Trajectories of energy intake distribution and subsequent risk of hyperglycemia among Chinese adults: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2018)

Abstract Aims Few studies have examined the secular trend of the energy intake distribution, and its effect on future risk of hyperglycemia. This study aims to describe trajectories of energy intake distribution over 12 years and relate them to subsequent risk of hyperglycemia over 9 years of follow-up. Methods Our study used ten waves of data from the CHNS survey, a population-based longitudinal survey in China, ongoing since 1989. We examined a cohort of adult participants who were free from diabetes but had at least three waves of dietary data from 1997 to 2009. We assessed energy intake using three consecutive 24 h recalls. We used these data to identify trajectory groups of energy intake distribution by multi-trajectory model based on energy intake proportions of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. We followed up participants for hyperglycemia, diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose for 9 years from 2009 to 2018. Outcomes were ascertained with fasting glucose, serum HbA1c, and self-report of diabetes and/or glucose-lowering medication. We estimated relative risk (RR) for hyperglycemia, diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose by identified trajectory groups using multilevel mixed-effects modified Poisson regression with robust (sandwich) estimation of variance. Gender difference was additionally examined. Results A total of 4417 participants were included. Four trajectory groups were identified, characterized and labeled by “Energy evenly distributed with steady trend group” (Group 1), “Dinner and lunch energy dominant with relatively steady trend group” (Group 2), “Dinner energy dominant with increasing trend and breakfast energy with declining trend group” (Group 3), and “breakfast and dinner energy dominant with increasing trend group” (Group 4). During 48,091 person-years, 1053 cases of incident hyperglycemia occurred, 537 cases of incident diabetes occurred, and 516 cases of impaired fasting glucose occurred. Compared with Group 1, Group 3 was associated with higher subsequent risk of incident hyperglycemia in 9 years of follow-up (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.61). No association was found for incident diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. Among males, Group 3 was associated with higher risk of incident hyperglycemia in 9 years of follow-up (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.94). No relationship was found in females. Conclusions Energy intake distribution characterized by over 40% of energy intake from dinner with a rising trend over years was associated with higher long-term risk of hyperglycemia in Chinese adults.

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Degree of Blood Pressure Control and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults With Hypertension

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.017015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Zhang ◽

Jing Nie ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Jianping Li ◽

Min Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Propensity Scores ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Normal Fasting Glucose ◽

Diagnosed Diabetes

Background The association between blood pressure (BP) control and incident diabetes mellitus remains unknown. We aim to investigate the association between degree of time‐averaged on‐treatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) control and incident diabetes mellitus in hypertensive adults. Methods and Results A total of 14 978 adults with hypertension without diabetes mellitus at baseline were included from the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). Participants were randomized double‐masked to daily enalapril 10 mg and folic acid 0.8 mg or enalapril 10 mg alone. BP measurements were taken every 3 months after randomization. The primary outcome was incident diabetes mellitus, defined as physician‐diagnosed diabetes mellitus, or use of glucose‐lowering drugs during follow‐up, or fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL at the exit visit. Over a median of 4.5 years, a significantly higher risk of incident diabetes mellitus was found in participants with time‐averaged on‐treatment SBP 130 to <140 mm Hg (10.3% versus 7.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15‒1.64), compared with those with SBP 120 to <130 mm Hg. Moreover, the risk of incident diabetes mellitus increased by 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.00‒1.53) and the incidence of regression to normal fasting glucose (<100 mg/dL) decreased by 29% (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57‒0.89) in participants with intermediate BP control (SBP/diastolic blood pressure, 130 to <140 and/or 80 to <90 mm Hg), compared with those with a tight BP control of <130/<80 mm Hg. Similar results were found when the time‐averaged BP were calculated using the BP measurements during the first 6‐ or 24‐month treatment period, or in the analysis using propensity scores. Conclusions In this non‐diabetic, hypertensive population, SBP control in the range of 120 to <130 mm Hg, compared with the 130 to <140 mm Hg, was associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes mellitus.

