scholarly journals Steps towards a computational ethology: an automatized, interactive setup to investigate filial imprinting and biological predispositions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Zanon ◽  
Bastien S. Lemaire ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Graphic User Interface ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Whole Space ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Filial Imprinting ◽  
Computational Ethology

AbstractSoon after hatching, the young of precocial species, such as domestic chicks or ducklings, learn to recognize their social partner by simply being exposed to it (imprinting process). Even artificial objects or stimuli displayed on monitor screens can effectively trigger filial imprinting, though learning is canalized by spontaneous preferences for animacy signals, such as certain kinds of motion or a face-like appearance. Imprinting is used as a behavioural paradigm for studies on memory formation, early learning and predispositions, as well as number and space cognition, and brain asymmetries. Here, we present an automatized setup to expose and/or test animals for a variety of imprinting experiments. The setup consists of a cage with two high-frequency screens at the opposite ends where stimuli are shown. Provided with a camera covering the whole space of the cage, the behaviour of the animal is recorded continuously. A graphic user interface implemented in Matlab allows a custom configuration of the experimental protocol, that together with Psychtoolbox drives the presentation of images on the screens, with accurate time scheduling and a highly precise framerate. The setup can be implemented into a complete workflow to analyse behaviour in a fully automatized way by combining Matlab (and Psychtoolbox) to control the monitor screens and stimuli, DeepLabCut to track animals’ behaviour, Python (and R) to extract data and perform statistical analyses. The automated setup allows neuro-behavioural scientists to perform standardized protocols during their experiments, with faster data collection and analyses, and reproducible results.

Forces on the Hand in the Tennis Forehand Drive: Application of Force Sensing Resistors

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane V. Knudson ◽  
Scott C. White
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Force Sensing ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Force Transducers ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
High Frequency Vibrations ◽  
Gripping Force

Two force sensing resistor force transducers were utilized to measure the forces on the hand of seven skilled tennis players performing the tennis forehand drive. Repeatable gripping force patterns were recorded for the subjects given the experimental protocol used for the study. The magnitude of the peak postimpact force on the hand was highly variable, ranging from 4 to 309 N, and was found to be related to high-frequency vibrations of the racket. There was less variability in the magnitude of preimpact gripping forces, indicating that the subjects utilized a consistent gripping pattern in preparation for impact. The large within- and between-subject variability of postimpact forces warrant further study in order to establish the range of loadings in tennis play that may be related to overuse injuries.

scholarly journals Impact of broadband seismology on the understanding of strong motions

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-850
Author(s):  
Don Helmberger ◽  
Douglas Dreger ◽  
Richard Stead ◽  
Hiroo Kanamori
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Geometrical Spreading ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Broadband Seismology ◽  
Whole Space ◽  
Low Velocity Layer ◽  
Lower Crustal ◽  
Velocity Layer

Abstract Most analyses of strong motion attenuation assume simple whole-space type geometrical spreading, namely (1/R) or its modified form e−kR/R. However, broadband data presently becoming available suggests a more complex behavior with substantial crustal effects. Events such as the Sierra Madre event, M = 5.8, triggered the strong motion channels at all of the TERRAscope stations allowing for 0.01-sec sampling of the wavefield. We find that most of the well-defined crustal bodywave arrivals defined and modeled in the 1 to 0.1-hz bandpass also contain high-frequency energy. By comparing the triggered channels with the continuous channels we see that several of the more distant stations triggered on the depth phase sPmP. These phases as well as the depth phase sSmS are obvious in velocity and quite apparent in accelerations. Our best models for Southern California contain a relatively thick low-velocity layer at the surface, roughly 5 km thick with shear velocities below 3 km/sec. This layer or zone, because it appears to vary considerably, controls the wavefield at nearly all frequencies out to about 60 km and yields attenuation decay faster than (1/R). At large ranges the lower crustal triplications dominate and the attenuation curve flattens. Adding random scatters to these layered models adds additional complexity but does not alter the basic flat-layer predictions.

