scholarly journals Identification and quantification of dicarboxylic fatty acids in head tissue of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Lehnert ◽  
Mamun M. Rashid ◽  
Benoy Kumar Barman ◽  
Walter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was grown in Bangladesh with four different feeding treatments as part of a project that aims to produce fish in a cost-effective way for low-income consumers in developing countries. Fillet and head tissue was analysed because both tissues were destined for human consumption. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of transesterified fatty acid methyl ester extracts indicated the presence of ~ 50 fatty acids. Major fatty acids in fillet and head tissue were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds were presented in quantities > 10% of total fatty acids in fillet, but lower in head tissue. Erucic acid levels were below the newly proposed tolerable daily intake in the European Union, based on the consumption of 200 g fillet per day. Moreover, further analysis produced evidence for the presence of the dicarboxylic fatty acid azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid, Di9:0) in head tissue. To verify this uncommon finding, countercurrent chromatography was used to isolate Di9:0 and other dicarboxylic acids from a technical standard followed by its quantification. Di9:0 contributed to 0.4–1.3% of the fatty acid profile in head tissue, but was not detected in fillet. Fish fed with increasing quantities of flaxseed indicated that linoleic acid was the likely precursor of Di9:0 in the head tissue samples.

scholarly journals Studying the Physicochemical Properties and Isolation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Edible Oils by GC-MS and Argentated Silica Gel Chromatography

2021 ◽  
pp. 346-362
Author(s):  
Salim Najmaldain Saber ◽  
Hikmat Ali Mohamad ◽  
Madzlan Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl

The core objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the oils of sunflower, olive, virgin coconut and ginger oils, as well as the separation of their unsaturated fatty acids. The data indicated a significant variation in physicochemical properties (acid, saponification, ester, and iodine values) among oils. Transesterification process was carried out at a molar ratio of 1:7:0.1 of oil: methanol: KOH. Fatty acid methyl esters of oils were analyzed by infrared (IR) and gas chromatography–mass (GC-MS) spectrometry. Twelve fatty acids were identified, where the major fatty acid of  olive oil was found to be  oleic acid (89%), whereas those of sunflower and ginger oils were linoleic acid (80.9 %) and (79.3 %), respectively. Sunflower and olive oils were fractionated by 25% silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel column chromatography. By this method, linoleic acid methyl ester from sunflower and oleic acid methyl ester from olive oil were isolated with high purity percentages and yields. This study is significant for the development of food and pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Identifikasi Komposisi Asam Lemak Minyak Testa Kelapa [Physicochemical Characteristics and Identification of Fatty Acid Composition Coconut Testa Oil]

Buletin Palma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ardi Kurniawan Makalalag ◽  
Anton Muis ◽  
Nicolas Tumbel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl

