Exercise training improves vascular function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Purpose Vascular dysfunction has been demonstrated in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exercise is known to positively affect vascular function. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate exercise-induced effects on vascular function in AD. Methods Thirty-nine patients with AD (79 ± 8 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to exercise training (EX, n = 20) or control group (CTRL, n = 19). All subjects performed 72 treatment sessions (90 min, 3 t/w). EX included moderate–high-intensity aerobic and strength training. CTRL included cognitive stimuli (visual, verbal, auditive). Before and after the 6-month treatment, the vascular function was measured by passive-leg movement test (PLM, calculating the variation in blood flow: ∆peak; and area under the curve: AUC) tests, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD, %). A blood sample was analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Arterial blood flow (BF) and shear rate (SR) were measured during EX and CTRL during a typical treatment session. Results EX group has increased FMD% (+ 3.725%, p < 0.001), PLM ∆peak (+ 99.056 ml/min, p = 0.004), AUC (+ 37.359AU, p = 0.037) and VEGF (+ 8.825 pg/ml, p = 0.004). In the CTRL group, no difference between pre- and post-treatment was found for any variable. Increase in BF and SR was demonstrated during EX (BF + 123%, p < 0.05; SR + 134%, p < 0.05), but not during CTRL treatment. Conclusion Exercise training improves peripheral vascular function in AD. These ameliorations may be due to the repetitive increase in SR during exercise which triggers NO and VEGF upregulation. This approach might be included in standard AD clinical practice as an effective strategy to treat vascular dysfunction in this population.

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Association of Cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors with Intracranial Arterial Blood Flow in Whites and African Americans

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-190645 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 919-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lindsay R. Clark ◽

Derek Norton ◽

Sara E. Berman ◽

Sterling C. Johnson ◽

Barbara B. Bendlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Blood Flow ◽

African Americans ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Blood

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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT OCCLUSION PRESSURE ON PECULIARITIES OF MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v1i108.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (108) ◽

pp. 2-8

Author(s):

Kęstutis Bunevičius ◽

Albinas Grunovas ◽

Jonas Poderys

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Control Group ◽

Reactive Hyperaemia ◽

Occlusion Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Flow Intensity ◽

Blood Flow Intensity

Background. Occlusion pressure intensity influences the blood flow intensity. Immediately after the cuff pressure is released, reactive hyperaemia occurs. Increased blood flow and nutritive delivery are critical for an anabolic stimulus, such as insulin. The aim of study was to find which occlusion pressure was optimal to increase the highest level of post occlusion reactive hyperaemia. Methods. Participants were randomly assigned into one of the four conditions (n = 12 per group): control group without blood flow restriction, experimental groups with 120; 200 or 300 mmHg occlusion pressure. We used venous occlusion plethysmography and arterial blood pressure measurements. Results. After the onset of 120 and 200 mm Hg pressure occlusion, the blood flow intensity significantly decreased. Occlusion induced hyperaemia increased arterial blood flow intensity 134 ± 11.2% (p < .05) in the group with 120 mmHg, in the group with 200 mmHg it increased 267 ± 10.5% (p < .05), in the group with 300 mmHg it increased 233 ± 10.9% (p < .05). Applied 300 mmHg occlusion from the 12 minute diastolic and systolic arterial blood pressure decreased statistically significantly. Conclusions. Occlusion manoeuvre impacted the vascular vasodilatation, but the peak blood flow registered after occlusion did not relate to applied occlusion pressure. The pressure of 200 mmHg is optimal to impact the high level of vasodilatation. Longer than 12 min 300 mmHg could not be recommended due to the steep decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

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[IC-P-114]: EXERCISE TRAINING AND CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER's DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE AEROBIC EXERCISE AND COGNITIVE HEALTH (REACH) STUDY

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.2388 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (7S_Part_2) ◽

pp. P89-P90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan J. Dougherty ◽

Elizabeth A. Boots ◽

Howard A. Rowley ◽

Bruce P. Hermann ◽

Mark A. Sager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Cognitive Health

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EFFICACY OF FREE AUTOVENOUS TRANSPLANT IN FEMORAL-POPLITEAL BYPASS BELOW THE JOINT SPACE OF THE KNEE

Grekov s Bulletin of Surgery ◽

10.24884/0042-4625-2016-175-4-75-79 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 175 (4) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

