scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Larix gemelinii Rupr. in the Great Khingan Mountains, China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11230
Author(s):  
Yonglong Wang ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Jianjun Ma ◽  
Busayo Joshua Babalola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Abundant Otus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Khingan Mountains

Larix gemelinii is an important tree species in the Great Khingan Mountains in Northeast China with a high economic and ecological value for its role in carbon sequestration and as a source of lumber and nuts. However, the ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal diversity and community composition of this tree remain largely undefined. We examined EM fungal communities associated with L. gemelinii from three sites in the Great Khingan Mountains using Illumina Miseq to sequence the rDNA ITS2 region and evaluated the impact of spatial, soil, and climatic variables on the EM fungal community. A total of 122 EM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from 21 pooled-root samples, and the dominant EM fungal lineages were /tricholoma, /tomentella-thelephora, /suillus-rhizopogon, and /piloderma. A high proportion of unique EM fungal OTUs were present; some abundant OTUs largely restricted to specific sites. EM fungal richness and community assembly were significantly correlated with spatial distance and climatic and soil variables, with mean annual temperature being the most important predictor for fungal richness and geographic distance as the largest determinant for community turnover. Our findings indicate that L. gemelinii has a rich and distinctive EM fungal community contributing to our understanding of the montane EM fungal community structure from the perspective of a single host plant that has not been previously reported.

Long-term effects of stump removal and tree species composition on the diversity and structure of soil fungal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixi Modi ◽  
Suzanne Simard ◽  
Jean Bérubé ◽  
Les Lavkulich ◽  
Richard Hamelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Stump removal is a common forest management practice used to reduce the mortality of trees affected by the fungal pathogen-mediated root disease, Armillaria root rot, but the impact of stumping on soil fungal community structure is not well understood. This study analyzed the long-term impact of stumping and tree species composition on the abundance, diversity and taxonomic composition of soil fungal communities using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker-based DNA metabarcoding in a 48-year-old trial at Skimikin, British Columbia. A total of 108 samples were collected from FH (fermented and humus layers), and soil mineral horizons (A and B) from stumped and unstumped plots of six tree species treatments (pure stands and admixtures of Douglas-fir, western red-cedar and paper birch). Fungal α-diversity in the A horizon significantly increased with stumping regardless of tree species composition, while β-diversity was significantly affected by stumping in all the horizons. We also observed that the relative abundance of the saprotrophic fungal community declined while that of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community increased with stumping. In conclusion, increase in ectomycorrhizal fungal associations, which are positively associated with tree productivity, suggests that stumping can be considered a good management practice for mitigating root disease and promoting tree regeneration.

scholarly journals Soil fungal community structure and seasonal diversity following application of organic amendments of different quality under maize cropping in Zimbabwe

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258227
Author(s):  
Tonny P. Tauro ◽  
Florence Mtambanengwe ◽  
Shensi Mpepereki ◽  
Paul Mapfumo
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
The Impact

Recent advocacy for Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) in smallholder farming systems in east and southern Africa show substantial evidence of increased and sustained crop yields associated with enhanced soil productivity. However, the impact ISFM on soil fungi has received limited attention, yet fungi play key roles in crop growth. Following total soil DNA extraction with ZR soil microbe miniprep kit, illumina sequencing was used to, examine the fungal communities (ITS1F) under a maize crop following co-application of organic nutrient resources including Crotalaria juncea, cattle manure and maize stover with inorganic fertilizers at three-time periods (T1-December, T2-January, and T3-February) in Zimbabwe. Ninety-five fungal species were identified that were assigned to Ascomycota (>90%), Basidiomycota (7%) and Zygomycota (1%). At T1, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified across treatments, with Ascomycota attaining > 93% frequency. Fungal succession was noted and involved reduction of Ascomycota coupled by increase in Basidiomycota under the different treatments. For example at T3, Basidiomycota increased to 34% while Ascomycota declined to 66% under manure but remained unchanged in other two organics. Pre-season mineral nitrogen (N) associated with the ‘Birch effect’ apparently influenced the fungal community structure at T1 while readily available fertilizer N was critical at T2 and T3. The low-quality maize stover promoted the presence of Exophiala sp SST 2011 and this was linked to N immobilization. The impact of N addition was more pronounced under medium (manure) to low-quality (maize stover) resources. Fungi required phosphorus (P) and N for survival while their proliferation was dependent on substrate availability linked to resource quality. Interactive-forward test indicated that soil available P and N were most influential (P < 0.05) factors shaping fungal communities. Co-application of medium to high quality organic and inorganic resources show promise as a sustainable entry point towards enhancing belowground fungal diversity critical in driving nutrient supply.

scholarly journals High Fungal Diversity but Low Seasonal Dynamics and Ectomycorrhizal Abundance in a Mountain Beech Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gorfer ◽  
Mathias Mayer ◽  
Harald Berger ◽  
Boris Rewald ◽  
Claudia Tallian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Forest Stands

