scholarly journals The impact of climate model sea surface temperature biases on tropical cyclone simulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ching Hsu ◽  
Christina M. Patricola ◽  
Ping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Impact

Effects of Relative and Absolute Sea Surface Temperature on Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Using a Single-Column Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish A. Ramsay ◽  
Adam H. Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Column Model ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Single Column Model

Abstract The effects of relative and absolute sea surface temperature (SST) on tropical cyclone potential intensity are investigated using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) single-column model. The model is run in two modes: (i) radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) to represent the convective response to uniform warming of the ocean as in a homogeneous aqua planet, and (ii) weak temperature gradient (WTG) to represent the convective response to warming over a limited area of ocean while the SST outside that area remains unchanged. The WTG calculations are taken to represent the sensitivity of the atmospheric state to relative SST changes, while the RCE calculations are taken to represent the sensitivity to absolute SST changes occurring in the absence of relative SST changes. The potential intensity is computed using temperature and moisture profiles from the two sets of experiments for various values of SST. The computed potential intensity is more sensitive to relative SST than to absolute SST, with slopes of between about 7 and 8 m s−1 °C−1 (depending on choice of input parameters in the model’s convection scheme and other details of the model configuration) in the WTG calculations and about 1 m s−1 °C−1 in RCE. The sensitivity to relative SST obtained from these calculations is quantitatively similar to that obtained previously by G. Vecchi and B. J. Soden from global climate model output. The greater sensitivity of potential intensity to SST in the WTG simulations (relative to RCE) can be attributed primarily to larger changes in the air–sea thermodynamic disequilibrium in those calculations as SST changes, which results from the inability of the free troposphere to adjust to the SST in WTG as it does in RCE.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Influences of Mesoscale Ocean Eddies on Tropical Cyclone Intensities

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanhong Ma ◽  
Jianfang Fei ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiaogang Huang ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Ocean Eddies ◽  
Mesoscale Ocean Eddies ◽  
Very High Frequencies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of mesoscale ocean eddies on tropical cyclone intensities is investigated based on a combination of observations and atmosphere–ocean coupling simulations. A statistical analysis reveals that the tropical cyclone–eddy interactions occur at very high frequencies; over 90% of the recorded tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific have encountered ocean eddies from 2002 to 2011. The chances of confronting a cold core eddy (CCE) are slightly larger than confronting a warm core eddy (WCE). The observational sea surface temperature data have statistically evidenced that CCEs tend to promote the sea surface temperature decrease caused by tropical cyclones while WCEs tend to restrain such ocean responses. The roles of CCEs are statistically more significant than those of WCEs in modulating the sea surface temperature response. It is therefore proposed that CCEs should be paid no less attention than WCEs during the TC–ocean interaction process. The CCE-induced changes in sea surface temperature decreases are observed to be more remarkable for more intense and slower-moving tropical cyclones and for thinner depth of mixed layers. A set of numerical experiments reveal that the effects of ocean eddies are positively related to their strengths and storm intensities, and the eddy feedback is less pronounced when the eddy is located at one side of storm tracks than right below the tropical cyclone center. The eddy-induced moisture disequilibrium sooner vanishes after the departure of tropical cyclones. The intensity recoveries last for 1–2 days because of the dependence of surface enthalpy fluxes on surface winds.

scholarly journals Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Jakovlev ◽  
Sergei P. Smyshlyaev ◽  
Vener Y. Galin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Impact

The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the lower and middle atmosphere. The variability of SST is analyzed according to Met Office and ERA5 data, while the variability of atmospheric temperature is investigated according to MERRA2 and ERA5 data. Analysis of sea surface temperature trends based on reanalysis data revealed that a significant positive SST trend of about 0.1 degrees per decade is observed over the globe. In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the trend (about 0.2 degrees per decade) is 2 times higher than the global average, and 5 times higher than in the Southern Hemisphere (about 0.04 degrees per decade). At polar latitudes, opposite SST trends are observed in the Arctic (positive) and Antarctic (negative). The impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the temperature of the lower and middle atmosphere in the middle and polar latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is discussed. To assess the relative influence of SST, CO2, and other greenhouse gases’ variability on the temperature of the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere, numerical calculations with a CCM were performed for several scenarios of accounting for the SST and carbon dioxide variability. The results of numerical experiments with a CCM demonstrated that the influence of SST prevails in the troposphere, while for the stratosphere, an increase in the CO2 content plays the most important role.

