Does coronal oblique length of spleen on CT reflect splenic index?

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1444-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatraman Indiran ◽  
Naorem Vinod Singh ◽  
T. Ramachandra Prasad ◽  
Prabakaran Maduraimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Splenic Index ◽  
Coronal Oblique Length

scholarly journals Experimental visceral leishmaniasis in high and low antibody - producer mice (selection IV-A)

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Jellmayer Fechio ◽  
Angela Maria Victoriano de Campos Soares ◽  
Silvio Luís de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandrina Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Direct Counts

Leishmaniasis is a typical parasite infection whose protective immunity depends on macrophage activation. Susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection was compared in H (high antibody responder) and L (low antibody responder) mice from selection IV-A. H mice infected intravenously with 10(7) amastigotes of L. donovani were more susceptible to infection than their L counterparts. This higher susceptibility was characterized by a higher splenic and hepatic parasite burden. An increased splenic index was observed in both lines after sixty days of infection. This splenomegaly was caused, at least partially, by an increase in the number of splenic cells as determined by direct counts of cells from spleen. The results show that selection IV-A is susceptible to visceral leishmaniasis, with the H line being more susceptible than the L line.

Insights into irr and rirA gene regulation on the virulence of Brucella melitensis M5-90

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Benben Wang ◽  
Wenxing Wu ◽  
Xiaoyu Deng ◽  
Zhiran Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Brucella Species ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Growth Ability

Iron is a fundamental element required by most organisms, including Brucella. Several researchers have suggested that the iron response regulator (irr) and rhizobial iron regulator (rirA) genes regulate iron acquisition by Brucella abortus, influencing heme synthesis by and virulence of this pathogen. However, little is known about another Brucella species, Brucella melitensis. In this research, we successfully constructed two mutants: M5-90Δirr and M5-90ΔrirA. The adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survivability of these two mutants were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells infected with 1 × 106 CFU of M5-90Δirr, M5-90ΔrirA, or M5-90. We also tested the sensitivity of cells to hydrogen peroxide and their ability to grow. In addition, the virulence of these two mutants was evaluated in BALB/c mice. The results showed that the ability of these two mutants to invade and adhere inside the murine macrophages RAW264.7 was attenuated but their ability to replicate intracellularly was strengthened, enhancing the resistance to hydrogen peroxide. The M5-90Δirr mutant showed stronger growth ability than the parental strain under iron-limiting conditions. No differences were observed in the number of bacteria in spleen between M5-90 and M5-90Δirr at 7 or 15 days postinfection. However, the number of M5-90ΔrirA in spleen reduced significantly at 15 days postinfection. The splenic index of the M5-90Δirr group is evidently lower than that of M5-90. This is the first report that irr and rirA genes of B. melitensis are associated not only with virulence but also with growth ability. Together, our data suggest that M5-90Δirr is a promising Brucella vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals Spleen: an organ of multiple shapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Serghei Covantev ◽  
◽  
Rasul Uzdenov ◽  
Daria Turovets ◽  
Olga Belic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Flat Shape ◽  
Wedge Shape ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Common Shape

