The impact of faults on the geomorphology of the Earth’s crust: case study of faults impacts on the geomorphology of Lar Valley, Northeast of Tehran (Iran)

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
A. Khorsandi ◽  
T. Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Local seismicity alterations in the South Yakutia mining region due to the technogenic impact on its geological environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04019
Author(s):  
Nikolay Grib ◽  
Valery Imaev ◽  
Galina Grib ◽  
Lyudmila Imaeva ◽  
Igor Kolodeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
The South ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Earthquake Energy ◽  
Technogenic Impact ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Impact

Impulse loads, arising due to the high natural seismicity of the South Yakutia region, exercise both direct and indirect effects on the upper part of the Earth's crust during industrial explosions. The direct effects result from nonlinear displacements caused by the blast wave and the subsequent formation of new disturbances. The indirect effects arise due to the activation of structural elements along geological contacts, leading to the emergence of technogenic seismicity foci. The foci of induced seismicity are either confined to the blast points, or located along the tectonic structures crossing quarry fields. The technogenic impact on the geological environment transforms the independent local seismic process, since explosions trigger a chain of local seismic events. The near-surface layers of the Earth's crust become activated in the area of dynamic influence of active faults. Under the influence of explosions, both the number of seismic events and the average level of released energy alter. Impulse loads on the geological environment lead to a spatial redistribution of the foci of low-energy (K <7) earthquakes. The main form of the geodynamic development of seismogenic faults is the movement of their sides in the form of mutual “slippage”. Seismic events are manifested only when the aforementioned form of deformation is impossible or difficult to develop, in other words, when the stress-state areas of the Earth's crust develop. Therefore, the shaking impact of blasts can be considered as a factor contributing to the predominance of aseismic forms of fault motion in the form of smooth slippage of their sides. In conclusion, the impact of industrial blasts can not only activate faults around the mining area, but also have an unloading effect on the foci of seismic hazard forming in the interior, i.e. the redistribution of earthquake energy in terms of reducing earthquake energy class.

scholarly journals Probing the hydrothermal system of the Chicxulub impact crater

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. eaaz3053 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Kring ◽  
Sonia M. Tikoo ◽  
Martin Schmieder ◽  
Ulrich Riller ◽  
Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Scientific Drilling ◽  
Chicxulub Impact Crater ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
International Ocean Discovery Program ◽  
Geomagnetic Polarity ◽  
Chicxulub Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Yellowstone Caldera

The ~180-km-diameter Chicxulub peak-ring crater and ~240-km multiring basin, produced by the impact that terminated the Cretaceous, is the largest remaining intact impact basin on Earth. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364 drilled to a depth of 1335 m below the sea floor into the peak ring, providing a unique opportunity to study the thermal and chemical modification of Earth’s crust caused by the impact. The recovered core shows the crater hosted a spatially extensive hydrothermal system that chemically and mineralogically modified ~1.4 × 105 km3 of Earth’s crust, a volume more than nine times that of the Yellowstone Caldera system. Initially, high temperatures of 300° to 400°C and an independent geomagnetic polarity clock indicate the hydrothermal system was long lived, in excess of 106 years.

The impact of temperature change on stress deformed state of a main pipeline surrounded by a viscous medium and affected by thrusts and dislocations of the Earth’s crust

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
M.I. Davletov ◽  
Yu.V. Kazantsev ◽  
A.G. Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Viscous Medium ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Constraint Forces ◽  
Deformed State ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Excess Internal Pressure

The present investigation concerns the movement and stress deformed state of a main pipeline with excess internal pressure surrounded by a highly viscous medium under changing temperature and also in the case of thrusts and dislocations of the Earth’s crust. Account is taken of constraint forces occurred due to excess internal pressure and temperature change.

scholarly journals Formation of defused stress areas in the Earth’s crust of the Kola region and associated environmental risks in capital construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
VT Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Tangential Stresses ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Deformed State ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Capital Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This work has been carried out using methods of numerical modeling to detect weakened zones in the basement of the region in regard to the construction and economic human activities. For this purpose, we have constructed quantitative models of the stressed-deformed state of the Earth’s crust in the region considering its evolution. Determined for the first time are the structures that accumulated a tectonic-magmatic activity and produced mobile-permeable zones in the Precambrian mainly. For the first time, we have found an interrelation between localities of deep fractures (activation areas) and the stressed-deformed state of the Earth’s crust caused by the impact of regional tangential stresses. Most of mineral deposits are located within the identified weakened zones of the geological basement. Economic activity of the population is concentrated there, which affects the ecological situation in the region. In addition, most of the territory where the mobile-permeable areas are detected in the basement is overlapped by known seismogenic zones of the region. Consequently, seismic events with an increased level of magnitude are more often generated in these areas due to the detente of interblock stresses in the geological environment. The provided research indicates the necessity of studying the general geological structure of the region and identifying setting areas of ancient deep deformation structures in design and construction of the major industrial, road, hydraulic engineering and other objects.

scholarly journals Influence of Geophysical Signals on Coordinate Variations GNSS Permanent Stations in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Adrian Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
Station Coordinates ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Periodic Components

