scholarly journals Hematologic changes and splenic index on malaria mice models given Syzygium cumini extract as an adjuvant therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Lilik Maslachah ◽  
Rahmi Sugihartuti ◽  
Retno Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Aim: This research aimed to determine the efficacy of Syzygium cumini L. as an adjuvant therapy on blood changes and splenic index of mice model malaria. Materials and Methods: Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml red blood cell (RBC) that contains 1×106 Plasmodium berghei. 35 mice were divided into seven treatment groups: Group K0: Mice were not infected; K1: Mice were infected; K2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine; P1: Mice were infected and given S. cumini leaf extract; P2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and also S. cumini leaf extract; P3: Mice was infected and given S. cumini stem bark extract; and P4: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and S. cumini stem bark extract. Treatment was given for 4 days 24 h post-P. berghei infection. 21st day post-P. berghei infection, blood was taken from the heart for hematological examination, and the spleen was taken to examine the splenic index and also to measure the weight and length of the spleen. Hematological data and splenic index were analyzed by analysis of variance test, and if there is a difference, the test is continued by Duncan's multiple range test with 5% level. Results: The K0 group has normal hemoglobin (HGB), RBC, and hematocrit (HCT) and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. HGB, RBC, and HCT of K1 group were under normal range, lowest, and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular HGB values of K2 groups showed a decrease. The number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes of K1 groups was increasing and significantly different (p<0.05) with K2 and treatment group. The length, width, weight, and splenic index of K1 group were significantly different (p<0.05) with K0 group. K2 and treatment groups showed that the length and width of spleens were significantly different (p<0.05) with K1. Conclusion: The combination of chloroquine with leaf and chloroquine with stem bark extract of S. cumini as adjuvant therapy may increase the amount of erythrocyte; decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes; and decrease the length, width, and splenic index on malaria mice models.

scholarly journals Effect of Carica papaya L. Stem Bark Extracts on Cholesterol Concentration in Rats Induced with Streptosozin

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Mustafa Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study was designed to determine the effect of Carica papaya L. stem bark extracts on cholesterol concentration in rats induced with glibenclamide. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment which consisted of 6 treatment groups, each group consisted of four rats, as follows:1) KN (negative control, non-diabetic rats); KP, diabetic rats given glibenclamide 10 mg/kg body weight; EP 1, diabetic rats given 0 mg/kg body weight/day extract; EP2, diabetic rats given 100 mg/kg body weight/day extract; and EP3, diabetic rats given 200 mg/kg body weight/day extract, EP4, diabetic rats given 300 mg/kg body weight/day extract for 28 day. The results showed that C. papaya L. stem bark extract decreased (P<0.05) cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. It was concluded that C. papaya L. stem bark extract had potential as anti-hypercholesterolemic in diabetic rats.

Lack of in vitro antihyaluronidase activity of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera tinctoria L and methanolic stem bark extract of Stereospermum suaveolens DC

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
WanigasekaraDaya Ratnasooriya ◽  
ChathurangaBharathee Ranaweera ◽  
WalimuniPrabhashini Abeysekara ◽  
Ranjith Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Indigofera Tinctoria

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN MALARISIDAL NANOPARTIKEL EKSTRAK DAUN JUWET (Syzygium cumini) SEBAGAI TERAPI AJUVAN PADA HISTOPATOLOGI HATI MENCIT (Mus musculus) PENDERITA MALARIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mahendra Pujiyanto ◽  
Lilik Maslachah ◽  
Nusdianto Triakoso ◽  
Mochamad Lazuardi ◽  
Chairul Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mice Liver

The aimed of this study is to know malaricidal ability of nanoparticle juwet (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract as adjuvant therapy on liver histopathological of mice (Mus musculus) which infected by Plasmodium berghei. This research uses 30 mice which are divided into six treatment groups namely K0 (not infected without treated), K+ (infected without treated), K1 (infected and treated with chloroquin), K2 (infected and treated with juwet leaf extract), P1 (infected and treated with juwet leaf extract nanoparticle) and P2 (infected and combination treated with chloroquine and juwet leaf extract nanoparticle) which infected by 1x105 in 0.2 ml of Plasmodium berghei. The data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis using SPSS and followed with Mann-Whitney test. This research result showed there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between K1 and P2, but did not showed significant difference (p > 0.05) with K+, K2 and P1. Based on this research, it could be concluded that nanoparticle juwet (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract as adjuvant therapy estimated can increase malaricidal ability in degeneration, necrosis, portal inflammation, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, sinusoidal congestion, and hemosiderosis in mice liver which infected by Plasmodium berghei.

scholarly journals In vitro antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant action and GC-FID analysis of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Irabor ◽  
Osamudiamen Ebohon ◽  
Nekpen Erhunse ◽  
Osariemen T. Okugbo ◽  
Ehimwenma S. Omoregie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract This study evaluated the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark extract, leaf extract and oil. It also assessed the phytochemical compositions and antioxidant action of the stem bark fractions as well as the phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction (dichloromethane). Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum, Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strain, Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT) test. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was employed to identify phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction. The stem bark extract had better antiplasmodial activity (IC50Pf3D7 of 4.3 ± 0.17 μg/mL) compared with the leaf extract (IC50Pf3D7, 8.0 ± 0.28 μg/mL) and oil (IC50Pf3D7 > 100 μg/mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic compared with the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasite were 20.06 and 8.85 for the stem bark and leaf respectively. Dichloromethane fraction had the highest inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite with IC50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL. GC-FID analysis showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids and terpenes. This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum, and it is relatively safe to normal cell. Article Highlights Allanblackia floribunda methanol stem bark and leaf extracts could inhibit the growth of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7) in vitro. The stem bark infusion of Allanblackia floribunda was found to be nontoxic and safe at moderate doses to normal cell line (Vero cell line). Dichloromethane fraction of the stem bark showed excellent inhibition against chloroquine sensitive malaria parasite.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of extracts from Urtica urens

