scholarly journals Osseous defect of the anteroinferior femoral head: is it associated with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca K. Boldt ◽  
Benjamin Fritz ◽  
Patrick O. Zingg ◽  
Reto Sutter ◽  
Christian W. A. Pfirrmann
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Femoral Torsion ◽  
Femoral Antetorsion ◽  
Osseous Defect ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective To evaluate the prevalence, morphology, and clinical significance of a repeatedly observed yet not examined circumscript osseous defect at the anteroinferior aspect of the femoral head, termed femoral head defect. Materials and methods Retrospective study with approval of the institutional review board. There was informed consent by all individuals. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hip examinations of 970 individuals (age 15 to 55) were analyzed for femoral head defect. Patients with femoral head defect were matched for age and gender with patients without defect. Two readers independently assessed MRI images regarding presence, location, and morphology of the defect. MR images and radiographs were analyzed for findings of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Femoral torsion was measured. Independent t test and chi-square test were used for statistics. Results Sixty-eight (7%) of 970 MRI examinations exhibited a femoral head defect in an anteroinferior location of the femoral head (29/400 men, 7.3%; 39/570 women, 6.8%; p = 0.8). The most frequent morphology of femoral head defect was type I, dent-like (34; 50%), followed by type II, crater-like (27; 40%), and III, cystic (7; 10%). Femoral head defect was slightly more common on the right hip (39 individuals; 57%) compared to left (29 individuals; 43%), non-significantly (p = 0.115). There was no association between FAI or its subtypes and the presence of femoral head defect (p = 0.890). Femoral antetorsion was reduced in patients with femoral head defect (12.9° ± 8.6) compared to patients without defect (15.2° ± 8.5), without statistical significance (p = 0.121). Conclusion The femoral head defect is a common finding in MRI examinations of the hip and is situated in the anteroinferior location. There was no association with FAI yet a non-significant trend towards lower femoral antetorsion in patients with femoral head defects.

scholarly journals Comparative histochemical and morphometric analysis of muscle fibers of the psoas muscle in individuals of both genders with ageing

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Vladimir Antic ◽  
Nenad Stojiljkovic ◽  
Milorad Antic
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Iliopsoas Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Right

Background/Aim. In this paper, we analyzed type I and type II muscle fibers of the iliopsoas muscle in persons of both genders with ageing. The aim of this study was to detect the presence and distribution of types I and II muscle fibers in the human psoas muscle using the hematoxylin and eosin method in individuals of different ages and genders. Methods. The material consisted of tissue samples of the right iliopsoas muscle taken from 30 adult cadavers (18 males and 12 females), aged from 30 to 90 years, divided into three age groups. The material was obtained from the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis. Results. The values of astereological parameters (area, perimeter and Feret's diameter) of type I and type II muscle fibers were higher in male cases, although without any statistical significance. Conclusion. Based on the histochemical and morphometric analysis, the conclusion was drawn that after 70 years of life there occurred a loss of type II muscle fibers, more conspicuous in female cases.

Analyzing Group Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Charles Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Incorrect Decision ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Statistical Process Control Charts