Introduction: The spleen is located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity. As an organ, the spleen can have various shapes and size. Material and methods: The human spleen was studied in 273 cadavers (154 men and 119 women) who did not have diseases of the spleen. The shape of the spleen was analyzed based on splenic index, Michels classification. Results: The most common shape of the spleen in men is the elongated one. It was encountered in 79 (51.3%) cases out of 154. In women, the most common shape was the intermediate. It was encountered in 51 (42.9%) of the 119 cases. Based on Michels classification the clinoid (wedge) shape was encountered in 102 (37.74%) cases, triangular in 59 (21.83%) and tetrahedral in 30 (11.1%). In 30.26% the shape of the spleen couldn’t be classified according to Michels classification. In 21 cases (7.77%) the spleen had a flat shape; in 27 (9.99%) – dome-shaped; in 1 case (0,37%) – Z-shape; in 18 (6.66%) – round shape; in 6 (2.22%) – irregular shape; in 2 (0.66%) - shape with a node in the hilum; in 1 (0,37%) – rhomboid shape, in 2 (0,74%) – bilobed shape and in 4 cases (1,48%) – lobular shape. The splenic fissures located on the upper edge of the organ were found in 81 (29.91%) cases, and also on the lower edge - in 41 (14.02%) cases. In 13 (4.67%) cases fissures were encountered on both sides. In 148 (51.4%) cases the spleen had no fissures on its surface. Conclusions: The spleen has various shapes beyond the classical wedge, triangular and tetrahedral. All of these shapes do not represent a pathological finding but in certain situation may require further analysis and interpretation depending on the imaging technique and experience of the physician.

scholarly journals Abdominal CT Scan Based Estimation of Splenic Index and Splenic Volume in North Indian Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2749-2753
Author(s):  
Govind Kumar ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Manisha Kumari ◽  
Himanshu Mishra ◽  
Suruthi T.I.
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Splenic Volume ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Background Exposure ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Axial View

BACKGROUND Exposure of various tropical infections and infestations like tuberculosis, filariasis, malaria, anemia, kala-azar and poor sanitation are major health concerns in Bihar and it’s neighboring state. Spleen size increases in several other diseases e.g., metabolism or storage disorder, malignancies and hematological disorders. Determining the normal parameters of spleen is essential for assessment of splenomegaly in routine ultrasonography (USG) or in the computed tomography (CT) scan. In this study, we wanted to estimate the CT based measurement of splenic dimensions in various planes, splenic index (linear dimension) and splenic volume and also to estimate the relationship of splenic index and splenic volume with age, gender and other splenic dimensions. METHODS It was a retrospective study and data was collected from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 154 cases (including both genders) of age range 18 - 60 years were collected from the vitrea system (Vitrea software used for the 3-D assessment of splenic volume) and clinical data was collected from the medical record section. CT scan data of only those patients were included who had the clinical history of pain in abdomen, abdominal trauma or other diseases not affecting the spleen. Various measurements including splenic length and thickness at hilum and maximum thickness in axial view and height (maximum interpolar and true vertical height) in coronal views were recorded. RESULTS 154 cases including both gender and age range of 18 - 60 years were included in our study. There were 60 males and 94 females. The average age of the male and female patients was 45.93 +/- 15.19 years and 45.87 +/- 15.12 years respectively. The mean splenic dimensions were 9.03 +/- 1.49 cm in length (axial view), 3.69 +/- 0.05 cm thickness at hilum (axial view) and 9.05 +/- 2.23 cm maximum craniocaudal length and 7.9 +/- 2.96 cm true vertical length (coronal view). Mean splenic index and mean splenic volume were 340.30 +/- 107.39 cm3 and 227.02 +/- 62.22 cm3 respectively. There was statistically significant correlation between splenic volume and maximum craniocaudal length (r2 = 0.4848, P = 0.001), maximum axial length (r2 = 0.4765, P < 0.001) and true vertical length (r2 = 0.3142, P = 0.001) with 95 % confidence interval. For all splenic measurements, there was stronger correlation with maximum craniocaudal length followed by maximum axial length. However, there was no statistically significant correlation either of splenic volume with age in either gender (r2 = 0.019, P = 0.043) or splenic index with age in either gender present (r2 = 0.016, P = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS Maximum splenic length both in coronal (craniocaudal) and axial sections are positively and strongly correlated with splenic volume and splenic index but age of the individuals doesn’t show any correlation either with the splenic volume or with splenic index. Hence, a regional reference of splenic parameters was established with a slightly different range of values reported previously. KEY WORDS Splenic Volume, Splenic Index, Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Hematologic changes and splenic index on malaria mice models given Syzygium cumini extract as an adjuvant therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Lilik Maslachah ◽  
Rahmi Sugihartuti ◽  
Retno Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Aim: This research aimed to determine the efficacy of Syzygium cumini L. as an adjuvant therapy on blood changes and splenic index of mice model malaria. Materials and Methods: Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml red blood cell (RBC) that contains 1×106 Plasmodium berghei. 35 mice were divided into seven treatment groups: Group K0: Mice were not infected; K1: Mice were infected; K2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine; P1: Mice were infected and given S. cumini leaf extract; P2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and also S. cumini leaf extract; P3: Mice was infected and given S. cumini stem bark extract; and P4: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and S. cumini stem bark extract. Treatment was given for 4 days 24 h post-P. berghei infection. 21st day post-P. berghei infection, blood was taken from the heart for hematological examination, and the spleen was taken to examine the splenic index and also to measure the weight and length of the spleen. Hematological data and splenic index were analyzed by analysis of variance test, and if there is a difference, the test is continued by Duncan's multiple range test with 5% level. Results: The K0 group has normal hemoglobin (HGB), RBC, and hematocrit (HCT) and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. HGB, RBC, and HCT of K1 group were under normal range, lowest, and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular HGB values of K2 groups showed a decrease. The number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes of K1 groups was increasing and significantly different (p<0.05) with K2 and treatment group. The length, width, weight, and splenic index of K1 group were significantly different (p<0.05) with K0 group. K2 and treatment groups showed that the length and width of spleens were significantly different (p<0.05) with K1. Conclusion: The combination of chloroquine with leaf and chloroquine with stem bark extract of S. cumini as adjuvant therapy may increase the amount of erythrocyte; decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes; and decrease the length, width, and splenic index on malaria mice models.