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Effects of posterior tibial slope on the mid-term results of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Arthroplasty ◽

10.1186/s42836-021-00070-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhijie Chen ◽

Kaizhe Chen ◽

Yufei Yan ◽

Jianmin Feng ◽

Yi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Tibial Slope ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Postoperative Knee ◽

Group 1

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of medial posterior tibial slope (PTS) on mid-term postoperative range of motion (ROM) and functional improvement of the knee after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Methods Medical records of 113 patients who had undergone 124 medial UKAs between April 2009 through April 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up lasted 7.6 years (range, 6.2–11.2 years). Collected were demographic data, including gender, age, height, weight of the patients. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee radiographs of the operated knees were available in all patients. The knee function was evaluated during office follow-up or hospital stay. Meanwhile, postoperative PTS, ROM, maximal knee flexion and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score (pre−/postoperative) of the operated side were measured and assessed. According to the size of the PTS, patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (<4°), group 2 (4° ~ 7°) and group 3 (>7°). The association between PTS and the knee function was investigated. Results In our cohort, the average PTS was 2.7° ± 0.6° in group 1, 5.6° ± 0.9° in group 2 and 8.7° ± 1.2° in group 3. Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences among them (p < 0.01). The average maximal flexion range of postoperative knees in each group was 112.4° ± 5.6°, 116.4° ± 7.2°, and 117.5° ± 6.1°, respectively, with significant difference found between group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05), and between group 1 and group 3 (p < 0.05). However, the gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) did not differ between three groups and there was no significant difference between groups in terms of pre−/postoperative HSS scores or postoperative knee ROM. Conclusion A mid-term follow-up showed that an appropriate PTS (4° ~ 7°) can help improve the postoperative flexion of knee. On the other hand, too small a PTS could lead to limited postoperative knee flexion. Therefore, the PTS less than 4° should be avoided during medial UKA.

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The Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000515639 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Emre Erdem ◽

Ahmet Karatas ◽

Tevfik Ecder

Keyword(s):

Serum Ferritin ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Rank Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Group 1

Introduction: The effect of high serum ferritin levels on long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients is unknown. The relationship between serum ferritin levels and 5-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients was investigated in this study. Methods: A total of 173 prevalent hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The patients were followed for up to 5 years and divided into 3 groups according to time-averaged serum ferritin levels (group 1: serum ferritin <800 ng/mL, group 2: serum ferritin 800–1,500 ng/mL, and group 3: serum ferritin >1,500 ng/mL). Along with the serum ferritin levels, other clinical and laboratory variables that may affect mortality were also included in the Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. Results: Eighty-one (47%) patients died during the 5-year follow-up period. The median follow-up time was 38 (17.5–60) months. The 5-year survival rates of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 44, 64, and 27%, respectively. In group 3, the survival was lower than in groups 1 and 2 (log-rank test, p = 0.002). In group 1, the mortality was significantly lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.05–0.49]; p = 0.001). In group 2, the mortality was also lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.12–0.88]; p = 0.026). No significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 was found (HR [95% CI]: 0.49 [0.23–1.04]; p = 0.063). Conclusion: Time-averaged serum ferritin levels >1,500 ng/mL in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased 5-year all-cause mortality risk.

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Etiology of Cartilage Lesions Does Not Affect Clinical Outcomes of Patellofemoral Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

Cartilage ◽

10.1177/19476035211030991 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194760352110309

Author(s):

Alexandre Barbieri Mestriner ◽

Jakob Ackermann ◽

Gergo Merkely ◽

Pedro Henrique Schmidt Alves Ferreira Galvão ◽

Luiz Felipe Morlin Ambra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Cartilage Lesion ◽

Chondrocyte Implantation ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Autologous Chondrocyte ◽

