer matrix and carbon fibres. This results in extended heat-affected zone (HAZ), taper kerf and poor surface finishing. This paper focuses on an investigation, attempting to minimise the divergence in the decomposition temperature of carbon fibres and epoxy resin by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix as a secondary reinforcement. High thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes increases the thermal diffusivity of polymer matrix, which in turn reduces the matrix recession. In addition, laser power and scan speed was also considered as an input parameter and their influence on output responses such as HAZ, taper angle and surface roughness has been studied. To analyse the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the resultant thermal damage, an innovative technique, i.e. scanning acoustic microscopy was used. This technique provides a ply-by-ply damage analysis. C-scans of the top and bottom surface of the machined holes in the composite were also carried out. Further, micrographs of the holes were taken to analyse the quality of the holes using field-emission scanning electron microscope. The obtained results indicated that HAZ, taper angle and surface roughness of holes decreased by ∼30%, ∼47% and ∼43%, respectively, with 1.5 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes doped carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates, when compared with the results obtained from experiments with neat carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite laminates.

scholarly journals Influence of Milling Process Parameters on Machined Surface Quality of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composites Using Taguchi Analysis and Grey Relational Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S.N.V.R. Prasanth ◽  
◽  
S. Nikitha ◽  
R. Pulsingh ◽  
M. Sampath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Scanning Electron

The article presents the milled surface quality of Uni-Directional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (UD-CFRP) composites from Taguchi’s and grey relational analysis. The novelty is demonstrating the possibility of detecting the surface defects in polymer composites during milling using SEM analysis. The material used for this study is UD-CFRP composite laminates and made by hand-layup process. All the milling operations were carried out using a solid tungsten carbide end milling tool and experiments conducted on CNC milling machine. Taguchi L9, 3-level orthogonal array was considered for experimentation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to explore the significance of each individual input process parameters on multiple performance characteristics. Optimal process parameters are thoroughly validated by grey relational grade achieved by the grey relational analysis for multi performance characteristics. Finally, experimental results were correlated and analyzed with scanning electron micrographs using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Research on the Effect of Low Temperature on the Performance of Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer and Ti Stack Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Cheng Yong Wang ◽  
Run Ping Shi ◽  
Yue Xian Song ◽  
Ying Ning Hu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Drilling Force ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Drilling Temperature ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

The thermal conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and titanium alloy is lower which caused the increasing of drilling temperature and larger tool wear resistance. The low temperature air is aided for the drilling of laminated stack board of CFRP/Ti with double apex angles carbide drill at different feed rate. The drilling force and the quality of hole are analyzed. The results showed that the low temperature air can reduce the tool wear and the thrust force effectively.

On the Use of Carbon Nanotubes to Develop Durable Structural Electrodes for Self-Sensing Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 458-463
Author(s):  
Sotirios A. Grammatikos ◽  
Morten Melby Dahl ◽  
Vegar Salin Brøndbo ◽  
Angela Daniela La Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper reports an experimental investigation on embedded polyurethane (PUR) electrodes into a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite to enable the dependable use of composites as a piezoresistive sensors, among other uses, and pave the way towards advanced structural health monitoring (SHM). To be able to use polyurethane as electrodes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as fillers in PUR to increase its electrical conductivity. Various concentrations of MWCNTs in PUR were tested to reveal the optimum synthesis. This was conducted by performing mechanical and electrical property tests of the electrodes, studying the adhesion capabilities between composite matrix and polyurethane electrode and carrying out load-unload testing where the composite acts as a strain sensor.

scholarly journals Synergetic effects of carbon nanotube-graphene nanoplatelet hybrids in carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Silva ◽  
Diogo Vale ◽  
Jéssica Rocha ◽  
Nuno Rocha ◽  
Raquel Miriam Santos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Synergetic Effects ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
3D Architecture ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Hybrid filler systems of carbon-based nanoparticles with different geometry shapes, one-dimensional (1D-) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional (2D-) graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs), were dispersed into epoxy matrix, using an intensive mixer, to evaluate their promising synergistic effects. In this work, the influence of different CNT/GnP ratios on the dispersion level, electrical and mechanical performance of epoxy-based nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that the size and number of GnP agglomerates are significantly reduced with the incorporation of CNTs, due to the formation of a co-supporting three-dimensional (3D-) architecture that delays re-agglomeration of the nanoplatelets. The combination of CNTs and GnPs, at an overall concentration of 0.043 wt. %, synergistically increase the mechanical performance and reduce the electrical percolation threshold of nanocomposites comparatively to the single filled systems. The transversal tensile properties, including elastic modulus – E2 and failure strength – Yt, of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were studied and synergetic effects were also found when combining CNTs with GnPs.

