scholarly journals Spleen: an organ of multiple shapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Serghei Covantev ◽  
◽  
Rasul Uzdenov ◽  
Daria Turovets ◽  
Olga Belic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Flat Shape ◽  
Wedge Shape ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Common Shape

Introduction: The spleen is located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity. As an organ, the spleen can have various shapes and size. Material and methods: The human spleen was studied in 273 cadavers (154 men and 119 women) who did not have diseases of the spleen. The shape of the spleen was analyzed based on splenic index, Michels classification. Results: The most common shape of the spleen in men is the elongated one. It was encountered in 79 (51.3%) cases out of 154. In women, the most common shape was the intermediate. It was encountered in 51 (42.9%) of the 119 cases. Based on Michels classification the clinoid (wedge) shape was encountered in 102 (37.74%) cases, triangular in 59 (21.83%) and tetrahedral in 30 (11.1%). In 30.26% the shape of the spleen couldn’t be classified according to Michels classification. In 21 cases (7.77%) the spleen had a flat shape; in 27 (9.99%) – dome-shaped; in 1 case (0,37%) – Z-shape; in 18 (6.66%) – round shape; in 6 (2.22%) – irregular shape; in 2 (0.66%) - shape with a node in the hilum; in 1 (0,37%) – rhomboid shape, in 2 (0,74%) – bilobed shape and in 4 cases (1,48%) – lobular shape. The splenic fissures located on the upper edge of the organ were found in 81 (29.91%) cases, and also on the lower edge - in 41 (14.02%) cases. In 13 (4.67%) cases fissures were encountered on both sides. In 148 (51.4%) cases the spleen had no fissures on its surface. Conclusions: The spleen has various shapes beyond the classical wedge, triangular and tetrahedral. All of these shapes do not represent a pathological finding but in certain situation may require further analysis and interpretation depending on the imaging technique and experience of the physician.

scholarly journals Bochdalek hernia in an adult patient: Case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
Ivana Meta-Jevtović ◽  
Bojan Đokić ◽  
Romana Suša ◽  
Vojislav Ćupurdija
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Bochdalek Hernia ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Adult Age

Aim of this paper is to present a rare case of Bochdalek hernia in adult age and to underline the importance of clinical suspicion and imaging technique in making the exact diagnosis of this abnormality. Bochdalek hernia is a congenital defect localized on the posterolateral wall of the diaphragm through which the organs of the abdominal cavity pass into the chest. It is primarily diagnosed in neonatal and postnatal periods, while it is very rare in adults. The authors present a case of Bochdalek hernia in adulthood with symptoms arising from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. The diagnosis was confirmed by performing the computerized tomography of the chest. A rare case of left-side Bochdalek hernia was presented, which was discovered in adult age and treated surgically with success.

scholarly journals Impaction of right dorsal colon in the horse: report of 32 cases

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 11–12) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mezerová ◽  
R. Kabeš ◽  
Z. Žert ◽  
P. Jahn ◽  
J. Hanák
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Severe Abdominal Pain ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Short Time

Acute as well as chronic and recurrent colic episodes were caused by right dorsal colon (RDC) impaction in 7.98% of all colic patients. Significantly higher statistical evidence was figured out in hucul horses, mares and 7-year-old animals. Diagnosis of RDC impaction was established on the basis of rectal palpation (68.75%) or laparotomy (31.25%). Yield of rectal palpation was limited by a difficult accessability of RDC, small body frame of the animal, severe abdominal pain and by further physiological or pathological changes in abdominal cavity. Simple RDC impaction was diagnosed in 16 (50%) of 32 cases, in 9 horses the impaction associated with the large colon displacement or torsion. In 4 horses also small colon impaction together with RDC impaction and in 3 horses impaction of another GIT part were found. Clinical signs of disease were influenced by these pathological findings. In two cases the diagnosis sand impaction was established during laparotomy. RDC impaction was treated conservatively in some patients (28.13%), however in most patients surgery was needed (65.63%). Conservative therapy was successful in the horses with short duration of disease and in cases, where the RDC impaction was the only pathological finding without associated complications. As indicators for surgery were chronic course of disease, high degree of general health alteration, severe abdominal pain with no reaction to analgesics, cases where the strangulation could not be excluded by rectal palpation or another lesions that cannot be treated conservatively and/or unsuccessful conservative therapy. The surgery was used in 21 cases (65.63%). 17 patients recovered from anestesia, 1 horse was destroyed in 14 days due to the repeated impaction. Complications, that were associated with surgery in the group of patients with RDC impaction, occur also during surgical treatment in all type of colic patients. In 2 mares the abortion occurred, in 3 horses the convalescence time have been complicated by diarrhoea, and in 1 horse by acute laminitis. Surgical wound infection was a cause of ventral hernia in 1 horse. 25 horses from all 32 cases hospitalised and treated either conservatively or surgically were passed to home care (78.12%). On the basic of obtained results there is possible to evaluate the prognosis in patients with acute and simple impaction as favourable and in patients in which the disease was complicated by further pathology as obscured. Chronic recurrent impaction was diagnosed repeatedly (3×) in one horse, that did not respond to the conservative treatment and surgery provided the only short time solution. Therefore the prognosis in this case was evaluated as not advanced.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Morphological Variations of External Ear between the Nepalese and Indian Students of A Medical College