Group 1

Objective To determine the relationship between cartilage lesion etiology and clinical outcomes after second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) with a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up. Methods A retrospective review of all patients that underwent ACI in the PFJ by a single surgeon was performed. Seventy-two patients with a mean follow-up of 4.2 ± 2.0 years were enrolled in this study and were stratified into 3 groups based on the etiology of PFJ cartilage lesions: patellar dislocation (group 1; n = 23); nontraumatic lesions, including chondromalacia, osteochondritis dissecans, and degenerative defects (group 2; n = 28); and other posttraumatic lesions besides patellar dislocations (group 3; n = 21). Patient’s mean age was 29.6 ± 8.7 years. Patients in group 1 were significantly younger (25.4 ± 7.9 years) than group 2 (31.7 ± 9.6 years; P = 0.025) and group 3 (31.5 ± 6.6 years; P = 0.05). Body mass index averaged 26.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2, with a significant difference between group 1 (24.4 ± 3.2 kg/m2) and group 3 (28.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; P = 0.005). A clinical comparison was established between groups based on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and failure rates. Results Neither pre- nor postoperative PROMs differed between groups ( P > 0.05). No difference was seen in survivorship between groups (95.7% vs. 82.2% vs. 90.5%, P > 0.05). Conclusion Cartilage lesion etiology did not influence clinical outcome in this retrospective study after second generation ACI in the PFJ. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.

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A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94613-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Jundziłł ◽

Piotr Kwieciński ◽

Daria Balcerczyk ◽

Tomasz Kloskowski ◽

Dariusz Grzanka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Urinary Diversion ◽

Porcine Model ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Right ◽

Group 1

AbstractThe use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

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Abstract 021: Higher Levels of Ideal Cardiovascular Health Are Associated With Lower Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Individuals With Normal Fasting Glucose but Not Impaired Fasting Glucose: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Joshua J Joseph ◽

Aleena Bennett ◽

Justin B Echouffo Tcheugui ◽

Valery S Effoe ◽

James Odei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽

Normal Fasting Glucose ◽

Prevention Of Diabetes

Aims/hypothesis: Ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) is associated with lower risk of incident diabetes, but whether this association varies by baseline glycemia (normal [<100 mg/dL] vs. impaired fasting glucose [100-125 mg/dL]) remains to be clarified. We assessed the incidence of diabetes based on American Heart Association (AHA) ICH components stratified by glycemic status to determine whether ICH is more effective for primordial or primary prevention of diabetes among middle-aged and older adults. Methods: This study included 7,662 non-Hispanic whites and African Americans from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study without prevalent diabetes at baseline (2003-2006), who completed the follow-up exam (2013-2016). Participants were categorized as having ideal, intermediate or poor cardiovascular health, as defined by the AHA 2020 Impact Goals, based on baseline ICH components (total cholesterol, blood pressure, dietary intake, tobacco use, physical activity and body-mass index (BMI)). We categorized participants based on their total number of components that were ideal (0-1 “poor”, 2-3 “intermediate”, and 4+ “ideal”). Incident rate ratios (IRR) were calculated using modified poisson regression adjusting for age, sex, education, income, race, alcohol use, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin:creatinine ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. After confirming significant interactions with multiplicative interaction terms and application of likelihood ratio test, we stratified by glycemic status (normal vs. impaired fasting glucose). Results: Among REGARDS participants (mean age 63.0 [SD 8.4] years, 56% female, 26% African American), there were 560 incident diabetes cases (median follow-up 9.5 years). Overall, those with 2-3 and 4+ ICH components vs. 0-1 components had 31% (IRR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61, 0.79) and 71% lower (IRR 0.29; 95% CI 0.20, 0.42) risk of diabetes, respectively. Among 5,930 participants with normal fasting glucose, these risks were 36% (IRR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52, 0.79) and 80% lower (IRR 0.20; 95% CI 0.10, 0.37), while among 1,732 participants with baseline impaired fasting glucose these risks were 8% (IRR 0.92; 95% CI 0.80,1.07) and 13% lower (IRR 0.87; 95% CI 0.58,1.30) (p for interaction by baseline glucose status <0.0001). Conclusions/interpretation: Meeting an increasing number of ideal levels of dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol and BMI was associated with a dose-dependent lower risk of diabetes for individuals with normal fasting glucose but not impaired fasting glucose. This suggests the AHA 2020 guidelines may be more effective for primordial versus primary prevention of diabetes among middle-aged and older adults.