AbstractForests on steep slopes constitute a significant proportion of European mountain areas and are important as production and protection forests. This study describes the soil fungal community structure in a European beech-dominated mountain forest stands in the Northern Calcareous Alps and investigates how it is determined by season and soil properties. Samples were collected at high spatial resolution in an area of ca. 100 m × 700 m in May (spring) and August (summer). Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2-region revealed distinct patterns for the soil fungal communities. In contrast to other studies from temperate European beech forest stands, Ascomycota dominated the highly diverse fungal community, while ectomycorrhizal fungi were of lower abundance. Russulaceae, which are often among the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with European beech, were absent from all samples. Potentially plant pathogenic fungi were more prevalent than previously reported. Only subtle seasonal differences were found between fungal communities in spring and summer. Especially, dominant saprotrophic taxa were largely unaffected by season, while slightly stronger effects were observed for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Soil characteristics like pH and organic carbon content, on the other hand, strongly shaped abundant taxa among the saprotrophic fungal community.

scholarly journals Evolution of fungal community associated with ready-to-eat pineapple during storage under different temperature conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanthia Manthou ◽  
Gwendoline Coeuret ◽  
Stephane Chaillou ◽  
George-John E. Nychas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe international market of fresh-cut products has witnessed dramatic growth in recent years, stimulated by consumer’s demand for healthy, nutritious and convenient foods. One of the main challenging issues for the quality and safety of these products is the potential microbial spoilage that can significantly reduce their shelf-life. The complete identification of fresh-cut product microbiota together with the evaluation of environmental factors impact on microbial composition is of primary importance. We therefore assessed the fungal communities associated with the spoilage of ready-to-eat (RTE) pineapple using a metagenetic amplicon sequencing approach, based on the ITS2 region. Our results revealed a significant variability on fungal species composition between the different batches of RTE pineapple. The initial microbiota composition was the main influencing factor and determined the progress of spoilage. Temperature and storage time were the secondary factors influencing spoilage and their impact was depending on the initial prevalent fungal species, which showed different responses to the various modifications. Our results strongly suggest that further large-scale sampling of RTE pineapple production should be conducted in order to assess the full biodiversity range of fungal community involved in the spoilage process and for unravelling the impact of important environmental factors shaping the initial microbiota.

scholarly journals Assembly processes lead to divergent soil fungal communities within and among twelve forest ecosystems along a latitudinal gradient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Niu-Niu Ji ◽  
Yong-Long Wang ◽  
Cheng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Natural Forests

Latitudinal gradients provide opportunities to better understand soil fungal community assembly and its relationship with vegetation, climate, soil and ecosystem function. We quantified the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in structuring soil fungal communities using patterns of community dissimilarity observed within and between twelve natural forests. The results revealed that whole fungal communities and communities of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi consistently exhibited divergent patterns but with less divergence for ectomycorrhizal fungi at most sites. Within those forests, no clear relationships were observed between the degree of divergence within fungal and plant communities. When comparing communities at larger spatial scales, among the twelve forests, we observed distinct separation in all three fungal groups among tropical, subtropical and temperate biomes. Soil fungal β-diversity patterns between forests were greater when comparing forests exhibiting high habitat turnover, with these patterns being driven to a greater extent in each fungal group by temperature, soil pH, soil carbon and plant community composition than by geographic distance. Taken together, although large-scale community turnover could be attributed to specific environmental drivers, strong divergence during community assembly in forest soils at local scales limits the predictability of fungal community assembly outcomes.

scholarly journals Scale-dependent influences of distance and vegetation on the composition of aboveground and belowground tropical fungal communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Boraks ◽  
Gregory M. Plunkett ◽  
Thomas Doro ◽  
Frazer Alo ◽  
Chanel Sam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractFungi provide essential ecosystem services and engage in a variety of symbiotic relationships with trees. In this study, we investigate the spatial relationship of trees and fungi at a community level. We characterized the spatial dynamics for above- and belowground fungi using a series of forest monitoring plots, at nested spatial scales, located in the tropical South Pacific. Fungal communities exhibited strong distance decay of similarity across our entire sampling range (3–110,000 m), and also at small spatial scales (< 50 m). Unexpectedly, this pattern was inverted at an intermediate scale (3.7–26 km). At large scales (80–110 km), belowground and aboveground fungal communities responded inversely to increasing geographic distance. Aboveground fungal community turnover (beta diversity) was best explained, at all scales, by geographic distance. In contrast, belowground fungal community turnover was best explained by geographic distance at small scales, and tree community composition at large scales. We demonstrate scale-dependent spatial dynamics of fungal communities, synchronous spatial dynamics for trees and fungi, and the varying influence of habitat versus geographic distance in structuring Soil, Selaginella sp., and Understory fungal communities.