B. S. Sykovatykh ◽

L. N. Belikov ◽

M. B. Sykovatykh ◽

D. V. Sidorov ◽

M. A. Inarkhov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Joint Space ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Critical Ischemia ◽

Shunt Thrombosis ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Arterial Blood

The article presents an analysis of complex examination and treatment of 60 patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities due to atherosclerotic lesions of femoral-poplitealtibia segment. Typical traditional autovenous bypass of reverse big saphena was performed for the first (control) group of patients. The operation, which used an original technology by free autovenous transplant with collapsed valves without vein reverse, was completed for the second (experimental) group of patients. An application of original treatment technology allowed an increase of blood flow volume in the extremity in 1,5 times, an arterial blood flow - in 1,6 times, rate of microcirculation - in 1,3 times. An early postoperative complications were decreased on 23,4%, the late shunt thrombosis - on 40%. Long-term shunt passability was improved in 2,6 times and physical component of health - on 10,6%, psychological - on 4,3%. The shunt functioned in 36,7% of the first group and in 83,3% patients of the second group after two years since operation. The extremity was saved in 60% of the first group and 90% patients of the second group.

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Vascular Alterations Among Young Adults with SARS-CoV-2

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00897.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen M. Ratchford ◽

Jonathon Lee Stickford ◽

Valesha M Province ◽

Nina Stute ◽

Marc Andrew Augenreich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: While SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lungs, the virus may be inflicting detriments to the cardiovascular system, both directly through angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor as well as initiating systemic inflammation. Persistent systemic inflammation may be provoking vascular dysfunction, an early indication of cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: In order to establish the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the systemic vasculature in the arms and legs, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of young healthy adults (Control: 5M/15F, 23.0±1.3y, 167±9cm, 63.0±7.4kg) and young adults who, 3-4 weeks prior to testing, had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2: 4M/7F, 20.2±1.1y, 172±12cm, 69.5±12.4kg) (mean±SD). Using Doppler ultrasound, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the arm and single passive limb movement (sPLM) in the leg were assessed as markers of vascular function. Pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) was assessed as a marker of arterial stiffness. Results: FMD was lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group (2.71±1.21%) compared to the Control group (8.81±2.96%) (P<0.01) and when made relative to the shear stimulus (SARS-CoV-2: 0.04±0.02AU, Control: 0.13±0.06AU, P<0.01). The femoral artery blood flow response, as evidenced by the area under the curve, from the sPLM was lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group (-3±91ml) compared with the Control group (118±114ml) (P<0.01). PWVcf was higher in the SARS-CoV-2 group (5.83±0.62m/s) compared with the Control group (5.17±0.66m/s) (P<0.01). Conclusions: Significantly lower systemic vascular function and higher arterial stiffness are evident weeks after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among young adults compared to controls.

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Blood supply of the anal canal in patients with chronic hemorrhoids

Journal of Education, Health and Sport ◽

10.12775/jehs.2021.11.04.022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 217-221

Author(s):

Serhii Sidoruk

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Anal Canal ◽

Blood Supply ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Internal Sphincter ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Vascular Factor ◽

Two Factors

The most important factors in the development of chronic haemorrhoids today are considered to be the combination of two factors (vascular and mechanical) that lead to the development of hemorrhoids. The underlying vascular factor is the vascular dysfunction, providing arterial blood flow through the arteries to the cavernous bodies and outflow through the cavernous veins, which leads to dilation of cavernous bodies and the formation of vascular malformations.There were performed clinical examination and treatment of 140 patients with chronic hemorrhoids of stage III-IV according to Goligher. The features of arterial blood supply of the anal canal were evaluated by transrectal ultrasound examination.It was found that there was no clear linear relationship between the number of anal arteries with increased blood flow and the number of hemorrhoidal nodes in the patient. Each node was supplied with blood from one or two arteries: the node placed at 11 o'clock had blood supply from the arteries visualized at 10 and 11 o'clock, the node at 3 o'clock - arteries at 3 and 5 o'clock, the node at 7 o'clock - arteries at 7 and 9 o'clock. The arteries were most frequently visualized at the first (89.4%), the third (93.3%), the seventh (88.8%) and the eleventh (93.4%) hours. With less frequency the hemodynamically significant arteries were visualized at the fifth (65.0%), the ninth (62.8%) and the tenth (66.7%) hours. The arteries that were suppliing blood hemorrhoidal vessels were located in the internal sphincter at a depth of 5 to 10 mm. In the area of 3, 7 and 11 hours, they overlapped with a mosaic pattern that corresponded to the localization of the cavernous body and resembled an arteriovenous fistula according to the СDS.

