Role of altered rpoB alleles in Bacillus subtilis sporulation and spore resistance to heat, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (9) ◽  
pp. 759-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Moeller ◽  
Ignacija Vlašić ◽  
Günther Reitz ◽  
Wayne L. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Heat

scholarly journals Role of Dipicolinic Acid in Resistance and Stability of Spores of Bacillus subtilis with or without DNA-Protective α/β-Type Small Acid-Soluble Proteins

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 3740-3747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Setlow ◽  
Swaroopa Atluri ◽  
Ryan Kitchel ◽  
Kasia Koziol-Dube ◽  
Peter Setlow
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Wet Heat

ABSTRACT Dipicolinic acid (DPA) comprises ∼10% of the dry weight of spores of Bacillus species. Although DPA has long been implicated in spore resistance to wet heat and spore stability, definitive evidence on the role of this abundant molecule in spore properties has generally been lacking. Bacillus subtilis strain FB122 (sleB spoVF) produced very stable spores that lacked DPA, and sporulation of this strain with DPA yielded spores with nearly normal DPA levels. DPA-replete and DPA-less FB122 spores had similar levels of the DNA protective α/β-type small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP), but the DPA-less spores lacked SASP-γ. The DPA-less FB122 spores exhibited similar UV resistance to the DPA-replete spores but had lower resistance to wet heat, dry heat, hydrogen peroxide, and desiccation. Neither wet heat nor hydrogen peroxide killed the DPA-less spores by DNA damage, but desiccation did. The inability to synthesize both DPA and most α/β-type SASP in strain PS3664 (sspA sspB sleB spoVF) resulted in spores that lost viability during sporulation, at least in part due to DNA damage. DPA-less PS3664 spores were more sensitive to wet heat than either DPA-less FB122 spores or DPA-replete PS3664 spores, and the latter also retained viability during sporulation. These and previous results indicate that, in addition to α/β-type SASP, DPA also is extremely important in spore resistance and stability and, further, that DPA has some specific role(s) in protecting spore DNA from damage. Specific roles for DPA in protecting spore DNA against damage may well have been a major driving force for the spore's accumulation of the high levels of this small molecule.

scholarly journals Role of DNA Repair by Nonhomologous-End Joining in Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Extreme Dryness, Mono- and Polychromatic UV, and Ionizing Radiation

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (8) ◽  
pp. 3306-3311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Moeller ◽  
Erko Stackebrandt ◽  
Günther Reitz ◽  
Thomas Berger ◽  
Petra Rettberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Nonhomologous End Joining ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Spore Resistance

ABSTRACT The role of DNA repair by nonhomologous-end joining (NHEJ) in spore resistance to UV, ionizing radiation, and ultrahigh vacuum was studied in wild-type and DNA repair mutants (recA, splB, ykoU, ykoV, and ykoU ykoV mutants) of Bacillus subtilis. NHEJ-defective spores with mutations in ykoU, ykoV, and ykoU ykoV were significantly more sensitive to UV, ionizing radiation, and ultrahigh vacuum than wild-type spores, indicating that NHEJ provides an important pathway during spore germination for repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Spore Structural Components in Determining Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Simulated Mars Surface Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
pp. 8849-8853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Moeller ◽  
Andrew C. Schuerger ◽  
Günther Reitz ◽  
Wayne L. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Spore ◽  
Spore Resistance

ABSTRACTSpores of wild-type and mutantBacillus subtilisstrains lacking various structural components were exposed to simulated Martian atmospheric and UV irradiation conditions. Spore survival and mutagenesis were strongly dependent on the functionality of all of the structural components, with small acid-soluble spore proteins, coat layers, and dipicolinic acid as key protectants.

Comparative Study of Pressure-Induced Germination of Bacillus subtilis Spores at Low and High Pressures

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3220-3224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Y. Wuytack ◽  
Steven Boven ◽  
Chris W. Michiels
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Atp Generation

ABSTRACT We have studied pressure-induced germination of Bacillus subtilis spores at moderate (100 MPa) and high (500 to 600 MPa) pressures. Although we found comparable germination efficiencies under both conditions by using heat sensitivity as a criterion for germination, the sensitivity of pressure-germinated spores to some other agents was found to depend on the pressure used. Spores germinated at 100 MPa were more sensitive to pressure (>200 MPa), UV light, and hydrogen peroxide than were those germinated at 600 MPa. Since small, acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) and dipicolinic acid (DPA) are known to be involved in spore resistance to UV light and hydrogen peroxide, we studied the fate of these compounds during pressure germination. DPA was released upon both low- and high-pressure germination, but SASP degradation, which normally accompanies nutrient-induced germination, occurred upon low-pressure germination but not upon high-pressure germination. These results adequately explain the UV and hydrogen peroxide resistance of spores germinated at 600 MPa. The resistance to pressure inactivation of 600-MPa-germinated spores could also, at least partly, be attributed to α/β-type SASPs, since mutants deficient in α/β-type SASPs were more sensitive to inactivation at 600 MPa. Further, germination at 100 MPa resulted in rapid ATP generation, as is the case in nutrient-induced germination, but no ATP was formed during germination at 600 MPa. These results suggest that spore germination can be initiated by low- and high-pressure treatments but is arrested at an early stage in the latter case. The implications for the use of high pressure as a preservation treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of the Spore Coat Layers in Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance to Hydrogen Peroxide, Artificial UV-C, UV-B, and Solar UV Radiation