Experimental investigation and analysis of factors influencing delamination and thrust force during drilling of carbon-fibre reinforced polymer composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar D ◽  
Ranjithkumar P ◽  
M.P. Jenarthanan ◽  
Sathiya Narayanan C
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Machining Center ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Drill Diameter ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a statistical model for delamination and thrust forcing during drilling of carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the input parameters (drill speed, drill diameter and feed rate) that influences the output response (delamination and thrust force) in the machining of CFRP composite using solid carbide drill cutter. Design/methodology/approach Three factors, three levels central composite face centred (CCFC) design, is used to conduct the experiments on CFRP by carbide drill. The whole quality evaluation (delamination) was done by video measuring system to measure the width of maximum damage of the machined CFRP composite. The thrust forces during drilling are measured using digital multi-component cutting force (Make: IEICOS, Model: 652) dynamometer. The “Design Expert 7.0” is used to analyse the data collected graphically. An analysis of variance is carried out to validate the model and for determining the most significant parameter. Findings The response surface model is used to predict the input factors influencing the delamination and thrust force on the drilled surfaces of CFRP composite at different cutting conditions with the chosen range of 95 per cent confidence intervals. The analysis on the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the delamination and thrust force has been carried out using RSM. This investigation revealed that the drill diameter is the eminent factor which affects the responses. Originality/value In all, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm holes have been successfully made on CFRP using vertical machining center, whereas the previous researchers have not drilled hole size less than 1 mm in CFRP using vertical machining center.

Effect of the areal weight of CNT-doped veils on CFRP electrical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 2677-2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Dydek ◽  
Anna Boczkowska ◽  
Paulina Latko-Durałek ◽  
Małgorzata Wilk ◽  
Karol Padykuła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Thermal Pressing ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Out Of Autoclave ◽  
Very High

The main goal of this work was the increasing electrical conductivity of carbon-epoxy composites due to implementation of thermoplastic nonwoven veils doped with carbon nanotubes into the composite structure. Nonwovens which differ in areal weight were produced by extrusion of fibers and their thermal pressing. Laminates were fabricated using an out-of-autoclave method and nonwovens were incorporated between each layer of carbon-epoxy unidirectional prepreg. The applied conductive nonwovens improved surface and volume electrical conductivity of carbon fibre reinforced polymer in all directions. Microstructure observations proved a very high quality of the fabricated composites. The implementation of nonwovens affected the crack propagation under loading.

Investigation of Quality of Drilled Holes by Guiding the Drill Bit Using Permanent Magnet on a Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Material

2016 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Md Anayet Ullah Patwari ◽  
Suleiman Mohammed Yusuf ◽  
Mohammad Ahsan Habib ◽  
Shahrair Ragib ◽  
Ferdous Azam
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

The use of glass fibre reinforced polymer composite materials (GFRP) increases due to its superior properties that draw the attention of the other researches focusing on relevant aspects concerning the machining of such materials. In conventional machining for hole creation, drilling is the most frequently employed machining process for hole generation in fibre reinforced materials. Due to the laminated structure of the composite materials, several types of damages and other surface irregularities are introduced during drilling processes. These defects in the holes lead to about 60% of the rejections in assembly plant. Surface roughness has been identified to be the main contribution for defects in holes machined in composites. These defects would create reduction in structural stiffness, which may lead to variation of dynamic performance of the whole structure. Hence, achieving the desired hole quality is of great importance for the functional behaviour of the mechanical parts. In the present work, the effect of permanent magnet on the quality of drilled holes on GFRP composite is presented. Experiments are performed under different magnetic drilling conditions of spindle speed, feed rate and drill diameter on CNC drilling machine using three levels of factors. A procedure has been adopted to assess and optimize the chosen factors by the use of Box Behnken design to analyse the effects of different parameters. From the experimental results, it has been observed that the technique used is convenient to predict the main effects and their interaction effects of different influential combinations of machining parameters on surface roughness. It has been found that effect of permanent magnetic on the guiding mechanism of the drill bit which lead to get improved surface roughness with better circularity compared to normal drilling processes. A mathematical model has been developed for the prediction of surface roughness using permanent magnet and normal drilling processes.

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