Anaerobic contribution to the time to exhaustion at the minimal exercise intensity at which maximal oxygen uptake occurs in elite cyclists, kayakists and swimmers

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.

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Maximal oxygen uptake, ventilatory thresholds and mechanical power during cycling in Tropical climate in Guadeloupean elite cyclists

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport ◽

10.1016/j.jsams.2009.11.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

O. Hue ◽

S. Antoine-Jonville ◽

O. Galy ◽

S. Blonc

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Mechanical Power ◽

Elite Cyclists

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Metabolic consequences of β-alanine supplementation during exhaustive supramaximal cycling and 4000-m time-trial performance

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2016-0095 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (8) ◽

pp. 864-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Phillip M. Bellinger ◽

Clare L. Minahan

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Power Output ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Time Trial ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Cycling Test ◽

Cycling Time Trial ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

The present study investigated the effects of β-alanine supplementation on the resultant blood acidosis, lactate accumulation, and energy provision during supramaximal-intensity cycling, as well as the aerobic and anaerobic contribution to power output during a 4000-m cycling time trial (TT). Seventeen trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake = 4.47 ± 0.55 L·min−1) were administered 6.4 g of β-alanine (n = 9) or placebo (n = 8) daily for 4 weeks. Participants performed a supramaximal cycling test to exhaustion (equivalent to 120% maximal oxygen uptake) before (PreExh) and after (PostExh) the 4-week supplementation period, as well as an additional postsupplementation supramaximal cycling test identical in duration and power output to PreExh (PostMatch). Anaerobic capacity was quantified and blood pH, lactate, and bicarbonate concentrations were measured pre-, immediately post-, and 5 min postexercise. Subjects also performed a 4000-m cycling TT before and after supplementation while the aerobic and anaerobic contributions to power output were quantified. β-Alanine supplementation increased time to exhaustion (+12.8 ± 8.2 s; P = 0.041) and anaerobic capacity (+1.1 ± 0.7 kJ; P = 0.048) in PostExh compared with PreExh. Performance time in the 4000-m TT was reduced following β-alanine supplementation (−6.3 ± 4.6 s; P = 0.034) and the mean anaerobic power output was likely to be greater (+6.2 ± 4.5 W; P = 0.035). β-Alanine supplementation increased time to exhaustion concomitant with an augmented anaerobic capacity during supramaximal intensity cycling, which was also mirrored by a meaningful increase in the anaerobic contribution to power output during a 4000-m cycling TT, resulting in an enhanced overall performance.

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Is Acute Static Stretching Able to Reduce the Time to Exhaustion at Power Output Corresponding to Maximal Oxygen Uptake?

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181d32f7b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1650-1656 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Felipe A Samogin Lopes ◽

Elton M Menegon ◽

Emerson Franchini ◽

Valmor Tricoli ◽

Rômulo C de M. Bertuzzi

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Power Output ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Static Stretching

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Reliability of time-to-exhaustion and selected psycho-physiological variables during constant-load cycling at the maximal lactate steady-state

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2016-0375 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 142-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Oliver Faude ◽

Anne Hecksteden ◽

Daniel Hammes ◽

Franck Schumacher ◽

Eric Besenius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Constant Load ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Load Tests

The maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) is frequently assessed for prescribing endurance exercise intensity. Knowledge of the intra-individual variability of the MLSS is important for practical application. To date, little is known about the reliability of time-to-exhaustion and physiological responses to exercise at MLSS. Twenty-one healthy men (age, 25.2 (SD 3.3) years; height, 1.83 (0.06) m; body mass, 78.9 (8.9) kg; maximal oxygen uptake, 57.1 (10.7) mL·min−1·kg−1) performed 1 incremental exercise test, and 2 constant-load tests to determine MLSS intensity. Subsequently, 2 open-end constant-load tests (MLSS 1 and 2) at MLSS intensity (3.0 (0.7) W·kg−1, 76% (10%) maximal oxygen uptake) were carried out. During the tests, blood lactate concentrations, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), variables of gas exchange, and core body temperature were determined. Time-to-exhaustion was 50.8 (14.0) and 48.2 (16.7) min in MLSS 1 and 2 (mean change: −2.6 (95% confidence interval: −7.8, 2.6)), respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high for time-to-exhaustion (24.6%) and for mean (4.8 (1.2) mmol·L−1) and end (5.4 (1.7) mmol·L−1) blood lactate concentrations (15.7% and 19.3%). The CV of mean exercise values for all other parameters ranged from 1.4% (core temperature) to 8.3% (ventilation). At termination, the CVs ranged from 0.8% (RPE) to 11.8% (breathing frequency). The low reliability of time-to-exhaustion and blood lactate concentration at MLSS indicates that the precise individual intensity prescription may be challenging. Moreover, the obtained data may serve as reference to allow for the separation of intervention effects from random variation in our sample.