This chapter covers tests of statistical significance that can be used to compare data across phases. These are used to determine whether observed outcomes are likely the result of an intervention or, more likely, the result of chance. The purpose of a statistical test is to determine how likely it is that the analyst is making an incorrect decision by rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternative one. A number of tests of significance are presented in this chapter: statistical process control charts (SPCs), proportion/frequency, chi-square, the conservative dual criteria (CDC), robust conservative dual criteria (RCDC), the t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). How and when to use each of these are also discussed. The method for transforming autocorrelated data and merging data sets is discussed. Once new data sets are created using the Append() function, they can be tested for Type I error using the techniques discussed in the chapter.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRY OF THE EXTERNAL EAR AMONG ADULT IJAWS IN BAYELSA STATE OF NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
E. I. Edibamode ◽  
K. Mordi ◽  
L. K. David ◽  
A. M. Eghoi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background. External ear measurement is of utmost importance in reconstructive surgeries. Objectives. The present study is aimed at ascertaining sexual dimorphism in external ear anthropometry and ear lobe attachments among adults Ijaws in Bayelsa, Nigeria. Methods. A total of 112 adults within the age range of 18-50 yrs, who met the inclusion criteria, were involved in the study. Four linear dimensions of the ear, which are ear length (EL), ear width (EW), lobular length (LL) and lobular width (LW), were measured for both genders. The lobular attachment for both ears for males and females were also examined and results recorded. These data were subjected to Student t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation using SPSS version 20.0. Results. The mean values for EL, EW, LL, and LW for the left auricle in the males and females were 58.14±0.60, 27.41±0.37, 14.47±0.27, 13.50±0.34 and 57.90±0.16, 27.45±0.65, 15.41±0.31, 13.43±0.38 respectively. However, for the right auricle in the males and females, the values were 58.40±0.45, 28.21±0.68, 14.32±0.31, 13.04±0.32, and 56.66±1.10, 27.51±0.65, 15.58±0.29, 13.28±0.34 respectively. The left and right lobular length were the only parameters that proved statistical significance (p<0.05) in females compare to males. Pearson’s correlations between right and left sides for each of the parameters were positive and significant. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship (p>0.05) between earlobe attachments and gender. Conclusions. Sexual dimorphism was thus established in the Ijaw population as regards lobular length dimensions. It is believed that the results of this study would be very useful for ear morphology and reconstructive surgeries.

scholarly journals Analysis of anatomy and configuration of the canal system of the maxillary second premolar in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Brankica Davidović ◽  
Ljiljana Bjelović ◽  
Igor Radović ◽  
Bojana Davidović ◽  
Svjetlana Janković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction. Successful endodontic treatment depends upon the clinician's knowledge and ability to recognize and diagnose the presence of anatomical and morphological variations of the root and canal system. The aim of this study was to establish the number of roots and root canal configurations of the maxillary second premolar in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The study sample was comprised of 150 maxillary second premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic or prosthetic reasons. Endodontic drills were used for trepanation of cavum dentis, and the number and patency of each root canal were determined by Kexpander # 15. Then, the samples were decalcified, made transparent and colored, to enable 3D viewing of the canal system. Decalcified teeth were observed from two projections (clinical and approximal) and analyzed in detail with a magnifying glass under 3 × and 5 × magnification in order to determine the number of roots, number of canals, root canal configuration using Vertucci's classification and number of anastomoses between canals. Statistical significance was obtained using Chi-square test. Results. The results obtained by decalcification of the teeth showed that, by radiographic analysis from the clinical projection, all the teeth had a single root. While, by the analysis from the approximal projection, 94.0% had one, 6.0% two roots. From the approximal projection, 70.7% with a single root canal and 29.3% with two root canals are visualized. The most common type of root canal configuration in the maxillary second premolars was Type I in both clinical (87.9%) and approximal projection (40.7%). Conclusion. These results emphasize the importance of knowing the variations in root canal morphology, because excluding the possibility of morphological variations can lead to failure of endodontic therapy