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[P2-571]: EXERCISE TRAINING AND CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER's DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE AEROBIC EXERCISE AND COGNITIVE HEALTH (REACH) STUDY

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (7S_Part_17) ◽

pp. P865-P865

Author(s):

Ryan J. Dougherty ◽

Elizabeth A. Boots ◽

Howard A. Rowley ◽

Bruce P. Hermann ◽

Mark A. Sager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Preclinical Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Cognitive Health

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Aerobic training status does not attenuate prolonged sitting-induced lower limb vascular dysfunction

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0420 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 425-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ryan S. Garten ◽

Austin C. Hogwood ◽

Jennifer B. Weggen ◽

R. Carson Fralin ◽

Kathryn LaRosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Training Status ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

Leg Movement ◽

The Relationship

This study examined if the degree of aerobic training protects against the lower limb vascular dysfunction associated with a prolonged sitting bout. Ten young, aerobically trained (AT) and 10 young, untrained (UT) individuals completed a prolonged (3 h) sitting bout. Leg vascular function was measured prior to and at 1.5 and 3 h into the prolonged sitting bout using the passive leg movement (PLM) technique. PLM-induced hyperemia was significantly reduced from baseline at 1.5 and 3 h into the prolonged sitting bout in both groups when evaluated as peak change in leg blood flow from baseline (Δ LBF) (UT: 956 ± 140, 586 ± 80, and 599 ± 96 mL·min−1 at baseline, 1.5 h, and 3 h, respectively; AT: 955 ± 183, 789 ± 193, and 712 ± 131 mL·min−1 at baseline, 1.5 h, and 3 h, respectively) and LBF area under the curve (UT: 283 ± 73, 134 ± 31, and 164 ± 42 mL·min−1 at baseline, 1.5 h, and 3 h, respectively; AT: 336 ± 86, 242 ± 86, and 245 ± 73 mL·min−1 at baseline, 1.5 h, and 3 h, respectively), but no significant differences between groups were revealed. No significant correlations were observed when examining the relationship between maximal oxygen uptake (relative and absolute) and reductions in leg vascular function at 1.5 and 3 h into the prolonged sitting bout. This study revealed that aerobic training did not provide a protective effect against prolonged sitting-induced lower limb vascular dysfunction and further highlights the importance of reducing excessive sitting in all populations.

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An ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker decreases diaphragmatic circulation in anesthetized dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.127 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 127-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. Comtois ◽

C. Sinderby ◽

N. Comtois ◽

A. Grassino ◽

J. M. Renaud

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Phrenic Nerve ◽

Spontaneous Breathing ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Control Group ◽

Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽

K Channels ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Tension Time ◽

Experimental Group

The goal of this study was to determine whether in the dog ATP-sensitive K+ channels blocked with glibenclamide affect diaphragmatic blood flow [phrenic arterial blood flow (Qpa)] during both spontaneous breathing at rest and increased diaphragmatic activity. A control group (no glibenclamide; n = 4) and an experimental group (50 mg/kg of glibenclamide; n = 5) were studied. During spontaneous breathing at rest, Qpa was 15.0 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1 and decreased by 5% in the presence of glibenclamide. Diaphragmatic pacing (30 min-1) generated by phrenic nerve pacing produced an initial diaphragmatic tension-time index of 0.25 in both groups. A 50% decay in transdiaphragmatic pressure was reached at 165 s in the experimental group compared with 421 s in the control group. Diaphragmatic pacing increased Qpa by 46% in the experimental group and 65% in the control group, yielding a 63% greater vascular resistance in the experimental group. Phrenic vein K+ content at rest was unchanged by the presence of glibenclamide, being 3.6 +/- 0.16 mmol/l compared with 3.5 +/- 0.19 mmol/l in the control group. Phrenic nerve pacing in the control group produced a 13% increase in phrenic vein K+ content, whereas in the experimental group a 16% decrease was observed. We suggest that ATP-sensitive K+ channels play an important role in the modulation of Qpa.

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