Mediation of psychosocial determinants in the relation between socio-economic status and adolescents’ diet quality

Diet quality is influenced by socio-economic and geographical factors. The present study sought to assess whether adolescents' diet quality is affected by their parents' socio-economic status and whether the relationship between these factors is similar in northern and southern Europe. Data collected in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study in eight European countries were analysed. Dietary intake data were recorded via repeated 24 h recalls (using specifically developed HELENA Dietary Intake Assessment Tool software) and converted into an adolescent-specific Diet Quality Index (DQI-AM). Socio-economic status was estimated through parental educational level (Par-Educ-Lev) and parental occupation level (Par-Occ-Lev) as reported by the adolescents in a specific questionnaire. The DQI-AM data were then analysed as a function of Par-Educ-Lev and Par-Occ-Lev in northern European countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden) and southern European countries (Greece, Italy and Spain). We studied a total of 1768 adolescents (age 14·7 (sd 1·3) years; percentage of girls: 52·8 %; 1135 and 633 subjects from northern and southern Europe, respectively). On average, the DQI-AM score was higher in southern Europe than in northern Europe (69·1 (sd 0·1) v. 60·4 (sd 2·8), respectively; P< 0·001; Δ = 12·6 %). The DQI was positively correlated with both paternal and maternal Par-Educ-Lev. However, this association was more pronounced in northern Europe than in southern Europe (P interaction = 0·004 for the mother and 0·06 for the father). The DQI was also positively correlated with Par-Occ-Lev (all P trends < 0·01), but this correlation was independent of the geographical area (P interaction = 0·51 for the mother and 0·50 for the father). In conclusion, Par-Educ-Lev and Par-Occ-Lev are associated with diet quality in adolescents in Europe. However, this association differs between northern Europe and southern Europe.

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The association between food insecurity and academic achievement in Canadian school-aged children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017001562 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 2778-2785 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Erin L Faught ◽

Patty L Williams ◽

Noreen D Willows ◽

Mark Asbridge ◽

Paul J Veugelers

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Food Security ◽

Nova Scotia ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Economic Status ◽

Household Food Security ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveEducation is a crucial social determinant of health. Food insecurity can be detrimental to children’s academic achievement, potentially perpetuating a cycle of poverty and food insecurity. We aimed to assess the relationship between food insecurity and academic achievement in Canadian school-aged children.DesignCross-sectional study of children and parents. Parents completed the short-form Household Food Security Survey Module and questions about income and education level (socio-economic status). Children completed FFQ. Data were prospectively linked to children’s performance on standardized exams written one year later. Mixed-effect logistic regression was employed to assess the relationship between food insecurity and likelihood of meeting academic expectations adjusting for socio-economic status, diet quality and potential confounders.SettingNova Scotia, Canada in 2011–2012.SubjectsStudents (n4105) in grade 5 (10–11 years; 2167 girls) and their parents.ResultsLow food security was reported by 9·8 % of households; very low food security by 7·1 % of households. Students from low-income households and reporting poor diet quality were less likely to do well in school. Children who lived in households reporting very low food security had 0·65 times the odds (OR=0·65; 95 % CI 0·44, 0·96) of meeting expectations for reading and 0·62 times the odds (OR=0·62; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·86) of meeting expectations for mathematics.ConclusionsVery low household insecurity is associated with poor academic achievement among children in Nova Scotia.

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Diet quality in European pre-schoolers: evaluation based on diet quality indices and association with gender, socio-economic status and overweight, the ToyBox-study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016000604 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (13) ◽

pp. 2441-2450 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

An-Sofie Pinket ◽

Marieke De Craemer ◽

Inge Huybrechts ◽

Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽

Benedicte Deforche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Economic Status ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Food Items ◽

Standardized Protocol ◽

Nutritious Food ◽

Obesity Status

AbstractObjectiveTo study diet quality among pre-schoolers using the Diet Quality Index (DQI) and to investigate differences according to gender, socio-economic status (SES) and overweight/obesity status.DesignKindergarten-based cross-sectional survey within the ToyBox-study. A standardized protocol was used and parents/caregivers self-reported sociodemographic data and a semi-quantitative FFQ. A total DQI and its four subcomponents (diversity, quality, equilibrium and meal index) were calculated based on this FFQ. High total DQI scores indicate better diet quality than low scores. Results of the total DQI and the subcomponents were reported as percentages of maximum scores (100 %).SettingKindergartens in six European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland and Spain).SubjectsEuropean pre-schoolers (aged 3·5–5·5 years) and their parents/caregivers (n 7063).ResultsThe mean total DQI score was 68·3 %. Mean scores of the subcomponents were 61·7 % for diversity, 56·5 % for quality, 65·4 % for equilibrium and 89·7 % for the meal index. Pre-schoolers of lower-SES backgrounds had lower scores on the total DQI and all its subcomponents. No clear differences were found by gender and overweight status. Results differed slightly according to country.ConclusionsPre-schoolers scored low on the total DQI and especially on dietary quality, as energy-dense, low-nutritious food items were more often consumed than highly nutritious food items. Furthermore, already in pre-schoolers lower-SES mothers were less likely to provide a good diet quality and this was consistent for all four subcomponents of the total DQI. Food intake in pre-schoolers should be enhanced, especially in pre-schoolers of lower-SES backgrounds.