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492
Author(s):  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
R.P. Matamane ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Urtica Urens

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of various extracts from Urtica urens were evaluated against selected microorganisms using agar hole-plate diffusion method. A total of ten extracts namely U. urens hexane leaf extract (HLE), chloroform leaf extract (CLE), ethyl acetate leaf extract (ELE), methanolic leaf extract (MLE), hexane stem-bark extract (HSB), chloroform stem-bark extract (CSB), ethyl acetate stem-bark extract (ESB), methanolic stem-bark extract (MSB), chloroform root extract (CRT) and methanolic root extract (MRT) were prepared. These extracts were evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria viz. Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, four Gram-negative bacteria viz. Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli (wild strain) and Escherichia coli (O157:H7) and two fungal isolates viz. Candida albicans and Penicillium digitatum. The inhibition zones of these extracts were found to be in the range of 9.0±0.0 to 40.5±0.7 mm against bacterial isolates and 16.0±4.2 to 17.5±4.9 mm against C. albicans. However, all these extracts exhibited no visible zone of inhibition against P. digitatum. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these extracts were also determined and were found to be in the range of <31.25 to >1000 µg/mL against both bacterial and fungal isolates. From this study, we concluded that ELS, MLE, CRT and MRT showed promising antimicrobial activities.

Elemental Composition and Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous Leaf Extract and Stem Bark Extract of Crateva adansoni

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hugh Maduka ◽  
Emmanuel Akubugwo ◽  
Oluwale Olorunnipe ◽  
Aloysius Okpogba ◽  
Ann Maduka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening of Syzygium cumini (L.) extracts in different solvents

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
M Hasanuzzaman ◽  
W Islam ◽  
MB Islam
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Phytochemical screening of the secondary metabolites was performed with acetone, chloroform, methanol and n-hexane extracts of the leaves, roots, stem bark and seeds of the plant Syzygium cumini (Linn.) and were detected using various tests for identifying the isolated components. Acetone extract of the leaves showed the presence glycosides, phenols, proteins, resins and saponins while the stem bark extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, proteins, resins and saponins. All the above constituents except saponins were detected in the root extract. The seed extract contains alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, proteins and tannins. Chloroform extract of the leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, proteins and steroids while root extract contains alkaloids and steroids and that of seed extract alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, proteins and tannins, however, alkaloids and tannins were found in the stem bark extract. Methanol extract of the leaves and stem bark showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, resins, saponins, steroids and tannins while the root extracts contain all the above constituents along with proteins. N-hexane extract of the leaves contain only alkaloids, roots contain alkaloids and resins and that of seeds contain carbohydrates and proteins while alkaloids, proteins and tannins were found in stem bark extract. The present findings reveal the presence of various medicinally important phytochemicals from the plant S. cumini extracts may have application in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailmentsJ. bio-sci. 24: 11-18, 2016

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Sub Acute Toxicity of the Stem Bark of Andira inermis

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Maxwell Osaronowen Egua ◽  
Florence Chimezie Nwinyi ◽  
Ode Julius Okwoche ◽  
Onakpa Micheal Monday ◽  
Akande Motunrayo Ganiyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Property ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Pack Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Acute Study ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

The aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract was screened in evaluation of its potential for its toxic effect in a 28 days study using the oral route only. The sub acute study was carried out in Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each; control group (a) received distilled water while the aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract treatment groups (b), (c), and (d), received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively, for a period of 28 days, with their intake of feeds, water and signs of abnormality observed. At the end of the sub acute study, the rats were anaesthetized with chloroform and blood collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical and haematological evaluation. And the visceral organs (liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen) excised for weighing and patho-morphological examination. The aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract was found to; reduce the intake of water weekly, drop intake of feeds; significantly increased the red blood cell count (RBC), the haemoglobin concentration (HB), as well as the pack cell volume (PCV). The renal indices, showed the electrolytes sodium and chloride of the treatment groups (b, c and d) to be significantly different from the control. Urea was noticed to have reduce significantly and creatinine insignificantly. The organs weights across the Andira inermis treatment groups were noticed to be insignificantly (P › 0.05) different from the control for all the organs sampled (Lungs, Liver, Heart and Spleen) except for the kidney (organ weight which was noticed to have increased significantly). The patho-morphologies of the organs showed the heart to be normal, the kidney was normal in the control and the other treatment groups 100 mg 400 mg and 200 mg but a rat (an outlier) in one of the 200 mg group was noticed with tubular necrosis; the liver indicated a non concentration-dependent hepatitis while the lungs and the spleen presented an infective process.  It was concluded that, the aqueous methanolic extract of Andira inermis is a safe medicinal plant with the capacity to; raise red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HB) as well as the pack cell volume (PCV); proffers a nephro- protective property; shrunken spleen; have a hepato-protective property and as well was non toxic to the heart and lungs. These findings warrants further pharmacognostic efficacy experimental research to harness the array of benefits of Andira inermis as discovered in this study.

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