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Riesenman ◽  
Wayne L. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Spore Coat ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Coat Layer ◽  
Artificial Uv ◽  
Uv C

ABSTRACT Spores of Bacillus subtilis possess a thick protein coat that consists of an electron-dense outer coat layer and a lamellalike inner coat layer. The spore coat has been shown to confer resistance to lysozyme and other sporicidal substances. In this study, spore coat-defective mutants of B. subtilis (containing thegerE36 and/or cotE::cat mutation) were used to study the relative contributions of spore coat layers to spore resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and various artificial and solar UV treatments. Spores of strains carrying mutations in gerE and/or cotE were very sensitive to lysozyme and to 5% H2O2, as were chemically decoated spores of the wild-type parental strain. Spores of all coat-defective strains were as resistant to 254-nm UV-C radiation as wild-type spores were. Spores possessing thegerE36 mutation were significantly more sensitive to artificial UV-B and solar UV radiation than wild-type spores were. In contrast, spores of strains possessing thecotE::cat mutation were significantly more resistant to all of the UV treatments used than wild-type spores were. Spores of strains carrying both the gerE36 andcotE::cat mutations behaved likegerE36 mutant spores. Our results indicate that the spore coat, particularly the inner coat layer, plays a role in spore resistance to environmentally relevant UV wavelengths.

scholarly journals Role of Bacillus subtilis DNA Glycosylase MutM in Counteracting Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage and in Stationary-Phase-Associated Mutagenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (11) ◽  
pp. 1963-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Gómez-Marroquín ◽  
Luz E. Vidales ◽  
Bernardo N. Debora ◽  
Fernando Santos-Escobar ◽  
Armando Obregón-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Dna Glycosylase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTReactive oxygen species (ROS) promote the synthesis of the DNA lesion 8-oxo-G, whose mutagenic effects are counteracted in distinct organisms by the DNA glycosylase MutM. We report here that inBacillus subtilis,mutMis expressed during the exponential and stationary phases of growth. In agreement with this expression pattern, results of a Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of MutM in both stages of growth. In comparison with cells of a wild-type strain, cells ofB. subtilislacking MutM increased their spontaneous mutation frequency to Rifrand were more sensitive to the ROS promoter agents hydrogen peroxide and 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (Paraquat). However, despite MutM's proven participation in preventing ROS-induced-DNA damage, the expression ofmutMwas not induced by hydrogen peroxide, mitomycin C, or NaCl, suggesting that transcription of this gene is not under the control of the RecA, PerR, or σBregulons. Finally, the role of MutM in stationary-phase-associated mutagenesis (SPM) was investigated in the strainB. subtilisYB955 (hisC952 metB5 leuC427). Results revealed that under limiting growth conditions, amutMknockout strain significantly increased the amount of stationary-phase-associatedhis,met, andleurevertants produced. In summary, our results support the notion that the absence of MutM promotes mutagenesis that allows nutritionally stressedB. subtiliscells to escape from growth-limiting conditions.IMPORTANCEThe present study describes the role played by a DNA repair protein (MutM) in protecting the soil bacteriumBacillus subtilisfrom the genotoxic effects induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoter agents. Moreover, it reveals that the genetic inactivation ofmutMallows nutritionally stressed bacteria to escape from growth-limiting conditions, putatively by a mechanism that involves the accumulation and error-prone processing of oxidized DNA bases.

scholarly journals Role of DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to high energy and low energy electron beam treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 103353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Nina Huber ◽  
Ralf Moeller ◽  
Jörg Stülke ◽  
Barbora Dubovcova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Subtilis Spore ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Spore ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Low Energy Electron

The role of copper ions in hydrogen peroxide bleaching: Their origin, removal, and effect on pulp quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO E.G. LOUREIRO ◽  
SANDRINE DUARTE ◽  
DMITRY V. EVTUGUIN ◽  
M. GRAÇA V.S. CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Equipment Corrosion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Effects

This study puts particular emphasis on the role of copper ions in the performance of hydrogen peroxide bleaching (P-stage). Owing to their variable levels across the bleaching line due to washing filtrates, bleaching reagents, and equipment corrosion, these ions can play a major role in hydrogen peroxide decomposition and be detrimental to polysaccharide integrity. In this study, a Cu-contaminated D0(EOP)D1 prebleached pulp was subjected to an acidic washing (A-stage) or chelation (Q-stage) before the alkaline P-stage. The objective was to understand the isolated and combined role of copper ions in peroxide bleaching performance. By applying an experimental design, it was possible to identify the main effects of the pretreatment variables on the extent of metals removal and performance of the P-stage. The acid treatment was unsuccessful in terms of complete copper removal, magnesium preservation, and control of hydrogen peroxide consumption in the following P-stage. Increasing reaction temperature and time of the acidic A-stage improved the brightness stability of the D0(EOP)D1AP bleached pulp. The optimum conditions for chelation pretreatment to maximize the brightness gains obtained in the subsequent P-stage with the lowest peroxide consumption were 0.4% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 80ºC, and 4.5 pH.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document