Age-related changes in muscle thickness and echo intensity of trunk muscles in healthy women: comparison of 20–60s age groups

Ultrasonic echo intensity (EI), an easy-to-use measure of intramuscular fat and fibrous tissues, is known to increase with aging. However, age-related changes in EI have not been examined in a longitudinal design. The objective of this study was to investigate 4-yr longitudinal changes in the EI of the quadriceps femoris in older adults, based on difference in physical activity (PA). This study included 131 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 72.9 ± 5.2 yr. Subcutaneous fat thickness (FT), muscle thickness (MT), and EI of the quadriceps femoris were measured by ultrasound. Isometric knee extensor strength was also measured. PA was assessed using a questionnaire at baseline, and participants were classified into the high or low PA groups. In 4 yr, a significant decrease in FT, MT, and strength was observed in both groups ( P < 0.05), whereas a significant decrease in EI was observed only in the high PA group ( P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the difference in PA was a significant predictor of 4-yr changes in MT (β = 0.189, P = 0.031) and EI (β = −3.145, P = 0.045) but not in the body mass index, FT, or strength adjusted for potential confounders. The present findings suggest that greater PA has a positive effect on longitudinal changes in the MT and EI of the quadriceps femoris in older adults. In addition, greater PA may contribute to a future decrease in EI, and an increase in EI may not occur in 4 yr, even in older adults with lesser PA. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results suggest that greater physical activity (PA) may mitigate future changes in muscle thickness and echo intensity (EI). A decrease in EI over 4 yr was observed in older adults with greater PA, and an increase in EI was not observed, even in older adults with smaller PA. Several cross-sectional studies demonstrated an increase in EI with aging. Additionally, the results of our longitudinal study suggest that an age-related increase in EI may be moderated after the old-age period.

Download Full-text

Age-related changes in behavioural and emotional problems in Smith–Magenis syndrome measured with the Developmental Behavior Checklist

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1177/1744629519901056 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174462951990105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Heidi Elisabeth Nag ◽

Terje Nærland

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Chromosome 17 ◽

Adaptive Behaviour ◽

Genetic Syndrome ◽

Developmental Behavior ◽

Age Related ◽

Autism Symptomatology ◽

Behavioural And Emotional Problems ◽

Age Related Changes

Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a genetic syndrome most often caused by a deletion on chromosome 17 or more rarely by a mutation in the retinoic acid-induced 1 gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC) profile of persons with SMS and the associations between behavioural and emotional problems, age, gender, adaptive behaviour and autism symptomatology. Twenty-eight persons with SMS were represented by their parents in this study. DBC Total scores are reduced with age, but they still show a mean that is clearly above the cut-off of 46. The differences between the age groups <9 years and 9–17 years ( p = 0.024) and between the age groups <9 years and >18 years ( p = 0.007) are significant. We found a significant decrease in behavioural and emotional problems with age in SMS. We did not find a relationship between adapted behaviour and communication and behavioural and emotional problems.

Download Full-text

Ultrasonography Comparison of Muscle Thickness and Echo Intensity of the Trunk Muscles and Psoas Major in Healthy Young and Elderly Females

Rigakuryoho Kagaku ◽

10.1589/rika.35.245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 245-249

Author(s):

Shoya WAKANA ◽

Takuya KITAMURA ◽

Masaru KANDA ◽

Naritoshi SATO

Keyword(s):

Muscle Thickness ◽

Trunk Muscles ◽

Echo Intensity ◽

Psoas Major

Download Full-text

Investigation of Age-Related Changes in the Skin Microbiota of Korean Women

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8101581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1581

Author(s):

Minseok Kim ◽

Tansol Park ◽

Jung Im Yun ◽

Hye Won Lim ◽

Na Rae Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Korean Women ◽

Skin Microbiota ◽

Microbial Distribution ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

The microbiota of human skin is influenced by host and environmental factors. To determine if chronological age influences the composition of the skin microbiota on the forehead and hands, 73 Korean women were sorted into one of three age groups: (1) 10–29 years (n = 24), (2) 30–49 years (n = 21), and (3) 50–79 years (n = 28). From the 73 women, 146 skin samples (two skin sites per person) were collected. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was then conducted to analyze the skin microbiota. The overall microbial distribution varied on the forehead but was similar on the hands across the three age groups. In addition, the composition of the skin microbiota differed between the forehead and hands. Commensal microbiota, such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Cutibacterium, and Corynebacterium, which contribute to maintaining skin health via dominant occupation, were affected by increasing age on forehead and hand skin. Alpha diversity indices increased significantly with age on forehead skin. This study indicates that older people may be more susceptible to pathogenic invasions due to an imbalanced skin microbiota resulting from age-related changes. The results of our study may help develop new strategies to rebalance skin microbiota shifted during aging.