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Energy misreporting is more prevalent for those of lower socio-economic status and is associated with lower reported intake of discretionary foods

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520003621 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Amanda Grech ◽

Megan Hasick ◽

Luke Gemming ◽

Anna Rangan

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Economic Status ◽

Low Energy ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Or Education ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Activity Survey ◽

Education Reporting

Abstract The role of socio-economic status (SES) on the misreporting of food and energy intakes is not well understood with disagreement in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between low energy reporting, dietary quality and SES in a representative sample of adults. Dietary data were collected using 2 d of 24-h recalls for 6114 adults aged 19 years and over, participating in the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012. Low energy reporters (LER) and plausible reporters (PR) were identified. Discretionary food intake was used as a proxy indicator of diet quality. SES was determined using area-level SES and educational attainment. Regression analysis was applied to examine the effects of LER and SES on diet quality, adjusting for potential confounders. LER was more common in populations of lower SES than higher SES (area-level OR 1·46 (95 % CI 1·06, 2·00); education OR 1·64 (95 % CI 1·28, 2·09). LER and SES were independently associated with diet quality, with LER reporting lower percentage energy from discretionary foods compared with PR (27·4 v. 34·2, P < 0·001), and those of lower area-level SES and education reporting lower diet quality compared with those of higher SES (33·7 v. 31·2, P < 0·001; and 33·5 v. 29·6, P < 0·001, respectively). No interaction effect was found between LER and SES, indicating percentage energy in discretionary foods was not differentially misreported across the SES areas (0·3078) or education (P = 0·7078). In conclusion, LER and higher SES were associated with better diet quality.

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Socio-economic and lifestyle parameters associated with diet quality of children and adolescents using classification and regression tree analysis: the DIATROFI study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001500110x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 339-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mary Yannakoulia ◽

Anastasia Lykou ◽

Christina Maria Kastorini ◽

Eirini Saranti Papasaranti ◽

Athanassios Petralias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Economic Status ◽

Regression Tree ◽

Tree Analysis ◽

Family Affluence ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Regression Tree Analysis ◽

Economic Parameters ◽

Of Greece

AbstractObjectiveTo explore factors affecting children’s and adolescents’ diet quality, in the framework of a food aid and promotion of healthy nutrition programme implemented in areas of low socio-economic status of Greece, during the current financial crisis.DesignFrom a total of 162 schools participating in the programme during 2012–2013, we gathered 15 897 questionnaires recording sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle parameters and dietary habits of children and their families. As a measure of socio-economic status, the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) was used; whereas for the assessment of diet quality, the KIDMED score was computed. Associations between KIDMED and FAS, physical activity and socio-economic parameters were examined using regression and classification–regression tree analysis (CART).ResultsThe higher the FAS score, the greater the percentage of children and adolescents who reported to consume, on a daily basis, fruits and vegetables, dairy products and breakfast (P<0·001). Results from CART showed that children and adolescents in the medium or high FAS groups had higher KIDMED score, compared with those in the low FAS group. For those in the low FAS group, KIDMED score is expected to increase by 12·4 % when they spend more than 0·25 h/week in sports activities. The respective threshold for the medium and high FAS groups is 1·75 h/week, while education of the mother and father affected KIDMED score significantly as well.ConclusionsDiet quality is strongly influenced by socio-economic parameters in children and adolescents living in economically disadvantaged areas of Greece, so that lower family affluence is associated with worse diet quality.

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Malnutrition, low diet quality and its risk factors among older adults with low socio-economic status: a scoping review

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s0954422420000189 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

N. S. Nazri ◽

D. Vanoh ◽

S. K. Leng

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Economic Status ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Low Ses ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Poor Diet

Abstract Low socio-economic status (SES) is often associated with various health-related problems. Therefore, the present paper aims to review the available literature to identify the prevalence of malnutrition, prevalence of poor diet quality and its associated risk factors among older adults with low SES. A literature search was performed using four databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer and Science Direct. The search terms used were ‘diet quality’, ‘nutritional status’, ‘dietary intake’, ‘overweight’, ‘obesity’, ‘underweight’, ‘older people’ and ‘low socioeconomic status (SES)’. The overall prevalence of undernutrition among older adults with low SES worldwide was in the range of 28·9 to 48 %, while overnutrition was reported to be between 8·1 to 28·2 %. In Asia, the prevalence of undernourished older adults ranged from 3 to 64·9 %, while 2·5 to 32·8 % were overnourished. Most of the studies (60 %) included in the present review used BMI as the tool to identify malnutrition, but none of the nutritional screening tools were considered to be the ‘gold standard’. For dietary assessment, FFQ and multiple 24 h dietary recall improved the estimation of individual dietary intake. Risk factors for poor diet quality included financial hardship, functional limitation, sex, place of residence, smoking and oral health. Poor nutritional status, especially lack of good-quality diet, and thinness are prevalent among older adults with low SES. Hence, it is important to establish nutrition-related programmes and intervention studies among this group of individuals for improving their health status and quality of life.

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Oral Language Behavior of Older Cerebral Palsied Children

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0704.349 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 349-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Russell J. Love

Keyword(s):

Oral Language ◽

Economic Status ◽

Educational Background ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Language Behavior ◽

Hearing Acuity

A battery of six tests assessing various aspects of receptive and expressive oral language was administered to 27 cerebral palsied children and controls matched on the variables of age, intelligence, sex, race, hearing acuity, socio-economic status, and similarity of educational background. Results indicated only minimal differences between groups. Signs of deviancy in language behavior often attributed to the cerebral palsied were not observed. Although previous investigators have suggested consistent language disturbances in the cerebral palsied, evidence for a disorder of comprehension and formulation of oral symobls was not found.

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