scholarly journals Toward Personalized Medicine Implementation: Survey of Military Medicine Providers in the Area of Pharmacogenomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse DeLuca ◽  
Daniel Selig ◽  
Lucas Poon ◽  
Jeffrey Livezey ◽  
Thomas Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Knowledge Question ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Personalized medicine is the right treatment, to the right patient, at the right dose. Knowledge of genetic predisposition to variable metabolism and distribution of drugs within the body is currently available as pharmacogenomic testing and is one of the pillars of personalized medicine. Pharmacogenomic testing is growing. It has become part of guidelines for dosing on FDA labels and has been used by health care organizations to improve outcomes and reduce adverse events. Additionally, it has been FDA approved for direct-to-consumer purchase and has been cause of concern of patient self-dosing and medication changes. Presumably in the near future, pharmacogenomics will be impressed upon the military health system (MHS) provider from either a top-down, command requested, or from a bottom-up, patient requested, approach. To date, widespread implementation of pharmacogenomic testing does not seem to be established within the MHS. This survey sheds light on the knowledge, exposure, use, comfort, and interest among family medicine providers in the MHS. It compares similar results in other national and international surveys and compares results among a small subset of residents to staff. Materials and Methods The questions were part of a larger survey conducted by the Clinical Investigations Committee of the Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians (USAFP) at the USAFP 2019 annual meeting. The study received approval from the Uniformed Services University Institutional Review Board. Submitted questions were written using multiple choice, fill-in, five-point Likert scale, and best answer. Direct results are reported as well as chi-square statistics for categorical data with statistical significance to attain a P-value of &lt; 0.05. Results Among the 532 USAFP-registered conference attendees eligible to complete the survey, 387 attendees responded to the survey, for a response rate of 72.7%. Some results included were a knowledge question in which 37% of respondents answered correctly. Less than half of respondents agreed that they could define pharmacogenomics, and resident respondents were more likely to have received teaching in graduate medical education. Additionally, 12% of providers responded to being exposed to direct-to-consumer results, and 28% of those exposed were influenced to change medications, while 14% were influenced to change medications on multiple occasions. Chi-square comparisons resulted in statistically significant direct relationships to exposure to direct to consumer testing, previous training, and confidence of those that answered the knowledge question correctly. Conclusions This survey establishes a baseline for the possible needs associated with implementation of a pharmacogenomic program, and it argues an actionable level for the use of pharmacogenomics among the patient population within the MHS.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Diagnostic Value of Several Methods for the Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang liu ◽  
Qingyu Kong ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Shimin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: In recent years, patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been reported to be strongly associated with embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS), including cryptogenic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), migraine, and so on.The aim of this research was to compare the sensitivity and positive predictive value of contrast transcranial Doppler (c-TCD), contrast- transthoracic echocardiography (c-TTE) versus contrast- transesophageal echocardiography (c-TEE), to find which is the best method to diagnose patent foramen ovale (PFO), provides reference for the further improvement of clinical. Methods: We investigated 161 patients who suffered from migraine, cryptogenic stroke, TIA, and cerebral infarction of unknown cause, all patients underwent the transcatheter examination, and put the results of the right heart catheterization (RHC) as the gold standard for PFO diagnosis. A chi-square test was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity between the three methods. A P value of <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: The present study revealed that c-TTE with the Valsalva maneuver yielded a higher sensitivity in detecting PFO-RLS, but the rate of misdetection might be higher than c-TCD. Conclusions: For the suspected patients, can examine with c-TCD first, if we get the positive results, then c-TTE and c-TEE should be taking to further confirmed. These findings may be helpful in the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale in practice.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: indication, morbidity and outcome at Hopital General Idrissa Pouye

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Modou Ndiaye ◽  
Mouhamed Jalloh ◽  
Madina Ndoye ◽  
Samba Thiapato Faye ◽  
Saint Charles Nabab Kouka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Guided Biopsy ◽  
Total Psa ◽  
Ultrasound Guided Biopsy

Abstract Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided prostate biopsy has a higher sensitivity than the ultrasound-guided biopsy, but its realization requires a dedicated interventional MRI, specific material, which is not available in our context; hence, ultrasound-guided biopsy remains of great interest. Currently, ultrasound-guided biopsy outside of a clinical trial is the gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The objective of our work is to evaluate our practice of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy using an endorectal probe by describing the technique and evaluating the morbidity and results. Methods This is a descriptive study of ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsies performed over a 2-year period. The parameters studied were frequency of the procedure, age, rectal examination findings, total PSA level, prostate biopsy morbidities and results. Descriptive statistics were performed, and comparison of qualitative variables was made by the Chi-square test with statistical significance set for α < 5% Results Two hundred and thirty-one patients were included over a two-year period. The mean age of our patients was 65 ± 8.2 years. Rectal examination finding was suspicious in 36.9% and the median total PSA was 19.8 ng/ml (0.1-5936 ng/ml). Seventy-seven percent of patients reported their pathology results. Prostatic adenocarcinoma was the most common finding accounting for 53.7% of results. Complications were observed in 16 patients (6.9%) with a predominance of initial hematuria, voiding pain and fever. Conclusion In our series, the cancer detection rate was significant and the complications rate was acceptable at 6.9%.

scholarly journals Assessment of root morphology and canal configuration of maxillary premolars in a Saudi subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomographic study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad M. Al‑Zubaidi ◽  
Moazzy I. Almansour ◽  
Nada N. Al Mansour ◽  
Ahad S. Alshammari ◽  
Ahad F. Alshammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
The Right ◽  
Canal Morphology