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Evaluation of the TGS TA system for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies

Microbiologia Medica ◽

10.4081/mm.2017.6583 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olivia Arpino ◽

Annalisa Cianflone ◽

Maria Teresa Manco ◽

Alessia Paganini ◽

Massimo De Paschale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Avidity ◽

Past Infection ◽

Recent Infection ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

Igg Avidity ◽

Avidity Test ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background and aims. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the new chemiluminescence TGS TA system of Technogenetics (Milan, Italy) for detecting anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies and IgG avidity. The TGS TA system was compared with our chemiluminescence routinely used system, LIAISON XL, supplied by Diasorin (Saluggia, Italy), for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies. Only in positive IgM samples (retrospective study) and for the IgG avidity (if existent), TGS TA system was compared to an Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) test (VIDAS, BioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France). Materials and methods. Three hundred and one sera samples, from women who came to our centre for the routine follow up pregnancy, were examined with the TGS TA system and divided in 3 groups according to IgG and IgM screening LIAISON XL tests: 106 were non-immune women (Group 1), 100 were pregnant with past infection (Group 2) and 95 were pregnant with positive or equivocal IgM (82 with positive IgG and 13 with negative IgG) (Group 3). Results. The overall concordance of the IgG results between LIAISON XL and TGS TA was 99.3%: 100% in Group 1, 98% in Group 2 and 100% in Group 3. The overall concordance of the IgM results between LIAISON XL and TGS TA was 93.9%: 100% in Group 1, 94% in Group 2 and 82.8% in Group 3. In Group 3, the concordance between the results of the IgG avidity with the ELFA and TGS TA tests was 81.7%. Comparing the clinical diagnosis obtained with our protocol and that of the TGS TA system, the overall concordance was 92.7%: 100% in Group 1, 92.0% in Group 2 and 78.9% in Group 3. Conclusions. The overall concordance of IgG antibodies is excellent for both protocols while for IgM antibodies is very high in the first group and lower in the third group, due to the presence of non-specific IgM subjects in this group. The TGS TA avidity test seems to predict ealier the maturation of the IgG compared to the ELFA test since many samples with low avidity with the ELFA were seen with moderate avidity with TGS TA and all those with borderline avidity with the ELFA were seen with high avidity with TGS TA. This system shows to be a valuable tool with overall good clinical correlation and able to clearly identify nonspecific subjects, those with a non-recent infection.

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Comparison of Changes in Number of Hyperreflective Dots After İntravitreal Ranibizumab or Dexamethasone İmplant in Patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

10.21203/rs.3.rs-736656/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aylin Karalezli ◽

Sema Kaderli ◽

Ahmet Kaderli ◽

Cansu Kaya ◽

Sabahattin Sul

Keyword(s):

First Year ◽

Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Vein Occlusion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Purpose: To compare the effect of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) or intravitreal dexamethasone implants (IVD) on regression of hyperreflective dots (HRDs) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scan in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: 37 eyes of 37 patients with cystoid macular edema who received IVR or IVD and followed up for at least 12 months were included in this study. The patients were divided into three groups according to intravitreal treatment. Group 1 consisted of 12 eyes who received only IVD, group 2 consisted of 10 eyes who received only IVR on a pro re nata and group 3 consisted of 15 eyes who received both IVD and IVR. OCT parameters (CMT, number of HRDs, status of external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ)) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared between the groups over the follow-up time. HRDs were categorized as HRD in inner retinal layers (from the internal limiting membrane to the inner nuclear layer) or HRD in outer retinal layers (from the outer plexiform layer to the outer border of the photoreceptor layer).Results: There was no significant difference between groups in terms of BCVA, CMT, HRDs in the inner and the outer retinal layers at baseline visit. (p˃0.05 for all) Comparing the baseline values in all groups, a significant decrease was observed in CMT in the first year. (For group 1; p=0.013, group 2; p=0.010; group 3, p<0.001) The BCVA was significantly increased after 1 year in all groups. (p=0.001, p=0.006, p<0.001) The mean number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers were significantly decreased in group 1 and group 3. (For group 1; p<0.001, p=0.001, for group 3; p<0.001, p<0.001) However, there was no significant difference in terms of the mean number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers for group 2. (p=0.134, p=0.477) At the first year, the number of HRDs in inner and outer retinal layers was significantly lower in group 1 and group 3 than group 2. (For inner HRDs; group 1 vs. group 2 p=0.007, group 2 vs. group 3 p<0.001. For outer HRDs group 1 vs. group 2 p<0.001, group 2 vs. group 3 p<0.001.) The BCVA was higher in group 3 than group 2 at 1year. (p=0.048). There was no significant difference in terms of post-treatment CMT and the number of HRDs between group 1 and group3 in posthoc tests (p=0.621, p=0.876, and p=0.632).Conclusion: The reduction in HRDs at 12 months and better BCVA after IVD intimates that the HRDs should be considered as inflammatory markers in the follow-up of CME in BRVO. Thus, IVD injection could be more appropriate for patients with higher HRDs after BRVO.