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (214) ◽  
pp. 936-939
Author(s):  
Sarbada Makaju ◽  
Sonam Chaudhary ◽  
Kanaklata Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Flat Shape ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Indian Students

Introduction: The external ear is made up of the elastic cartilage. It is considered constant from the birth till death. Therefore, it’s morphological variation plays important role in forensic medicine. The objective of this study was to identify this morphological variation among different nationality and the gender.Methods: The study was conducted among 50 Nepali students and 50 Indian students of Manipal College of Medical Sciences. The simple random sampling was done. The morphological variation of external ear including different nature of shape of tragus, anti-tragus, lobe and margin of helix were studied on different gender and nationalities. Results: The highest distribution in shape of tragus was round in Nepali 42 (84%) and Indian 37 (74%). Most of Nepali students had flat 26 (52%) shape of anti-tragus and medium for Indian 25 (50%). The maximum ear attached lobe were found in both Nepali and Indian 27 (54%) respectively. Most of the Indian students had elongated shape of helix 24 (48%) whereas in Nepalese round shape of helix 31 (62%). The male participants had maximum round shape of tragus 42 (76.3%), flat shape of anti-tragus 28 (50.9%), free ear lobe 28 (50.9%) and shape of the margin of helix were round 29 (52.7%). The female participants had maximum round shape of tragus 37 (82.2%), medium shape of anti-tragus 22 (48.8%), attached ear lobe 27 (60%), and round shape of margin of helix 25 (55.56%).Conclusions: The morphology of the external ear varies with each individual. However, it shows it couldn’t differentiate their nationalities and gender.

The dislocation structure of a 10° [110] tilt boundary in silicon

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
B. Cunningham ◽  
D.G. Ast
Keyword(s):  
Dislocation Structure ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Diamond Lattice ◽  
Tilt Boundary ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Lattice Fringe ◽  
Tilt Boundaries ◽  
Chemically Vapor Deposited

There have Been a number of studies of low-angle, θ < 4°, [10] tilt boundaries in the diamond lattice. Dislocations with Burgers vectors a/2<110>, a/2<112>, a<111> and a<001> have been reported in melt-grown bicrystals of germanium, and dislocations with Burgers vectors a<001> and a/2<112> have been reported in hot-pressed bicrystals of silicon. Most of the dislocations were found to be dissociated, the dissociation widths being dependent on the tilt angle. Possible dissociation schemes and formation mechanisms for the a<001> and a<111> dislocations from the interaction of lattice dislocations have recently been given.The present study reports on the dislocation structure of a 10° [10] tilt boundary in chemically vapor deposited silicon. The dislocations in the boundary were spaced about 1-3nm apart, making them difficult to resolve by conventional diffraction contrast techniques. The dislocation structure was therefore studied by the lattice-fringe imaging technique.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

TEM Study of a Tilt Boundary in Hot-Pressed Silicon

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
C. B. Carter ◽  
J. Rose ◽  
D. G. Ast
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Lattice Fringe ◽  
Electron Diffraction Technique ◽  
Tilt Boundaries ◽  
Beam Technique ◽  
Twist Boundaries

