Determination of low levels of free fibres of chrysotile in contaminated soils by X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 376 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Foresti ◽  
M. Gazzano ◽  
A. F. Gualtieri ◽  
I. G. Lesci ◽  
B. Lunelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Levels

Determination of low levels of retained austenite in low-carbon high-manganese steel using X-ray diffraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helder Carvalho Ferreira ◽  
Francisco Jose Martins Boratto ◽  
Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
High Manganese Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Levels

The Determination of Low Levels of Quartz in Commercial Kaolins by X-ray Diffraction

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Elton ◽  
P.D. Salt ◽  
J.M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
The United States ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Respirable Fraction ◽  
Profile Fitting ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractLegislation in the United States and Canada requires labelling of products containing ≥ 0.1 wt.% crystalline silica. Kaolin clays are used in a variety of industries and usually contain low levels of total (i.e., respirable plus non-respirable) quartz, even after beneficiation. X-ray diffraction procedures have been developed here which are suitable for the quantification of total quartz in commercial kaolins with accuracy sufficient to satisfy the legislation. Separation and analysis of the respirable fraction is not addressed in this paper; however, the procedures described would be applicable to such samples if sufficient were available. Use of the 50.1° 2θrather than the 26.6° 26 (CuKα) quartz peak avoids most of the potential problems of overlap with reflections from other accessory minerals. It is shown that profile fitting techniques and optimised experimental procedures allow the determination of quartz in bulk samples to ± 0.03 wt.% (95% confidence) at the 0.1 wt.% level, and ± 0.1 wt.% at the 1.0 wt.% level, with tolerable data collection times.

Studies on the Deterioration of the Cordon of the Most Illustrious Order of Chulachomklao

2017 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Kanidtha Chuapanit ◽  
Radchada Buntem
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Golden Thread ◽  
Severe Deterioration ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

The Cordon of the Most Illustrious Order of Chulachomklao was one of the insignia that King Rama the fifth gave to the ladies of the court to present their goodness. One component of this object was made from silk and decorated by needled the silvered and golden thread as the laurel and the initial of King’s royal name. This ancient silk suffers from discoloration, low strength and severe deterioration. Amino acids in fibroin were photo-degraded under UV-irradiation and heat. Three silk samples, S-Raw, S-White and S-Ancient, were selected for ATR-FTIR and XRD analyses. FTIR spectroscopy can be used for the determination of the molecular structure of silk fibroin. The characteristic bands of silk fibroin corresponding to amide I, II, and III were found in all silk samples. The skeletal vibrations were also observed. Two degradation estimators, EAmideI/II and EcC=O2 were calculated and used to qualitatively estimate the degree of degradation due to oxidation and crystallinity of silk fibroin respectively. The results showed the higher degree of degradation and lower crystallinity of A-Ancient. The X-ray diffraction of S-Ancient showed the broader and weaker characteristic peaks at 2 theta of ∼ 20o indicating the lower crystallinity.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

New Coordination Compounds of Fe(III) with Organic Ligands

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Flondor ◽  
Ioan Rosca ◽  
Doina Sibiescu ◽  
Mihaela-Aurelia Vizitiu ◽  
Daniel-Mircea Sutiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Chemical Analysis ◽  
Structural Formulae ◽  
Paramagnetic Properties

In this paper the synthesis and the study of some complex compounds of Fe(III) with ligands derived from: 2-(4-chloro-phenylsulfanyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenyl)-ethanone (HL1), 1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenylsulfanyl-ethanone(HL2), and 2-(4-chloro-phenylsulfanyl)-1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone (HL3) is presented. The characterization of these complexes is based on method as: the elemental chemical analysis, IR and ESR spectroscopy, M�ssbauer, the thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. Study of the IR and chemical analysis has evidenced that the precipitates form are a complexes and the combination ratio of M:L is 1:2. The central atoms of Fe(III) presented paramagnetic properties and a octaedric hybridization. Starting from this precipitation reactions, a method for the gravimetric determination of Fe(III) with this organic ligands has been possible. Based on the experimental data on literature indications, the structural formulae of the complex compounds are assigned.

Crystal structure determination of the conformation of two bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-ones

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Richardson ◽  
Ted S. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Chair Conformation ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Boat Conformation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Final Agreement

The molecular structures of exo-7-methylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one, 3, and the endo-7-methyl isomer, 4, have been determined using X-ray-diffraction techniques. Compound 3 crystallizes in the space group [Formula: see text] with a = 15.115(1), c = 7.677(2) Å, and Z = 8 while 4 crystallizes in the space group P21 with a = 6.446(1), b = 7.831(1), c = 8.414(2) Å, β = 94.42(2)°, and Z = 2. The structures were solved by direct methods and refined to final agreement factors of R = 0.041 and R = 0.034 for 3 and 4 respectively. Compound 3 exists in a chair–chair conformation and there is no significant flattening of the chair rings. However, in 4, the non-ketone ring is forced into a boat conformation. These results are significant in interpreting what conformations may be present in the related sp2-hybridized carbocations.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

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