scholarly journals Detection and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in exhumated corpses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Plenzig ◽  
F. Holz ◽  
D. Bojkova ◽  
M. Kettner ◽  
J. Cinatl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Negative Cell ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Stability

AbstractPostmortem detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after the exhumation of a corpse can become important, e.g. in the case of subsequent medical malpractice allegations. To date, data on possible detection periods [e.g. by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)] or on the potential infectivity of the virus after an exhumation are rare. In the present study, these parameters were examined in two cases with a time span of approximately 4 months between day of death and exhumation. Using SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on swabs of both lungs and the oropharynx detection was possible with cycle threshold (Ct) values of about 30 despite signs of beginning decay. RT-PCR testing of perioral and perinasal swabs and swabs collected from the inside of the body bag, taken to estimate the risk of infection of those involved in the exhumation, was negative. Cell culture-based infectivity testing was negative for both, lung and oropharyngeal swabs. In one case, RT-PCR testing at the day of death of an oropharyngeal swab showed almost identical Ct values as postmortem testing of an oropharyngeal swab, impressively demonstrating the stability of viral RNA in the intact corpse. However, favorable climatic conditions in the grave have to be taken into account, as it was wintertime with constant low temperatures. Nevertheless, it was possible to demonstrate successful postmortem detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection following exhumation even after months in an earth grave.

AN EPIDEMIOLOGY-CLINICAL CORRELATION OF VIRAL LOAD AS MEASURED BY CYCLE THRESHOLD VALUE BY RT-PCR IN COVID-1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Atrikumar P. Patel ◽  
Palak Shah ◽  
Pavan Acharya ◽  
Monila N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The 2019 novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] was rst documented in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread across the globe resulting in [1]. signicant global morbidity and mortality Diagnosis of COVID-19 is mainly done by nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab RT-PCR (Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction). Real time RT-PCR is of great interest today for detection of SARS- CoV-2 due to its benets as a specic assay.

scholarly journals Performance of Oropharyngeal Swab Testing Compared With Nasopharyngeal Swab Testing for Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019—United States, January 2020–February 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monita R Patel ◽  
Darin Carroll ◽  
Emily Ussery ◽  
Hilary Whitham ◽  
Christopher A Elkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Among 146 nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swab pairs collected ≤7 days after illness onset, Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR) diagnostic results were 95.2% concordant. However, NP swab cycle threshold values were lower (indicating more virus) in 66.7% of concordant-positive pairs, suggesting NP swabs may more accurately detect the amount of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Covid-19 in outpatients—Is fever a useful indicator for SARS-CoV-2 infection?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246312
Author(s):  
Anne Schneider ◽  
Holger Kirsten ◽  
Franziska Lordick ◽  
Florian Lordick ◽  
Christoph Lübbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Telephone Calls

Objective Understanding mild to moderate symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is important in order to identify active cases early and thus counteract transmission. Methods In March 2020, Leipzig University Hospital established an outpatient clinic for patients potentially infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Confirmed cases with mild to moderate symptoms self-isolated at home and were followed-up by daily telephone calls for at least 14 days. Symptoms and course of illness of these patients are reported here. Results From March 20 to April 17, 2020, 1460 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by naso- or oropharyngeal swab for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Covid-19 was confirmed in 91 (6.2%) patients, of which 87 were included in the final analysis. Patients presented for testing after a mean of 5.9 days (IQR = 2.0–8.5). The median age was 37.0 years (IQR = 28.5–53), and 48 (55.2%) were female. Five (5.7%) patients required hospital admission during the course of illness. Most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue (n = 64, 74%), cough (n = 58, 67%), and hyposmia/hypogeusia (n = 44, 51%). In contrast to previous reports, fever occurred in less than a third of patients (n = 25, 29%). By day 14, more than half of the patients had recovered completely (n = 37/70, 52.9%). Conclusions Fever seems to be less common in patients of relatively young age diagnosed with mild to moderate Covid-19. This suggests that body temperature alone may be an insufficient indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Feces of Pigs with or without Enteric Disease by Polymerase Chain Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong S. Yang ◽  
Dae S. Song ◽  
So Y. Kim ◽  
Kwang S. Lyoo ◽  
Bong K. Park
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