The hot-pressing technique which has been successfully used to manufacture twist boundaries in silicon has now been used to form tilt boundaries in this material. In the present study, weak-beam imaging, lattice-fringe imaging and electron diffraction techniques have been combined to identify different features of the interface structure. The weak-beam technique gives an overall picture of the geometry of the boundary and in particular allows steps in the plane of the boundary which are normal to the dislocation lines to be identified. It also allows pockets of amorphous SiO2 remaining in the interface to be recognized. The lattice-fringe imaging technique allows the boundary plane parallel to the dislocation to be identified. Finally the electron diffraction technique allows the periodic structure of the boundary to be evaluated over a large area - this is particularly valuable when the dislocations are closely spaced - and can also provide information on the structural width of the interface.

Defects of Platelet Function Recognized by X-Ray Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
M.G. Baldini ◽  
S. Morinaga ◽  
D. Minasian ◽  
R. Feder ◽  
D. Sayre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Scanning Electron

Contact X-ray imaging is presently developing as an important imaging technique in cell biology. Our recent studies on human platelets have demonstrated that the cytoskeleton of these cells contains photondense structures which can preferentially be imaged by soft X-ray imaging. Our present research has dealt with platelet activation, i.e., the complex phenomena which precede platelet appregation and are associated with profound changes in platelet cytoskeleton. Human platelets suspended in plasma were used. Whole cell mounts were fixed and dehydrated, then exposed to a stationary source of soft X-rays as previously described. Developed replicas and respective grids were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Automated electron tomography: from data collection to image processing

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Weiping Liu ◽  
Jennifer Fung ◽  
W.J. de Ruijter ◽  
Hans Chen ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Automated Data Collection ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Amorphous Structures

Electron tomography is a technique where many projections of an object are collected from the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and are then used to reconstruct the object in its entirety, allowing internal structure to be viewed. As vital as is the 3-D structural information and with no other 3-D imaging technique to compete in its resolution range, electron tomography of amorphous structures has been exercised only sporadically over the last ten years. Its general lack of popularity can be attributed to the tediousness of the entire process starting from the data collection, image processing for reconstruction, and extending to the 3-D image analysis. We have been investing effort to automate all aspects of electron tomography. Our systems of data collection and tomographic image processing will be briefly described.To date, we have developed a second generation automated data collection system based on an SGI workstation (Fig. 1) (The previous version used a micro VAX). The computer takes full control of the microscope operations with its graphical menu driven environment. This is made possible by the direct digital recording of images using the CCD camera.

EMCAT: An automatic image-processing system for electron-microscopic tomography

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Weiping Liu ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
David A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Automatic Image Processing ◽  
Em Tomography

Any real world object is three-dimensional. The principle of tomography, which reconstructs the 3-D structure of an object from its 2-D projections of different view angles has found application in many disciplines. Electron Microscopic (EM) tomography on non-ordered structures (e.g., subcellular structures in biology and non-crystalline structures in material science) has been exercised sporadically in the last twenty years or so. As vital as is the 3-D structural information and with no existing alternative 3-D imaging technique to compete in its high resolution range, the technique to date remains the kingdom of a brave few. Its tedious tasks have been preventing it from being a routine tool. One keyword in promoting its popularity is automation: The data collection has been automated in our lab, which can routinely yield a data set of over 100 projections in the matter of a few hours. Now the image processing part is also automated. Such automations finish the job easier, faster and better.

Atomic resolution characterisation of interface structures by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
N. D. Browning ◽  
M. M. McGibbon ◽  
M. F. Chisholm ◽  
S. J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The recent development of the Z-contrast imaging technique for the VG HB501 UX dedicated STEM, has added a high-resolution imaging facility to a microscope used mainly for microanalysis. This imaging technique not only provides a high-resolution reference image, but as it can be performed simultaneously with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), can be used to position the electron probe at the atomic scale. The spatial resolution of both the image and the energy loss spectrum can be identical, and in principle limited only by the 2.2 Å probe size of the microscope. There now exists, therefore, the possibility to perform chemical analysis of materials on the scale of single atomic columns or planes.In order to achieve atomic resolution energy loss spectroscopy, the range over which a fast electron can cause a particular excitation event, must be less than the interatomic spacing. This range is described classically by the impact parameter, b, which ranges from ~10 Å for the low loss region of the spectrum to <1Å for the core losses.

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