scholarly journals Incidental findings on 3 T neuroimaging: cross-sectional observations from the population-based Rhineland Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Lohner ◽  
Ran Lu ◽  
Simon J. Enkirch ◽  
Tony Stöcker ◽  
Elke Hattingen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Isotropic Resolution ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Developmental Venous Anomalies ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Purpose Development of best practices for dealing with incidental findings on neuroimaging requires insight in their frequency and clinical relevance. Methods Here, we delineate prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals and clinical management of incidental findings, based on the first 3589 participants of the population-based Rhineland Study (age range 30–95 years) who underwent 3 Tesla structural neuroimaging (3D, 0.8 mm3 isotropic resolution). Two trained raters independently assessed all scans for abnormalities, with confirmation and adjudication where needed by neuroradiologists. Participants were referred for diagnostic work-up depending on the potential benefit. Results Of 3589 participants (mean age 55 ± 14 years, 2072 women), 867 had at least one possible incidental finding (24.2%). Most common were pituitary abnormalities (12.3%), arachnoid cysts (4.1%), developmental venous anomalies (2.5%), non-acute infarcts (1.8%), cavernomas (1.0%), and meningiomas (0.7%). Forty-six participants were informed about their findings, which was hitherto unknown in 40 of them (1.1%). Of these, in 19 participants (48%), a wait-and-see policy was applied and nine (23%) received treatment, while lesions in the remainder were benign, could not be confirmed, or the participant refused to inform us about their clinical diagnosis. Conclusion Nearly one-quarter of participants had an incidental finding, but only 5% of those required referral, that mostly remained without direct clinical consequences.

scholarly journals Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Prevalence and ItsRisk Factors in Rural Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Dilip Kumar Ghosh ◽  
M Nath ◽  
Chanchal Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Akhlak Ahmed ◽  
Sayeda Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a global disease, and evidence suggests that its prevalence is increasing. Prevalence estimates show considerable geographic variation.According to WHO, prevalence of GERD in far EastAsia currently consistently lower than 10%,which is 8-20% in India. No such population based dataare available in Bangladesh. Thus, the studywas designed to determine the prevalence of GERD and its risk factors inrural community of Bangladesh.This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried outfrom January to June 2015 by using validated questionnaire through door to door interview among randomly selected 2000 participants in a rural communityof Bangladesh. A cutoff point 3 was chosen as a valid and reliable scale to confirm GERD. Among the study participants, 1212 were male and 788 were female.Their average age range was 18 to 60 years. A total of 136 participants were found to have GERD symptoms and among them 43 were men and 93 were women. Thus, the prevalence of GERD in the study was 6.8%. GERD was highly associated with higher age group, women, Muslims, and participants withdiabetes mellitus, asthma and overweight.Prevalence of GERD in rural community of Bangladesh is lower than that of the western world.For a better understanding on GERD, it is important that a study should be carried in a representative samples across Bangladesh.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2018; 44(1):45-51

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression in frontline healthcare workers treating people with COVID-19 in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafia Tasnim ◽  
Safaet Hossain Sujan ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Asmaul Husna Ritu ◽  
Abid Bin Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers ◽  
Age Range

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are in the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic are often under significant pressures which may predispose them to mental ill-health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among HCWs and factors correlated with mental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and August 2020. A self-reported online questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The survey included questions concerning socio-demographic, lifestyle, and work setting and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Results: Data from 803 HCWs (50.7% male; mean age: 27.3 [SD=6.9]; age range: 18-58 years) were included in analyses. Prevalence estimates of anxiety and depression were, respectively, 69.5% and 39.5% for at least borderline abnormal, 41.2% and 15.7% for at least abnormal symptoms. Regression analyses with HADS-score as dependent variable revealed significant (p<0.05) associations with female sex, moderate and poor health status, irregular physical exercising, smoking, having had regrets about their profession because of the pandemic and many unexpected experiences, not updating on the latest COVID-19-related research, experiencing discrimination in the workplace, and facing social problems due to working in a lab or hospital.Conclusions: Symptoms of mental ill-health are prevalent among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The findings suggest a need for monitoring and early interventions to help these individuals.

Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Canadian Children: Prevalence Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuri Narayan Prasad ◽  
Bradley Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disabilities ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Statistics Canada

Abstract Aim Using population surveys of chronic health conditions, the present study aims to examine changing trends in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) with age and determine population-based estimates of prevalence and census-based estimates of absolute numbers of affected children. Methods We analyzed data from three cycles (1994–1999) of Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) (Statistics Canada Survey). Results Cross-sectional prevalence rates for chronic NDD in children from birth to 15 years across cycle 1 to 3 of the NLSCY show an increasing trend over the years from 1994 to 1999. Population-based estimates were also calculated from census data. Weighted prevalence rates for four conditions in children aged birth to 15 years increased across the three cycles, except for cerebral palsy. Prevalence estimates in cycle 3 were: epilepsy 5.26/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.01, 5.52), cerebral palsy 2.81/1,000 (95% CI: 2.62, 2.99), intellectual disability 4.77/1,000 (95% CI: 4.53, 5.02), and learning disability 57.06/1,000 (95% CI, 56.36, 57.76). A male gender preponderance was noted for each NDD using logistic regression. Interpretation Prevalence rates of NDD in Canadian children show an incremental trend across three cycles in four conditions covered in the survey. The changing trends over the three cycles are discussed.

Prevalence estimates of mild behavioral impairment in a population-based sample of pre-dementia states and cognitively healthy older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyra E. Mortby ◽  
Zahinoor Ismail ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACTBackground:A dearth of population-based epidemiological research examines neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) in sub-clinical populations across the spectrum from normal aging to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The construct of mild behavioral impairment (MBI) describes the emergence of sustained and impactful NPS in advance of or in combination with MCI. This is the first epidemiological study to operationalize the recently published diagnostic criteria for MBI and determine prevalence estimates across the spectrum from cognitively normal to MCI.Methods:MBI was assessed in 1,377 older (age range 72–79 years; 52% male; MCI ;= 133; cognitively normal, but-at-risk = 397; cognitively healthy = 847). MBI was assessed in accordance with the ISTAART-AA diagnostic criteria for MBI using the neuropsychiatric inventory.Results:34.1% of participants met the criteria for MBI. High prevalence of MBI across the cognitive spectrum was reported (48.9% vs. 43.1% vs. 27.6%). Irrespective of level of cognitive impairment, impulse dyscontrol (33.8% vs. 28.7% vs. 17.2%) and decreased motivation (32.3% vs. 26.2% vs. 16.3%) were the most frequently met MBI domains. MBI was more prevalent in men (χ2 = 4.98, p = 0.026), especially the domains of decreased motivation and impulse dyscontrol.Conclusions:This study presents the first population-based prevalence estimates for MBI using the recently published ISTAART-AA diagnostic criteria. Findings indicate relatively high prevalence of MBI in pre-dementia clinical states and amongst cognitively healthy older adults. Findings were gender-specific, with MBI affecting more men than women. Knowing the estimates of these symptoms in the population is essential for understanding and differentiating the very early development of clinical disorders.

scholarly journals Apathy and cognitive and functional decline in community-dwelling older adults: results from the Baltimore ECA longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana E. Clarke ◽  
Jean Y. Ko ◽  
Constantine Lyketsos ◽  
George W. Rebok ◽  
William W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

ABSTRACTBackground: Apathy, a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome, commonly affects patients with Alzheimer's disease. Prevalence estimates for apathy range widely and are based on cross-sectional data and/or clinic samples. This study examines the relationships between apathy and cognitive and functional declines in non-depressed community-based older adults.Methods: Data on 1,136 community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, with 1 and 13 years of follow-up, were used. Apathy was assessed with a subscale of items from the General Health Questionnaire. Logistic regression, t-tests, χ2 and Generalized Estimating Equations were used to accomplish the study's objectives.Results: The prevalence of apathy at Wave 1 was 23.7%. Compared to those without, individuals with apathy were on average older, more likely to be female, and have lower Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and impairments in basic and instrumental functioning at baseline. Apathy was significantly associated with cognitive decline (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.60) and declines in instrumental (OR = 4.42; 95% CI = 2.65, 7.38) and basic (OR = 2.74; 95%CI = 1.35, 5.57) function at 1-year follow-up, even after adjustment for baseline age, level of education, race, and depression at follow-up. At 13 years of follow-up, apathetic individuals were not at greater risk for cognitive decline but were twice as likely to have functional decline. Incidence of apathy at 1-year follow up and 13-year follow-up was 22.6% and 29.4%, respectively.Conclusions: These results underline the public health importance of apathy and the need for further population-based studies in this area.

scholarly journals Exposure to Violence Among Syrian Refugee Women Preflight and During Flight: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Sweden

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110315
Author(s):  
Leah Okenwa-Emegwa ◽  
Petter Tinghög ◽  
Marjan Vaez ◽  
Fredrik Saboonchi
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Humanitarian Principle