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to use CBCT to look into the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate the results to existing canal morphology classifications. Methods The sample size for this analysis was 500 right and left untreated maxillary first and second premolars with fully formed roots from 250 Saudi residents (125 male and 125 female). The following observations were made using CBCT on the teeth related: (1) The number and morphology of roots; (2) The canal morphology for each root according to Vertucci's classification. The frequency and similarities between the right and left sides, as well as between females and males, were studied. The Chi-square test was used to assess the results. Results Of the 500 maxillary first premolars studied, 199 teeth had one root (39.8%), whilst 293 (58.6%) were two-rooted. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars were found in 8 (1.6%). For maxillary second premolars, 416 premolars had one root (83.2%), whilst 79 (15.8%) had two roots and the rest 5 (1.0%) were three roots. There were significant differences of number of root were found between groups (p > 0.05). For maxillary first premolar, Type IV was the most frequent, accounting for 57.8% of the sample (n = 289), followed by type II (32.8%, n = 164). For maxillary second premolar, Type I was mainly occurrence 302 (60.4%), followed by Type II (16.4%, n = 82). Conclusions The majority of maxillary first premolars had two roots and two root canals, while one root and one root canal was the most common anatomical configuration for maxillary second premolars. Additional canal forms do occur on occasion, and clinicians should pay close attention to them.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dens invaginatus in young Israeli population and its association with clinical morphological features of maxillary incisors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anda Kfir ◽  
Nurit Flaisher Salem ◽  
Lobna Natour ◽  
Zvi Metzger ◽  
Noa Sadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Israeli Population ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Maxillary Incisors ◽  
Dens Invaginatus

Abstract Dens invaginatus is an anomaly mostly observed in maxillary incisors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dens invaginatus in maxillary incisors in young Israeli population and to study its potential association with clinical coronal morphological features. Data was collected from periapical radiographs and clinical photographs of patients from Orthodontics Department between 2006 and 2018. Radiographic characteristics were evaluated and compared to clinical coronal morphological features. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson chi-square test with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The sample included 1621 maxillary incisors from 547 patients. Dens invaginatus was observed in 422 (26%) of these teeth. Maxillary lateral incisors were more affected than central incisors. In 103 patients dens invaginatus was unilateral, while in all other cases it was bilateral. Unique clinical morphological characteristics were observed in 88% of the teeth that exhibited radiographic evidence of dens invaginatus. Dens invaginatus Type I was most frequently observed, accounting for 90% of the teeth. A significant association between clinical coronal morphological features and dens invaginatus was detected. Dens invaginatus is common in maxillary incisors of the study population. Several clinical morphological features may predict the presence of dens invaginatus.

scholarly journals Chi-square and F Ratio: Which should be used when?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Richard L. Gorsuch ◽  
Curtis Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
P Values ◽  
Type I Error Rates ◽  
Criterion Variables

Approximations for Chi-square and F distributions can both be computed to provide a p-value, or probability of Type I error, to evaluate statistical significance. Although Chi-square has been used traditionally for tests of count data and nominal or categorical criterion variables (such as contingency tables) and F ratios for tests of non-nominal or continuous criterion variables (such as regression and analysis of variance), we demonstrate that either statistic can be applied in both situations. We used data simulation studies to examine when one statistic may be more accurate than the other for estimating Type I error rates across different types of analysis (count data/contingencies, dichotomous, and non-nominal) and across sample sizes (Ns) ranging from 20 to 160 (using 25,000 replications for simulating p-value derived from either Chi-squares or F-ratios). Our results showed that those derived from F ratios were generally closer to nominal Type I error rates than those derived from Chi-squares. The p-values derived from F ratios were more consistent for contingency table count data than those derived from Chi-squares. The smaller than 100 the N was, the more discrepant p-values derived from Chi-squares were from the nominal p-value. Only when the N was greater than 80 did the p-values from Chi-square tests become as accurate as those derived from F ratios in reproducing the nominal p-values. Thus, there was no evidence of any need for special treatment of dichotomous dependent variables. The most accurate and/or consistent p's were derived from F ratios. We conclude that Chi-square should be replaced generally with the F ratio as the statistic of choice and that the Chi-square test should only be taught as history.

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