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Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 infection among previously infected or vaccinated employees

10.1101/2021.07.03.21259976 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noah Kojima ◽

Arash Roshani ◽

Matthew Brobeck ◽

Arthur Baca ◽

Jeffrey D Klausner

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Exact Equation ◽

Previous Infection ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Measure Of Association ◽

Observation Period ◽

Group 1

Introduction: The protective effect of previous infection versus vaccination is poorly studied. Among a clinical laboratory that has been conducting routine workforce screening since the beginning of the pandemic, we aimed to assess the relative risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among individuals who were SARS-CoV-2 naive, previously infected, or vaccinated. Methods: Using an electronic laboratory information system, employees were divided into three groups: (1) SARS-CoV-2 naive and unvaccinated, (2) previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (3) vaccinated. Person-days were measured from the date of the employee first test and truncated at the end of the observation period. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as two positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests in a 30-day period. Individuals with fewer than 14 days of follow up were excluded. Incidence estimates and the 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Poisson Exact equation. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used as a measure of association between groups. Analyses were performed on StataSE (StataCorp, College Station, TX). Results: We identified 4313, 254 and 739 employee records for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median age of employees was 29.0 years (interquartile range: 23.6, 39.9). During the observation period, 254, 0, and 4 infections were identified among groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Group 1 had an incidence of 25.9 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 22.8-29.3). Group 2 had an incidence of 0 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0-5.0). Group 3 had an incidence of 1.6 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.04-4.2). The IRR of reinfection among those with previous infection compared to SARS-CoV-2 naive was 0 (95% CI: 0-0.19). The IRR of those vaccinated compared to SARS-CoV-2 naive was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.16). The IRR of those vaccinated compared to prior SARS-CoV-2 was 0 (95% CI: 0-4.98). Conclusion: Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 were associated with decreased risk for infection or re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a routinely screened workforce. The was no difference in the infection incidence between vaccinated individuals and individuals with previous infection. Further research is needed to determine whether our results are consistent with the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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Association of Alcohol Drinking With Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-diabetes: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-955149/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mei Jiao Li ◽

Jing Ren ◽

Wei Sen Zhang ◽

Chao Qiang Jiang ◽

Ya Li Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Genetic Polymorphisms ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Alcohol Drinking ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Incident Type ◽

Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Background To examine associations of baseline alcohol drinking with incident type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose, and explore whether the associations were modified by genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B).Methods Information of alcohol consumption was collected at baseline from 2003 to 2008. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l or post-load glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l at follow-up examination (2008-2012), self-reported type 2 diabetes and/or initiation of hypoglycemia medication or insulin during follow-up. Impaired fasting glucose was defined as fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/l and <7 mmol/l. Results Of 15,716 participants without diabetes and 11,232 participants without diabetes and impaired fasting glucose at baseline, 1,624 (10.33%) developed incident type 2 diabetes, and 1,004 (8.94%) developed incident impaired fasting glucose during average 4 years of follow-up. After adjusting for sex, age, education, occupation, personal annual income, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, health status, family history of diabetes, compared with never drinking, occasional or moderate alcohol drinking was not associated with risk of incident type 2 diabetes+impaired fasting glucose (odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94-1.25, and 0.89 (0.68-1.16), respectively), but heavy alcohol drinking was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes+impaired fasting glucose (1.83, 1.25-2.69). No interactions of sex, overweight/obesity and genetic polymorphisms of ADH1B or ALDH2 genes with alcohol drinking on incident type 2 diabetes and/or impaired fasting glucose were found (p for interaction from 0.12 to 0.81). Conclusions Our results support a detrimental effect of heavy alcohol use on impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. No protective effect was found for those carrying lower risk alleles for ADH1B and ALDH2 genes.

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