Download Full-text

Age Related Changes in Weight of the Thymus Gland of Bangladeshi People

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.3329/bja.v8i1.6101 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10-12

Author(s):

Meherunnessa Begum ◽

Uttam Kumar Paul ◽

Md Jahangir Alam

Keyword(s):

Effect of aging on tracheal mucociliary clearance in beagle dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1987.62.3.1331 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 1331-1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. L. Whaley ◽

B. A. Muggenburg ◽

F. A. Seiler ◽

R. K. Wolff

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Gamma Camera ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Velocity Measurements ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes ◽

Made In

Tracheal mucous velocity measurements were made in 24 beagle dogs in five age groups, using a gamma camera to detect movement of instilled 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin. Age groups were defined as immature (9–10 mo), young adult (2.8–3.0 yr), middle aged (6.7–6.9 yr), mature (9.6–9.8 yr), and aged dogs (13.6–16.2 yr). Mean velocities were 3.6 +/- 0.4 (SE) mm/min in the immature dogs, 9.7 +/- 0.6 mm/min in the young adults, 6.9 +/- 0.5 mm/min in the middle-aged dogs, 3.5 +/- 0.8 mm/min in the mature dogs, and 2.9 +/- 0.5 mm/min in the aged dogs. Tracheal mucous velocity was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in the young adult and middle-aged groups compared with the immature, mature, and aged dogs. This pattern of age-related changes was noted to be similar to age-related changes described for certain pulmonary function measurements.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Age-Related Changes on Masticatory Function in a Population with Normal Dentition

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6899

Author(s):

Seonhui Kim ◽

Re-Mee Doh ◽

Leegang Yoo ◽

Sol-Ah Jeong ◽

Bock-Young Jung

Keyword(s):

Dental Treatment ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Age Groups ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Bite Force ◽

Tongue Pressure ◽

Masticatory Performance ◽

Masticatory Function ◽

Age Related

This study aimed to investigate the influence of changes in age-related physiological muscular and dental factors on masticatory function. This study was conducted in 211 healthy participants divided into four different age groups: 20–45 years (Gr1); 45–60 years (Gr2); 61–70 years (Gr3); and ≥71 years (Gr4). For objective evaluation of masticatory function, the masticatory performance, bite force, posterior bite area (PBA), functional tooth units (FTUs), the number of remaining teeth, tongue pressure, masseter muscle thickness (MMT), and handgrip strength were examined. Food intake ability (FIA) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 score were assessed subjectively using questionnaires. A significant decrease in the number of remaining teeth, FTUs, handgrip strength, and FIA was found in Gr4, and a significant decrease in the tongue pressure, PBA, and bite force was found in those aged ≥61 years. In groups 1 and 3, an association of the PBA with masticatory performance was observed. However, there was no significant decreasing trend in the MMT with respect to masticatory performance with aging. With sufficient FTUs and posterior tooth support, although age-dependent decreases in the bite force, tongue pressure and handgrip strength were observed, masticatory performance was maintained. Establishing the PBA by improving occlusion through dental treatment is thought to be important for masticatory function.

Download Full-text

Maximal lactate steady state declines during the aging process

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00298.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 2576-2582 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Craig O. Mattern ◽

Margaret J. Gutilla ◽

Darrin L. Bright ◽

Timothy E. Kirby ◽

Kenneth W. Hinchcliff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Age Groups ◽

Type I ◽

Training Intensity ◽

Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽

Age Related ◽

Competitive Cyclists ◽

Age Related Changes

Increased participation of aged individuals in athletics warrants basic research focused on delineating age-related changes in performance variables. On the basis of potential age-related declines in aerobic enzyme activities and a shift in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, we hypothesized that maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) exercise intensity would be altered as a function of age. Three age groups [young athletes (YA), 25.9 ± 1.0 yr, middle-age athletes (MA), 43.2 ± 1.0 yr, and older athletes (OA), 64.6 ± 2.7 yr] of male, competitive cyclists and triathletes matched for training intensity and duration were studied. Subjects performed a maximal O2 consumption (V̇o2 max) test followed by a series of 30-min exercise trials to determine MLSS. A muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis was procured on a separate visit. There were differences ( P < 0.05) in V̇o2 max among all age groups (YA = 67.7 ± 1.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1, MA = 56.0 ± 2.6 ml · kg-1 · min-1, OA = 47.0 ± 2.6 ml · kg-1 · min-1). When expressed as a percentage of V̇o2 max, there was also an age-related decrease ( P < 0.05) in the relative MLSS exercise intensity (YA = 80.8 ± 0.9%, MA = 76.1 ± 1.4%, OA = 69.9 ± 1.5%). There were no significant age-related changes in citrate synthase activity or MHC isoform profile. The hypothesis is supported as there is an age-related decline in MLSS exercise intensity in athletes matched for training intensity and duration. Although type I MHC isoform, combined with age, is helpful in predicting ( r = 0.76, P < 0.05) relative MLSS intensity, it does not explain the age-related decline in MLSS.

Download Full-text

Orienting Responses as a Function of Age and Task Complexity

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1976.42.2.543 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 543-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Roger L. Greene

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Visual Stimulus ◽

Task Complexity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Age Related ◽

Stimulus Content ◽

Stimulus Offset ◽

Age Related Changes ◽

And Task

Age-related differences in the elicitation and habituation of orienting responses to the onset and offset of stimuli have been suggested by several authors. Electrodermal and cardiac orienting responses to the onset and offset of a visual stimulus were measured in three age groups (4 yr., 7 yr., and undergraduate). Each S made one of three judgments: non-signal (observe stimulus), content (color of stimulus), and duration (length of time stimulus presented). Few age differences were found in elicitation or habituation of orienting responses to stimulus onset or offset. There was a trend for elicitation of orienting responses to stimulus offset to be age-related, but the failure to find any other age-related changes made this difference somewhat questionable. Instructions as to the judgment to be made by S were the primary determinants of orienting responses to stimulus onset and offset across all age groups.

Download Full-text