Determination of splenomegaly by coronal oblique length on CT

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Serra Ozbal Gunes ◽  
Yeliz Akturk
Keyword(s):  
Coronal Oblique Length

scholarly journals Tamoxifen Suppresses the Immune Response to Plasmodium berghei ANKA and Exacerbates Symptomatology

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio Cervantes-Candelas ◽  
Jesús Aguilar-Castro ◽  
Fidel Orlando Buendía-González ◽  
Omar Fernández-Rivera ◽  
Armando Cervantes-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
First Time

Malaria is the most lethal parasitic disease in the world. Mortality and severity in symptoms are higher in men than women, suggesting that oestrogens, which are in higher concentration in females than in males, may regulate the immune response against malaria. Tamoxifen, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator used in breast cancer treatment due to its antagonistic effect on oestrogen receptors α and β, is also studied because of its potential therapeutic use for several parasitic diseases. However, most studies, including one in malaria, have not addressed the immunomodulatory role of tamoxifen. In this work, we evaluated the effect of tamoxifen on the immune response of CBA/Ca mice against Plasmodium berghei ANKA. This study showed for the first time that tamoxifen increased parasite load, aggravated symptoms by decreasing body temperature and body weight, and worsened anaemia. Additionally, tamoxifen significantly increased the splenic index and the percentages of CD4+ and NK+ cells on day eight post-infection. By contrast, tamoxifen decreased both CD8+ and B220+ populations in the spleen and decreased the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17. Our findings support the notion that tamoxifen is a potent immunomodulator in malaria-infected mice and suggest caution when administering it to malaria-infected women with breast cancer.

The Spleen in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Strijk ◽  
C. Boetes ◽  
M. J. J. T. Bogman ◽  
B. E. de Pauw ◽  
Th. Wobbes
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Rapid Procedure ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Splenic Size ◽  
Index Calculation

Computed tomography of the spleen was correlated with histologic examination or clinical data in 53 selected patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Calculation of the splenic index with CT by multiplying spleen length, width and thickness is a simple and rapid procedure for defining splenic size in vivo. A good correlation was found between size of the spleen, as estimated by splenic index calculation, and the proven or probable histologic state of the spleen.

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