scholarly journals Response of Fungal Communities to Fire in a Subtropical Peatland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqing Tian ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Rytas Vilgalys ◽  
Mengchi Ho ◽  
Neal Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose: Wildfire, an increasing disturbance in peatlands, could dramatically change carbon stocks and reshape plant/microbial communities, with long-lasting effects on peatland functions. Soil fungi are important in controlling the belowground carbon and nutrient cycling in peatlands; however, the impact of altered fire regimes on these fungi is still unclear. Methods: Here we assessed fungal abundance, composition, and diversity across four soil depths (0–5 cm, 6–10 cm, 11–15 cm, 16–20 cm) under low-intensity and high-intensity fire in a subtropical peatland in the southeastern USA. Results: Low-intensity fire significantly increased fungal Shannon diversity and the saprotrophic fungal composition in the 0–5 cm soil layer immediately and then retracted within 2 years. Such hump-shaped pattern, however, were not observed in deeper soils. The dominant fungal class Archaeorhizomycetes declined initially and then returned to pre-low-intensity fires levels at 0–5 cm depths. Time since low-intensity fire was a primary driver of fungal composition in the 0–10 cm soil depth, while geographical distance among sites affected the deeper soils (11–20 cm). The fungal Shannon diversity failed to recover to the unburned state even after 30 years after high-intensity fire, especially in 6–20 cm soil depths. Stratification patterns of the fungal community was diminished by high-intensity fire. Soil properties (either phenolics or carbon) were the primary drivers in shaping fungal community reassembly after high-intensity fire across all soil depths. Conclusion: Collectively, the fungal communities seem to be highly resilient to low-intensity fire, but not to high-intensity fire in our shrub bog peatlands.

scholarly journals Shifts in community composition and co-occurrence patterns of phyllosphere fungi inhabiting Mussaenda shikokiana along an elevation gradient

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qian ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Guo ◽  
Dan He ◽  
Miaomiao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Phyllosphere Fungi ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

The altitudinal effects on the distributions of phyllosphere fungal assemblages in conspecific plants remain poorly elucidated. To address this, phyllosphere fungal communities associated with Mussaenda shikokiana were investigated at four sites across a 350 m elevation gradient in a subtropical forest by employing Illumina metabarcoding of the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Our results demonstrated that phyllosphere fungal assemblages with a single host possessed high taxonomic diversity and multiple trophic guilds. OTU richness was significantly influenced by elevation. The elevation gradient also entailed distinct shifts in the community composition of phyllosphere fungi, which was significantly related to geographical distance and mean annual temperature (MAT). Additionally, comparison of phyllosphere fungal networks showed reduced connectivity with increasing elevation. Our data provide insights on the distribution and interactions of the phyllosphere fungal community associated with a single host along a short elevation gradient.

scholarly journals Responses of Soil Fungal Communities to Lime Application in Wheat Fields in the Pacific Northwest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuntao Yin ◽  
Daniel C. Schlatter ◽  
Duncan R. Kroese ◽  
Timothy C. Paulitz ◽  
Christina H. Hagerty
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
The Impact

Liming is an effective agricultural practice and is broadly used to ameliorate soil acidification in agricultural ecosystems. Our understanding of the impacts of lime application on the soil fungal community is scarce. In this study, we explored the responses of fungal communities to liming at two locations with decreasing soil pH in Oregon in the Pacific Northwest using high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Our results revealed that the location and liming did not significantly affect soil fungal diversity and richness, and the impact of soil depth on fungal diversity varied among locations. In contrast, location and soil depth had a strong effect on the structure and composition of soil fungal communities, whereas the impact of liming was much smaller, and location- and depth-dependent. Interestingly, families Lasiosphaeriaceae, Piskurozymaceae, and Sordariaceae predominated in the surface soil (0–7.5 cm) and were positively correlated with soil OM and aluminum, and negatively correlated with pH. The family Kickxellaceae which predominated in deeper soil (15–22.5 cm), had an opposite response to soil OM. Furthermore, some taxa in Ascomycota, such as Hypocreales, Peziza and Penicillium, were increased by liming at one of the locations (Moro). In conclusion, these findings suggest that fungal community structure and composition rather than fungal diversity responded to location, soil depth and liming. Compared to liming, location and depth had a stronger effect on the soil fungal community, but some specific fungal taxa shifted with lime application.

scholarly journals Organs, Cultivars, Soil, and Fruit Properties Affect Structure of Endophytic Mycobiota of Pinggu Peach Trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren ◽  
Dong ◽  
Yan
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Peach Trees

Pinggu peach (Prunus persica (L.)) has great economic and ecological value in north China. As a plant, the peach is naturally colonized by a variety of endophytic fungi, which are very important for tree growth and health. However, the mycobiota composition and their affecting factors of the peach trees are still unknown. In our study, the fungal communities in flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of the three cultivars (Dajiubao, Qingfeng, and Jingyan) of Pinggu peach trees and in the rhizosphere soils were investigated by both Illumina Miseq sequencing of ITS rDNA and traditional culturing methods. For organs, except for roots, flowers had the highest fungal richness and diversity, while the leaves had the lowest richness and diversity. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant phyla among samples. The fungal assemblage composition of each organ was distinctive. Fungal communities of the three cultivars also differed from each other. The fungal community structure significantly correlated with soil pH, soil K, fruit soluble solid content, and fruit titratable acidity with the redundancy analysis (RDA). Most isolated fungal strains can be found within high-throughput sequencing identified taxa. This study indicates that plant organs, the cultivars, the soil, and fruit properties may have profound effects on the endophytic fungal community structure associated with Pinggu peach trees. With this study, microbiota-mediated pathogen protection and fruit quality promotion associated with peach trees could be further studied.

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