Violence against women (VAW) is a hidden aspect of humanitarian emergencies, especially during conflicts, and prevalence estimates remain scarce. An adequate response to VAW in humanitarian contexts requires information regarding the extent of the problem and associated factors, including the role of past violence. This study is a questionnaire survey of a random sample of 452 Syrian refugee women resettled in Sweden. Findings show that the prevalence of any violence preflight and during flight was 25.1% and 7.8%, respectively. Older women and women exposed to violence preflight were more likely to experience violence during flight. Findings suggest the need for more trauma-informed systems of handling asylum seekers and refugees, as a humanitarian principle. Other implications for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals The association between major dietary patterns at dinner and obesity in adults living in Tehran: A population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
Zahra Akbarzade ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
Azadeh Lesani ◽  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Findings of studies on the association between evening meal and obesity are inconclusive. Thus, we sought to investigate the association between major dietary patterns at evening meal and obesity among apparently healthy adults in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted using 833 adult men and women who lived in Tehran (age range: 20-59 years). Their dietary intake was evaluated by three, 24-h dietary recalls(24hDRs), and major patterns were identified using exploratory factor analysis. The association between major dietary patterns at dinner with general and central obesity was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: We identified 3 major dietary patterns at dinner including "prudent", "potatoes and eggs" and"Western" patterns. There was no significant relationship between prudent and general obesity (OR:0.76, 95% CI = 0.21, 1.15, P value = 0.20), and, a significant association was not observed between potatoes and eggs and general obesity (OR: 0.89, 95% CI = 0.60, 1.32, P value = 0.57) also, there was no significant relationship between Western dietary pattern and general obesity in this study (OR: 0.95,95% CI = 0.63, 1.43, P value = 0.82). Further analyses showed that there was no significant relationship between central obesity with any of the dietary patterns. Conclusion: The results of this study do not support a possible relationship between major dietary patterns at dinner with general and central obesity. However, the presented findings should be confirmed in prospective studies.

scholarly journals Paranasal sinus opacification in headache sufferers: A population-based imaging study (the HUNT study-MRI)

Cephalalgia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Grande Hansen ◽  
Lars Jacob Stovner ◽  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Anne-Sofie Helvik ◽  
Wenche Moe Thorstensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Mucosal Thickening

Background The association between headache and paranasal sinus disease is still unclear. Because of symptom overlap, the two conditions are not easily studied on the basis of symptoms alone. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether paranasal sinus opacification on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was associated with migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) or unclassified headache. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 844 randomly selected participants (442 women, age range 50–65 years, mean age 57.7 years). Based on 14 headache questions, participants were allocated to four mutually exclusive groups: migraine, TTH, unclassified headache or headache free. On MRI, opacifications as mucosal thickening, polyps/retention cysts and fluid in the five paired sinuses were measured and recorded if ≥1 mm. For each participant, opacification thickness was summed for each sinus and, in addition, a total sum of all sinuses was calculated. Opacification in each sinus was compared between headache-free participants and the headache groups using non-parametric tests, and the total sum was compared by logistical regression. Results No significant association was found between paranasal sinus opacification and headache in general, nor when headache was differentiated into migraine, TTH and unclassified headache. This was also true in separate analyses of mucosal thickening and fluid and of opacification from each paranasal sinus. Conclusion Migraine, TTH and unclassified headache were found not to be associated with an increased degree of paranasal sinus opacification at MRI.

scholarly journals Diet Quality and Diet Diversity in Eight Latin American Countries: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Gómez ◽  
Regina Fisberg ◽  
Ágatha Nogueira Previdelli ◽  
Cristiane Hermes Sales ◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Latin American Countries

This study aimed to assess diet quality score (DQS), considering healthy and unhealthy foods and nutrients, and diet diversity score (DDS) as indicators of risk of noncommunicable diseases in eight Latin American countries, and to verify the possible differences considering country, sex, age, socioeconomic, and nutritional status. A multicenter household population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 9218 individuals (age range 15–65 years). Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. Dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive 24-h recalls and diet quality and diversity were assessed. In the whole sample, scores were observed from 63.0% ± 9.3% to total DQS, 65.0% ± 13.6% to healthy dietary items and 60.2% ± 13.6% to unhealthy items, and 5.6 ± 1.1 out of 9 points to DDS. Women presented lower DDS compared to men (5.5 ± 1.1 vs. 5.6 ± 1.1, p < 0.001). Healthy DQS was higher as the socio-economic level increased, and unhealthy DQS was the opposite (p < 0.05). Total DQS was significantly lower only at the low socio-economic level (p < 0.05). Chile and Venezuela showed the lowest healthy (62.2 ± 15.2 and 61.9 ± 11.7, p < 0.05) and total DQS (61.4 ± 10.3, 61.2 ± 8.7, p < 0.05). No effects were observed when considering the age and anthropometric measurements. Promoting consumption of a diverse and high-quality diet is an essential challenge to accomplish.

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