To establish the sensitive polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method and detect porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from intestines and feces of commercial swine herds with or without enteric disease, intestinal samples from 68 pigs and 29 fecal samples from commercial swine farms were collected. A primer set, forward primer 5′-GAAGAATGGAAGAAGCGG-3′ and reverse primer 5′-CTCACAGCAGTAGACAGGT-3′, could detect the virus at a concentration as low as 2 infectious virions per milliliter under controlled conditions using PK-15 cell-adapted PCV2. The genomic nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 1 (ORF1) PCR products from fecal samples were found to have complete homology with other PCV2s deposited in the GenBank database. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as the other enteric pathogens were also investigated by performing duplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Among 63 pigs with clinical enteric disease, 18 PCV2s (14 from intestines and 4 from feces), 7 TGEVs from intestines, and 18 PEDVs (14 from intestines and 4 from feces) were detected by PCR and the duplex RT-PCR. In 34 pigs (14 from intestines and 20 from feces) without clinical enteric disease, only PCV2 was detected in 19 pigs (3 from intestines and 16 from feces). Both PEDV and PCV2 were found in 6 pigs with clinical enteric disease. Among 15 PCV2 samples that were PCR-positive, 4 were culture-positive at passage level 3 in PK-15 cells. These results reveal that PCV2 is shed through the feces of pigs without clinical enteric disease, which suggests the potentiality of the fecal–oral transmission of PCV2 in feces.

scholarly journals Development of a Quantitative One-Step RT-PCR Method for the Detection of Sabin 2 Virus Contamination in a Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Hasmik Manukyan ◽  
Erman Tritama ◽  
Rahnuma Wahid ◽  
Azeem Ansari ◽  
John Konz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Contamination ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
One Step ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

To control circulating vaccine-derived type 2 poliovirus outbreaks, a more genetically stable novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) was developed by targeted modifications of Sabin 2 genome. Since the use of OPV2 made of Sabin 2 strain has been stopped, it is important to exclude the possibility that batches of nOPV2 are contaminated with Sabin 2 virus. Here, we report the development of a simple quantitative one-step reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and quantitation of Sabin 2 virus in the presence of overwhelming amounts of nOPV2 strain. The method is specific and linear within 8 log10 range even in the presence of relevant amounts of nOPV2 virus. It is sensitive, with a lower limit of detection of 0.2 CCID50/mL (an equivalent of 198 genome copies per mL), and generates reproducible results. This assay can be used for quality control and lot release of the nOPV2.

1504: Molecular Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer Using Clusterin in Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 485-486
Author(s):  
Sabarinath B. Nair ◽  
Christodoulos Pipinikas ◽  
Roger Kirby ◽  
Nick Carter ◽  
Christiane Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Expression of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein V in Human Megakaryocytes and Megakaryocytic Cell Lines: A Study Using a Novel Monoclonal Antibody against GPV

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 762-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Takafuta ◽  
Kingo Fujirmura ◽  
Hironori Kawano ◽  
Masaaki Noda ◽  
Tetsuro Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Megakaryocytic Cell

SummaryGlycoprotein V (GPV) is a platelet membrane protein with a molecular weight of 82 kD, and one of the leucine rich glycoproteins (LRG). By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), GPV cDNA was amplified from mRNA of platelets and megakaryocytic cell lines. However, since there are few reports indicating whether GPV protein is expressed in megakaryocytes as a lineage and maturation specific protein, we studied the GPV expression at the protein level by using a novel monoclonal antibody (1D9) recognizing GPV. Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that GPV was detected on the surface and in the cytoplasm of only the megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspirates. In a megakaryocytic cell line UT-7, GPV antigen increased after treatment with phorbol-12-myri-state-13-acetate (PMA). These data indicate that only megakaryocytes specifically express the GPV protein among hematopoietic cells and that the expression of GPV increases with differentiation of the megakaryocyte as GPIb-IX complex.

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

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