How hot for how long? The potential role of heat intensity and duration in moderating the beneficial effects of an ecosystem engineer on rocky shores

2014 ◽  
Vol 161 (9) ◽  
pp. 2097-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Cartwright ◽  
Gray A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Beneficial Effects

scholarly journals Duodenal Dysbiosis and Relation to the Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Functional Dyspepsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13609
Author(s):  
Lucas Wauters ◽  
Raúl Y. Tito ◽  
Matthias Ceulemans ◽  
Maarten Lambaerts ◽  
Alison Accarie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Before And After

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may improve symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) through duodenal eosinophil-reducing effects. However, the contribution of the microbiome to FD symptoms and its interaction with PPI remains elusive. Aseptic duodenal brushings and biopsies were performed before and after PPI intake (4 weeks Pantoprazole 40 mg daily, FD-starters and controls) or withdrawal (2 months, FD-stoppers) for 16S-rRNA sequencing. Between- and within-group changes in genera or diversity and associations with symptoms or duodenal factors were analyzed. In total, 30 controls, 28 FD-starters and 19 FD-stoppers were followed. Mucus-associated Porphyromonas was lower in FD-starters vs. controls and correlated with symptoms in FD and duodenal eosinophils in both groups, while Streptococcus correlated with eosinophils in controls. Although clinical and eosinophil-reducing effects of PPI therapy were unrelated to microbiota changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus was associated with duodenal PPI effects in controls and remained higher despite withdrawal of long-term PPI therapy in FD-stoppers. Thus, duodenal microbiome analysis demonstrated differential mucus-associated genera, with a potential role of Porphyromonas in FD pathophysiology. While beneficial effects of short-term PPI therapy were not associated with microbial changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus and its association with PPIeffects in controls suggest a role for duodenal dysbiosis after long-term PPI therapy.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic actions of estrogen: a mitochondrial matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Velarde
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Estrogen Replacement Therapy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Pleiotropic Actions

Estrogen provides many beneficial effects early in life by regulating normal tissue development and several physiological functions. While estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women was expected to reduce the health risks associated with the age-related decline in estrogen levels during menopause, ERT also resulted in increased progression to other types of diseases. Hence, distinguishing the signaling pathways that regulate the beneficial and detrimental effects of estrogen is important for developing interventions that selectively harness the hormone's beneficial effects, while minimizing its side effects. Estrogen can minimize mitochondrial dysfunction, which is thought to contribute to aging phenotypes. Decline in estrogen levels during menopause may lead to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and may permanently alter cellular response, including that of estrogen (i.e., ERT). This review discusses the interplay between estrogen and mitochondrial function during the aging process and suggests a potential role of mitochondria in influencing the pleiotropic action of estrogen.

scholarly journals PPARγin Inflammatory Bowel Disease

PPAR Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Annese ◽  
Francesca Rogai ◽  
Alessia Settesoldi ◽  
Siro Bagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is member of a family of nuclear receptors that interacts with nuclear proteins acting as coactivators and corepressors. The colon is a major tissue which expresses PPARγin epithelial cells and, to a lesser degree, in macrophages and lymphocytes and plays a role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. Indeed, both natural and synthetic PPARγligands have beneficial effects in different models of experimental colitis, with possible implication in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This paper will specifically focus on potential role of PPARγin the predisposition and physiopathology of IBD and will analyze its possible role in medical therapy.

scholarly journals Uric Acid-Induced Adipocyte Dysfunction Is Attenuated by HO-1 Upregulation: Potential Role of Antioxidant Therapy to Target Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Sodhi ◽  
Jordan Hilgefort ◽  
George Banks ◽  
Chelsea Gilliam ◽  
Sarah Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cobalt Protoporphyrin ◽  
Fuel Source

Increased uric acid levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To examine the mechanisms by which this occurs, we hypothesized that an increase in heme oxygenase 1, a potent antioxidant gene, will decrease uric acid levels and adipocyte dysfunction via suppression of ROS and xanthine oxidase (XO) levels. We examined the effect of uric acid on adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence and absence of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), an HO-1 inducer, and tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), an HO activity inhibitor. Uric acid increased adipogenesis by increasing NADPH oxidase expression and elevation in the adipogenesis markers C/EBPα, PPARγ, and Mest, while decreasing small lipid droplets and Wnt10b levels. We treated MSCs with fructose, a fuel source that increases uric acid levels. Our results showed that fructose increased XO expression as compared to the control and concomitant treatment with CoPP significantly decreased XO expression and uric acid levels. These beneficial effects of CoPP were reversed by SnMP, supporting a role for HO activity in mediating these effects. These findings demonstrate that increased levels of HO-1 appear crucial in modulating the phenotype of adipocytes exposed to uric acid and in downregulating XO and NADPH oxidase levels.

scholarly journals Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A New Look at Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role of Novel Antidiabetic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12409
Author(s):  
Jelena Vekic ◽  
Aleksandra Zeljkovic ◽  
Aleksandra Stefanovic ◽  
Rosaria Vincenza Giglio ◽  
Marcello Ciaccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical studies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) could be a promising strategy in reducing the incidence of CRC in patients with diabetes. However, available findings are inconclusive, and further studies are required. In this review, novel evidence on molecular mechanisms linking T2DM with CRC development, progression, and survival will be discussed. In addition, the potential role of GLP-1RAs therapies in CRC prevention will also be evaluated.

Oral Care and the Elderly

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Ashford ◽  
Michelle Skelley
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cavity ◽  
Normal Environment ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Abstract The purpose of this report is to review the normal environment of the oropharyngeal cavity, examine its potential role in the development of pneumonia, and examine the beneficial effects of oral care in the prevention of pneumonia among the sick and elderly. The oropharynx is a very diverse environment of structures, functions, and ecology. Normal bacterial florae existing in this environment are limited in their efforts to colonize in the moist oral tissues by immune properties present in saliva and mucous. Lack of oral maintenance or the occurrence of a severe illness may provide an opportunity for these pathogens to colonize and multiply. Aspiration of certain oral pathogens into the lower respiratory tract has been associated with the development of pneumonia leading to illness complications and death in some elderly or sick persons. Oral care using brushes and oral rinses have been shown to significantly reduce pneumonia development and fever in the sick and elderly populations. An important new role of speech-language pathologists is to assert themselves as practitioners and advocates of better oral health with these populations.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Seaweed Polyphenols in Cardiovascular-Associated Disorders

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gómez-Guzmán ◽  
Alba Rodríguez-Nogales ◽  
Francesca Algieri ◽  
Julio Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Edible Seaweed ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

The beneficial effects of various polyphenols with plant origins on different cardiovascular-associated disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome are well known. Recently, marine crude-drugs are emerging as potential treatments in many noncommunicable conditions, including those involving the cardiovascular system. Among the active compounds responsible for these activities, seaweed polyphenols seem to play a key role. The aim of the present review is to summarise the current knowledge about the beneficial effects reported for edible seaweed polyphenols in the amelioration of these prevalent conditions, focusing on both preclinical and clinical studies. This review will help to establish the basis for future studies in this promising field.

scholarly journals Effects of risperidone on learning and memory parameters in experimental model of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
M. Varadinova ◽  
G. Bogdanov ◽  
P. Markova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

Risperidone is the most widely used drug for treatment of irritability and aggression of children with autism. However, its effects on some cognitive parameters are not well understood. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of risperidone on learning and memory parameters in shuttle-box test of rats in experimental model of autism. Our results demonstrated that administration of risperidone had beneficial effects on learning and memory of rats with experimental autism. Our data suggest the potential role of risperidone in modulating brain development, behavior and cognition in individuals with autistic features.

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