scholarly journals The role of PMCT for the assessment of the cause of death in natural disaster (landslide and flood): a Sicilian experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mondello ◽  
Gennaro Baldino ◽  
Antonio Bottari ◽  
Daniela Sapienza ◽  
Fabrizio Perri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Virtual Autopsy ◽  
External Inspection

AbstractIn this report, the authors provide a contribution of PMCT in assessing the cause of death due to natural disasters. Here, the PMCT findings of 43 subjects who died during both landslide and flood were described. The post-mortem imaging revealed, clearly, traumatic injuries and/or the presence of foreign material in airways allowing to assess the cause of death of each subject, together with external inspection and the collected circumstantial data. Particularly, the PMCT has been helpful for characterization and localization of the clogging substance in airways providing findings on bronchial branches involvement. Moreover, the investigation offered detailed data on skeletal injuries in all anatomic districts and put in evidence both the precise fracturing site and the characteristics of fracture stubs for each bone fracture. This report supports the recommendation of the virtual autopsy in a case with several victims, as in natural disasters, and its role as an alternative diagnostic investigation when the standard autopsy is not feasible.

scholarly journals Mors Gaudet Succurrere Vitae. The Role of Clinical Autopsy in Preventing Litigation Related to the Management of Liver and Digestive Disorders

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Stefano D’Errico ◽  
Martina Zanon ◽  
Michela Peruch ◽  
Monica Concato ◽  
Martina Padovano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Over the last 50 years, the number of clinical autopsies has decreased, but their role in assessing cause of death and clinical performance is still acknowledged. Few publications have studied their role in malpractice claim prevention. The paper aims to highlight the role of clinical autopsy in preventing errors and improve healthcare quality. A retrospective study was conducted on 28 clinical autopsies performed between 2015 and 2021 on patients dead unexpectedly after procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive and hepatic diseases. After an accurate analysis of medical records and consultation with healthcare professionals, all cases were subjected to autopsy and histopathology. The data obtained were analyzed and shared with the risk-management team to identify pitfalls and preventive strategies. Post-mortem evaluations confirmed the clinical diagnosis only in six cases (21.4%). Discordances were observed in 10 cases (35.7%). In the remaining 12 cases (42.9%) the clinical diagnosis was labeled as “unknown” and post-mortem examinations made it possible to document the cause of death. Post-mortem examinations can concretely enrich hospital prevention systems and improve patient safety. The methodological approach outlined certainly demonstrates that, even in the risk-management field, “mors gaudet succurrere vitae” (“death delights in helping life”).

Identifying the correct cause of death: The role of post-mortem computed tomography in sudden unexplained death

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-212
Author(s):  
Matthew Clarke ◽  
Angus McGregor ◽  
Claire Robinson ◽  
Jasmin Amoroso ◽  
Bruno Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Sudden Unexplained Death ◽  
Unexplained Death

scholarly journals Role of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) in the assessment of the challenging diagnosis of pericardial tamponade as cause of death in cases with hemopericardium

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Filograna ◽  
Patrick Laberke ◽  
Garyfalia Ampanozi ◽  
Wolf Schweitzer ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Pericardial Tamponade ◽  
Post Mortem

Infanticide attacks and associated epimeletic behaviour in free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Díaz López ◽  
Alfredo López ◽  
Séverine Methion ◽  
Pablo Covelo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
The World ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Free Ranging

Infanticide is considered a conspicuous expression of sexual conflict amongst mammals, including bottlenose dolphins. Although reported previously in this species, confirmed cases of infanticide and associated epimeletic behaviour are very rare and their socio-behavioural context remains poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence of epimeletic and infanticide behaviours in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins in Galicia, NW Spain. After describing the observed events, we include a complete description of the post-mortem examinations (where the carcasses were recovered) in order to confirm the cause of death. With evidences of blunt trauma in two of the presented cases, we confirm that the calves were intentionally killed by adult individuals. The aggressive interaction between adult individuals and the neonates together with the observed ante-mortem injuries bore a strong resemblance to the behaviours and traumatic injuries described in other cases of violent dolphin interactions in other parts of the world. The circumstances under which these infanticides occurred at our site fit the conditions proposed under the sexual selection hypothesis. The difficulties for researchers to observe this type of behaviour in the field and to find carcasses in good enough condition to determine the cause of death, emphasizes the importance of this type of study.

Alcohol and Accidental Submersion from Watercraft and Surrounds

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon D. Plueckhahn
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Scientific Assessment ◽  
Death By Drowning

Death by ‘drowning’ is classically considered asphyxiai in nature although there is frequently little evidence to support this concept at post-mortem examination. The results of the use of two simple tests as an aid to the scientific assessment of the cause of death of deceased persons found dead in salt and fresh water are given. The role of prior consumption of alcohol in deaths by immersion is discussed.

Wiser Reasoning and Less Disgust Have the Potential to Better Achieve Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chao S. Hu ◽  
Jiajia Ji ◽  
Jinhao Huang ◽  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Dong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Prevention Techniques

Abstract. Background: High school and university teachers need to advise students against attempting suicide, the second leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds. Aims: To investigate the role of reasoning and emotion in advising against suicide. Method: We conducted a study with 130 students at a university that specializes in teachers' education. Participants sat in front of a camera, videotaping their advising against suicide. Three raters scored their transcribed advice on "wise reasoning" (i.e., expert forms of reasoning: considering a variety of conditions, awareness of the limitation of one's knowledge, taking others' perspectives). Four registered psychologists experienced in suicide prevention techniques rated the transcripts on the potential for suicide prevention. Finally, using the software Facereader 7.1, we analyzed participants' micro-facial expressions during advice-giving. Results: Wiser reasoning and less disgust predicted higher potential for suicide prevention. Moreover, higher potential for suicide prevention was associated with more surprise. Limitations: The actual efficacy of suicide prevention was not assessed. Conclusion: Wise reasoning and counter-stereotypic ideas that trigger surprise probably contribute to the potential for suicide prevention. This advising paradigm may help train teachers in advising students against suicide, measuring wise reasoning, and monitoring a harmful emotional reaction, that is, disgust.

Home Equity and Labor Income: The Role of Constrained Mobility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhakrishnan Gopalan ◽  
Barton Hamilton ◽  
Ankit Kalda ◽  
David Sovich
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Job Tenure ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Nonlinear Relation ◽  
Local Employment

Abstract Using detailed data for U.S. homeowners, we document a negative, nonlinear relation between the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of homeowners' primary residence and their labor income. Consistent with high LTV individuals experiencing constrained mobility, we find stronger effects among subprime, liquidity-constrained individuals and those living in regions with limited alternative local employment opportunities and strict noncompete law enforcement. Though high LTV individuals are less likely to move across MSAs, they are more likely to change jobs without changing their residence. We find no effects among similar neighboring renters employed at the same firm and with a similar job tenure.

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