Oligocene sea-surface temperature gradients in the Southern Ocean related to Tasmanian Gateway widening: New TEX86 paleothermometry, dinoflagellate cyst data and climate model comparisons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Hoem ◽  
Suning Hou ◽  
Matthew Huber ◽  
Francesca Sangiorgi ◽  
Henk Brinkhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cyst ◽  
Frontal Systems ◽  
Dsdp Site

<p>The opening of the Tasmanian Gateway during the Eocene and further deepening in the Oligocene is hypothesized to have reorganized ocean currents, preconditioning the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to evolve into place. However, fundamental questions still remain on the past Southern Ocean structure. We here present reconstructions of latitudinal temperature gradients and the position of ocean frontal systems in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean during the Oligocene. We generated new sea surface temperature (SST) and dinoflagellate cyst data from the West Tasman margin, ODP Site 1168. We compare these with other records around the Tasmanian Gateway, and with climate model simulations to analyze the paleoceanographic evolution during the Oligocene. The novel organic biomarker TEX<sub>86</sub>- SSTs from ODP Site 1168, range between 19.6 – 27.9°C (± 5.2°C, using the linear calibration by Kim et al., 2010), supported by temperate and open ocean dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The data compilation, including existing TEX<sub>86</sub>-based SSTs from ODP Site 1172 in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, DSDP Site 274 offshore Cape Adare, DSDP Site 269 and IODP Site U1356 offshore the Wilkes Land Margin and terrestrial temperature proxy records from the Cape Roberts Project (CRP) on the Ross Sea continental shelf, show synchronous variability in temperature evolution between Antarctic and Australian sectors of the Southern Ocean. The SST gradients are around 10°C latitudinally across the Tasmanian Gateway throughout the early Oligocene, and increasing in the Late Oligocene. This increase can be explained by polar amplification/cooling, tectonic drift, strengthening of atmospheric currents and ocean currents. We suggest that the progressive cooling of Antarctica and the absence of mid-latitude cooling strengthened the westerly winds, which in turn could drive an intensification of the ACC and strengthening of Southern Ocean frontal systems.</p>

scholarly journals STUDY ON CYCLONE INDUCED PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM IN THE ARABIAN SEA THROUGH GAP-FREE RECONSTRUCTED CHLOROPHYLL-A DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1391-1396
Author(s):  
R. Shunmugapandi ◽  
S. Gedam ◽  
A. B. Inamdar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Cyclone Track ◽  
Chl A ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Ocean surface phytoplankton responses to the tropical cyclone (TC)/storms have been extensively studied using satellite observations by aggregating the data into a weekly or bi-weekly composite. The reason behind is the significant limitations found in the satellite-based observation is the missing of valid data due to cloud cover, especially at the time of cyclone track passage. The data loss during the cyclone is found to be a significant barrier to efficiently investigate the response of chl-a and SST during cyclone track passage. Therefore it is necessary to rectify the above limitation to effectively study the impact of TC on the chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) and the sea surface temperature (SST) to achieve a complete understanding of their response to the TC prevailed in the Arabian Sea. Intending to resolve the limitation mentioned above, this study aims to reconstruct the MODIS-Aqua chl-a, and SST data using Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) for all the 31 cyclonic events occurred in the Arabian Sea during 2003-2018 (16 years). Reconstructed satellite retrieved data covering all the cyclonic events were further used to investigate the chl-a and SST dynamics during TC. From the results, the exciting fact has been identified that only two TC over the eastern-AS were able to induce phytoplankton bloom. On investigating this scenario using sea surface temperature, it was disclosed that the availability of nutrients decides the suitable condition for the phytoplankton to proliferate in the surface ocean. Relevant to the precedent criterion, the results witnessed that the 2 TC (Phyan and Ockhi cyclone) prevailed in the eastern AS invoked a suitable condition for phytoplankton bloom. Other TC found to be less provocative either due to less intensity, origination region or the unsuitable condition. Thereby, gap-free reconstructed daily satellite-derived data efficiently investigates the response of bio-geophysical parameters during cyclonic events. Moreover, this study sensitised that though several TC strikes the AS, only two could impact phytoplankton productivity and SST found to highly consistent with the chl-a variability during the cyclone passage.

Ozone and temperature response of a chemistry climate model to the solar cycle and sea surface temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousuke Yamashita ◽  
Kei Sakamoto ◽  
Hideharu Akiyoshi ◽  
Masaaki Takahashi ◽  
Tatsuya Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Sea Surface

Experience in developing a method for long-term forecasting of the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Y.A Pavroz . ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breakup Time

An attempt is made to develop a method for long-term forecasting of the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin, to identify the impact of the distribution of sea surface temperature and geopotential height in the informative regions at the levels H100 and H500 over the Northern Hemisphere on the river ice breakup. The location and boundaries of the informative regions in the fields of H100 and H500 were revealed by the discriminant analysis, the EOF expansion coefficients of the fields of anomalies of monthly mean values of H100 and H500 for January and February and the anomalies of monthly mean sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific were used as potential predictors. The stepwise regression analysis allowed deriving good and satisfactory (S/σ = 0.45–0.73) complex prognostic equations for forecasting the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin. The essential influence of H100 and H500 geopotential height fields and the spatial distribution of sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific in January and February on the river ice breakup time is revealed. It is proposed to improve the method by considering the impact of air temperature, maximum ice thickness per winter, and other indirect characteristics on the processes of river ice breakup in the Vyatka River basin. Keywords: ice regime, long-range forecast, river ice breakup, expansion coefficients, geopotential height fields, spring ice phenomena, energy-active zones of the oceans, complex prognostic equation

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