<p>Testa is a byproduct of the coconut flour industrial processing process and has not been used optimally. Testa is the outer layer of coconut flesh which is brown. peeled with a thickness of about 2mm, dried, and taken the oil. The purpose of this study was to see the potential that can be processed from coconut testa by identifying the physical and chemical properties of testa oil and to determine the composition of its fatty acid content. The research was carried out in 2019 and carried out at the Manado Industrial Research and Standardization Center Laboratory. The results showed a water content value of 0.2148%; free fatty acids 2.02%; the peroxide number is 0.4107 Mek O2/Kg; iodine number 14.452 g iodine/100g; and the saponin number 258.46 mg KOH/g. The results of testing the fatty acid composition of testa oil using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) tool were obtained, eight types of fatty acids consisting of medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids, with the most dominant percentage being Lauric acid methyl ester (C12 - Lauric acid) of 41.59% which is a group of medium-chain fatty acids. Overall, the fatty acids obtained are Caprylic acid methyl ester (C8 - caprylic acid) 5.43%, Capric acid methyl ester (C10 - capric acid) 4.68%, Lauric acid methyl ester (C12 - lauric acid) 41, 59%, Myristic acid methyl ester (C14 - myristic acid) 18.87%, Palmitic acid methyl ester (C16 - palmitic acid) 11.87%, Linoleic acid methyl ester (C18 - linoleic acid) 1.67%, Oleic acid methyl ester (C18 - oleic acid) 11.88%, Stearic acid methyl ester (C20 - stearic acid) 4.01%. The results obtained show that coconut testa oil has the potential to be developed into functional food, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals products .</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Testa adalah produk samping dari proses pengolahan industri tepung kelapa, dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Testa merupakan lapisan luar daging buah kelapa yang berwarna coklat. dikupas dengan ketebalan sekitar 2mm, dikeringkan dan dikeluarkan minyaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat potensi yang dapat diolah dari testa kelapa dengan cara mengidentifikasi sifat fisik dan kimia dari minyak testa dan untuk mengetahui komposisi kandungan asam lemaknya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2019 dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Manado. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai kadar air 0,2148%; asam lemak bebas 2,02%; bilangan peroksida sebesar 0,4107 Mek O<sub>2</sub>/Kg; bilangan iod 14,452 g iod/100g; dan bilangan penyabunan 258,46 mg KOH/g. Hasil pengujian komposisi asam lemak minyak testa menggunakan alat <em>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</em> (<em>GCMS</em>) diperoleh, delapan jenis asam lemak penyusun yang terdiri dari asam lemak rantai medium dan asam lemak rantai Panjang, dengan persentase yang paling dominan adalah Lauric acid methyl ester (C12 – Asam laurat) sebesar 41,59% yang merupakan golongan dari asam lemak rantai medium. Secara keseluruhan asam lemak yang diperoleh adalah, Caprylic acid methyl ester (C8 – asam kaprilat) 5,43%, Capric acid methyl ester (C10 – asam kaprat) 4,68%, Lauric acid methyl ester (C12 – asam laurat) 41,59%, Myristic acid methil ester (C14 – asam miristat) 18,87%, Palmitic acid methyl ester (C16 – asam palmitat) 11,87%, Linoleic acid methyl ester (C18 – asam linoleat) 1,67%, Oleic acid methyl ester (C18 – asam oleat) 11,88%, Stearic acid methil ester (C20 – asam stearat) 4,01%. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan minyak testa kelapa memiliki potensi yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi produk pangan fungsional,  kosmetik, maupun farmasi.</p>

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

Efficiency of fatty acid-enriched dipteran-based meal on husbandry, digestive activity and immunological responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 737193
Author(s):  
Pamphile S. Agbohessou ◽  
Syaghalirwa N.M. Mandiki ◽  
Armel Gougbédji ◽  
Rudy Caparros Megido ◽  
Lil-Marlys W. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Digestive Activity

Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 encodes an ω3 fatty acid desaturase

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Oura ◽  
Susumu Kajiwara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturases ◽  
Desaturase Gene ◽  
Saccharomyces Kluyveri ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene

Fungi, like plants, are capable of producing the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. These fatty acids are synthesized by catalytic reactions of Δ12 and ω3 fatty acid desaturases. This paper describes the first cloning and functional characterization of a yeast ω3 fatty acid desaturase gene. The deduced protein encoded by the Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 gene (Sk-FAD3) consists of 419 amino acids, and shows 30–60 % identity with Δ12 fatty acid desaturases of several eukaryotic organisms and 29–31 % identity with ω3 fatty acid desaturases of animals and plants. During Sk-FAD3 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, α-linolenic acid accumulated only when linoleic acid was added to the culture medium. The disruption of Sk-FAD3 led to the disappearance of α-linolenic acid in S. kluyveri. These findings suggest that Sk-FAD3 is the only ω3 fatty acid desaturase gene in this yeast. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of Sk-FAD3 appears to be regulated by low-temperature stress in a manner different from the other fatty acid desaturase genes in S. kluyveri.

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