Abstract This article presents an analysis of the extent of the impact of deformations of the earth’s crust resulting from geophysical models on changes in the coordinates of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. The author presents the results of analyses of the spatial correlation coefficient of deformation components for the non-tidal atmospheric loading (NTAL), non-tidal ocean loading (NTOL) and hydrological loading (HYDRO) models of geophysical deformation. In addition, the author calculated the correlation coefficients between station’s coordinate series to determine whether the deformations of the earth’s crust have a more global, large-area (regional scale) or local-range (local scale) impact, limited to the nearest of stations. In addition to correlation coefficients, the author analysed the similarity in periodic components between station coordinates by calculating the coherence between them. The results of the analysis showed that for the height components (Up), we observe the global range of deformation models, and the NTAL deformation has the greatest influence on the change in them. The lack of correlation between coordinate signals for horizontal components may result from specific local conditions in the place of the station, low-resolution of geophysical models and small amplitudes of these signals in relation to noise. An analysis of the coherence coefficients showed that each station coordinates shows completely different periodic components in the North, East and Up directions.

scholarly journals Influence of development of raw hydrocarbon deposits on the geodynamic state and seismic regime of the Earth's crust in the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Maksim Nesterenko ◽  
Oksana Kapustina ◽  
Sergey Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Seismic Regime ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of field development on the geody-namic state and seismic activity of the earth's crust of the Southern Urals, were compared in field development, anthropogenic changes in the bowels of district fields with the level of seismic ac-tivity, correlation between indicators of development of deposits and the parameters of the seis-mic activity of the earth's crust and the statistical analysis of the seismic regime of the area de-posits of hydrocarbon raw materials. Correlation analysis of field development indicators and seismic activity parameters revealed an almost linear relationship (r>0.9) between reservoir pres-sure and the number of events (including low-energy pulse events) and a close relationship be-tween the average debit and the number of events. A model of the seismic activity of hydrocar-bon deposits in the Southern Urals is constructed in the form of a set of graphs of the frequency of seismic events and changes in their angle of inclination. The constructed model indicates a change in the nature of seismic activity in the subsurface of the field area, which consists in a de-crease in the energy of events and an increase in their number. The cyclical nature of seismic ac-tivity on the territory of the Orenburg oil and gas condensate field (OOGCF) is revealed. Current-ly, there is an accumulation of stress associated with the continued drop in reservoir pressure during the field operation and natural tectonic processes against the background of a decrease in the rate of hydrocarbon production. Reducing production volumes at OOGCF does not reduce the man-made load on the Earth's crust, but reduces the rate of stress accumulation. This leads to a decrease in the energy of seismic events and an increase in their number (taking into account the pulses).

scholarly journals The Impact of Guiding Materials on Students’ Conceptual Understanding: The Case of "What Is the Earth's Crust Composed of?"

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Tülay Şenel Çoruhlu ◽  
Sibel Er Nas
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Impact ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the use of guidance material based on the 5E model on students’ conceptual understanding of a topic entitled "What is the earth’s crust composed of?”. The sample consists of 40 students from the 5th grade (experimental group 20, control group 20). A concept test, a drawing test, and semi-structured interview questions were used for data collection. In the experiment group, guidance material prepared according to the 5E model was used; the control group was conducted using the existing textbook. Student responses were examined in terms of the following categories: complete understanding, partial understanding, alternative concept, no response or irrelevant responses. The quantitative data obtained from the experimental and the control groups were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Content analysis was used to analyze students’ drawings. In conclusion, it was determined that the guidance materials developed according to 5E model have a positive effect (U=76.00, p<.05) on students' conceptual understanding about the topic entitled "What is the earth’s crust composed of?”.

scholarly journals First Results of Time Series Analysis of the Permanent GNSS Observations at Polish EPN Stations Using GipsyX Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Adam Łyszkowicz ◽  
Renata Pelc-Mieczkowska ◽  
Anna Bernatowicz ◽  
Stepan Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gnss Observations

Abstract The aim of this work is to explore, for the first time in Poland, the possibility of determining Earth’s crust movements from permanent observations at selected permanent stations using the GipsyX software for a period of 8 years (2011–2018) in the ITRF2014 reference frame. The data used in this work are from 15 Aktywna Sieć Geodezyjna (ASG)-EUPOS stations from 2011 to 2018, which are also European Permanent Network (EPN) stations. The stations Borowa Góra, Borowiec, Józefosław, Lamkówko, and Wroclaw are also International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations. Daily data, rinex files, for these stations have been made available for this work by the Main Office of Surveying and Cartography. The calculations were made using the GipsyX software in the ITRF14 reference frame. The tests performed have shown that daily solutions from 8-year-long time series give secular trends with an accuracy of 0.01 mm/yr. Our results suggest that there are small differences in horizontal and vertical velocities and in the accuracy estimated between our and EPN solutions. At some stations, for example, Łódź, the differences are much larger. The impact of additional GNSS observations on the accuracy of determination of horizontal and vertical movements of the Earth’s crust shows a submillimeter accuracy in computed coordinates of stations even at a relatively small time interval. It means that multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing can be used in the future for the estimation of geodynamic processes.

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