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Comparison of constant load exercise intensity for verification of maximal oxygen uptake following a graded exercise test in older adults

Physiological Reports ◽

10.14814/phy2.15037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (18) ◽

Author(s):

Ian R. Villanueva ◽

John C. Campbell ◽

Serena M. Medina ◽

Theresa M. Jorgensen ◽

Shannon L. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Constant Load ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Constant Load Exercise

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Acute effects of chocolate milk and a commercial recovery beverage on postexercise recovery indices and endurance cycling performance

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h09-104 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1017-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Kelly Pritchett ◽

Philip Bishop ◽

Robert Pritchett ◽

Matt Green ◽

Charlie Katica

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

High Intensity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Chocolate Milk ◽

Significant Difference

To maximize training quality, athletes have sought nutritional supplements that optimize recovery. This study compared chocolate milk (CHOC) with a carbohydrate replacement beverage (CRB) as a recovery aid after intense exercise, regarding performance and muscle damage markers in trained cyclists. Ten regional-level cyclists and triathletes (maximal oxygen uptake 55.2 ± 7.2 mL·kg–1·min–1) completed a high-intensity intermittent exercise protocol, then 15–18 h later performed a performance trial at 85% of maximal oxygen uptake to exhaustion. Participants consumed 1.0 g carbohydrate·kg–1·h–1 of a randomly assigned isocaloric beverage (CHOC or CRB) after the first high-intensity intermittent exercise session. The same protocol was repeated 1 week later with the other beverage. A 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p = 0.91) between trials for time to exhaustion at 85% of maximal oxygen uptake (CHOC 13 ± 10.2 min, CRB 13.5 ± 8.9 min). The change in creatine kinase (CK) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the CRB trial than in the CHOC trial (increase CHOC 27.9 ± 134.8 U·L–1, CRB 211.9 ± 192.5 U·L–1), with differences not significant for CK levels before the second exercise session (CHOC 394.8 ± 166.1 U·L–1, CRB 489.1 ± 264.4 U·L–1) between the 2 trials. These findings indicate no difference between CHOC and this commercial beverage as potential recovery aids for cyclists between intense workouts.

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Critical power in adolescent boys and girls — an exploratory study

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h08-096 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1105-1111 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Craig A. Williams ◽

Jeanne Dekerle ◽

Kerry McGawley ◽

Serge Berthoin ◽

Helen Carter

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Critical Power ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Random Order ◽

Constant Load ◽

Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Intensity Of Exercise

The purpose of the study was to identify critical power (CP) in boys and girls and to examine the physiological responses to exercise at and 10% above CP (CP+10%) in a sub-group of boys. Nine boys and 9 girls (mean age 12.3 (0.5) y performed 3 constant-load tests to derive CP. Eight of the boys then exercised, in random order, at CP and CP+10% until volitional exhaustion. CP was 123 (28) and 91 (26) W for boys and girls, respectively (p < 0.02), which was equivalent to 75 (6) and 72 (10) % of peak oxygen uptake, respectively (p > 0.47). Boys’ time to exhaustion at CP was 18 min 37 s (4 min 13 s), which was significantly longer (p < 0.007) than that at CP+10% (9 min 42 s (2 min 31 s)). End-exercise values for blood lactate concentration (B[La]) and maximal oxygen uptake were higher in the CP+10% trial (5.0 (2.4) mmol·L–1 and 2.15 (0.4) L·min–1, respectively) than in the CP trial, (B[La], 4.7 (2.1) mmol·L–1; maximal oxygen uptake, 2.05 (0.35) L·min–1; p > 0.13). Peak oxygen uptake (expressed as a percentage of the peak value) was not attained at the end of the trials (94 (12) and 98 (14) % for CP and CP+10%, respectively). These results provide information about the boundary between the heavy and severe exercise intensity domains in children, and have demonstrated that CP in a group of boys does not represent a sustainable steady-state intensity of exercise.

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Morning–evening differences in response to exhaustive severe-intensity exercise

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0140 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 248-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David W. Hill

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Uptake Kinetics ◽

Oxygen Deficit ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Severe Intensity

The aim was to investigate the effect of time of day on 4 variables that are related to sport performance. Twenty healthy young men (mean ± SD: 22 ± 3 years, 1.78 ± 0.08 m, 72.0 ± 7.0 kg) performed exhaustive severe-intensity cycle ergometer tests at 278 ± 35 W (3.8 ± 0.4 W·kg–1) in the morning (between 0630 h and 0930 h) and in the evening (between 1700 h and 2000 h). Despite that gross efficiency was lower in the evening (estimated oxygen demand was 6% higher, P < 0.05), time to exhaustion was 20% greater (P < 0.01) in the evening (329 ± 35 s) than in the morning (275 ± 29 s). Performance in the evening was associated with a 4% higher (P < 0.01) maximal oxygen uptake (54 ± 7 mL·kg–1·min–1 vs. 52 ± 6 mL·kg–1·min–1, for the evening and the morning, respectively) and a 7% higher (P < 0.01) anaerobic capacity (as reflected by maximal accumulated oxygen deficit: 75 ± 9 mL·kg–1 vs. 70 ± 7 mL·kg–1, for the evening and the morning, respectively). In addition, oxygen uptake kinetics was faster in the evening, which resulted in slower utilization of the anaerobic reserves. It is concluded that modest morning–evening differences in maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic capacity, and oxygen uptake kinetics conflate to produce a markedly longer performance in the evening than in the morning. Time of day must be considered for exercise testing and perhaps for exercise training.

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