Rock Wetting Condition Inferred from Dielectric Response

2000 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yani Carolina Araujo ◽  
Mariela Araujo ◽  
Hernán Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Response ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Dielectric Measurements ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Porous Sample ◽  
Polarization Effects ◽  
Generalized Complex ◽  
Frequency Behavior

AbstractWettability is a manifestation of rock-fluid interactions associated with fluid distribution in porous media. Conventional wettability evaluation is performed by a sequence of spontaneous and forced displacements of different fluids into a porous sample, a method which is costly and time consuming. A new attractive approach is to estimate this quantity from dielectric measurements, since they can be done rapidly and economically.The dielectric frequency response of several rock samples of known wettability condition was studied in the range from 10 Hz to 100 MHz. Samples were saturated with brine and oil. The results confirm the strong influence of wetting condition on dielectric response. Water wet samples have significantly higher values of and (real and imaginary parts of generalized complex permitivity) than oil wet samples. In particular, the high frequency behavior of is most affected. Different regimes are identified as a function of frequency. They correspond to zones where different polarization effects are manifested. We quantify this effect and find a correlation with the modified Amott wettability index. Based on these findings, we propose an experimental protocol for the indirect measurement of wettability at laboratory scale.

scholarly journals Moving beyond "nouns in the lab": Using naturalistic data to understand why infants' first words include uh-oh and hi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Casey ◽  
Christine Potter ◽  
Casey Lew-Williams ◽  
Erica H Wojcik
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Observational Methods ◽  
Object Mapping ◽  
First Words

Why do infants learn some words earlier than others? To explain how and when words are learned, existing theories of word learning prioritize visual information and draw mainly on lab-based studies of noun-to-object mapping. However, words that are more abstract than object nouns, such as uh-oh, hi, more, up, and all-gone, are typically among the first to appear in infants' vocabularies. We combined a behavioral experiment with naturalistic observational research to explore how infants learn and represent this understudied category of high-frequency, routine-based non-nouns, which we term ‘everyday words’. In Study 1, we found that conventional eye-tracking measures of comprehension were insufficient to capture 10- to 16-month-old infants' emerging understanding of everyday words. In Study 2, we analyzed the visual and social scenes surrounding caregivers' and infants' use of everyday words in a naturalistic video corpus. This ecologically-motivated research revealed that everyday words rarely co-occurred with consistent visual referents, making their early learnability difficult to reconcile with dominant word learning theories. Our findings instead point to complex patterns in the types of situations associated with everyday words that could contribute to their early representation in infants’ vocabularies. By leveraging both experimental and observational methods, this investigation underscores the value of using naturalistic data to broaden theories of early learning.

scholarly journals Human intracranial high-frequency activity maps episodic memory formation in space and time

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 834-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Burke ◽  
Nicole M. Long ◽  
Kareem A. Zaghloul ◽  
Ashwini D. Sharan ◽  
Michael R. Sperling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
High Frequency Activity

scholarly journals Spectral fingerprints or spectral tilt? Evidence for distinct oscillatory signatures of memory formation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christin Fellner ◽  
Stephanie Gollwitzer ◽  
Stefan Rampp ◽  
Gernot Kreiselmeyr ◽  
Daniel Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Frequency Power

AbstractDecreases in low frequency power (2-30 Hz) alongside high frequency power increases (>40 Hz) have been demonstrated to predict successful memory formation. Parsimoniously this change in the frequency spectrum can be explained by one factor, a change in the tilt of the power spectrum (from steep to flat) indicating engaged brain regions. A competing view is that the change in the power spectrum contains several distinct brain oscillatory fingerprints, each serving different computations. Here, we contrast these two theories in a parallel MEG-intracranial EEG study where healthy participants and epilepsy patients, respectively, studied either familiar verbal material, or unfamiliar faces. We investigated whether modulations in specific frequency bands can be dissociated in time, space and by experimental manipulation. Both, MEG and iEEG data, show that decreases in alpha/beta power specifically predicted the encoding of words, but not faces, whereas increases in gamma power and decreases in theta power predicted memory formation irrespective of material. Critically, these different oscillatory signatures of memory encoding were evident in different brain regions. Moreover, high frequency gamma power increases occurred significantly earlier compared to low frequency theta power decreases. These results speak against a “spectral tilt” and demonstrate that brain oscillations in different frequency bands serve different functions for memory encoding.

Effects of hippocampal high-frequency electrical stimulation in memory formation and their association with amino acid tissue content and release in normal rats

Hippocampus ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiram Luna-Munguía ◽  
Alfredo Meneses ◽  
Fernando Peña-Ortega ◽  
Andres Gaona ◽  
Luisa Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Tissue Content

scholarly journals Involvement of birth weight and body composition on autonomic recovery following aerobic exercise in children: A prospective, observational and analytical study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Edwiges Martinez Spada ◽  
Fernando R. Oliveira ◽  
David M. Garner ◽  
Vitor E. Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
High Frequency Band ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Submaximal Aerobic Exercise

ABSTRACTBirth weight (BW) can be used to assess the health status of the newborn. However, its impacts on later in life regarding heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is not totally clear. We aimed to analyze the involvement of BW and body composition on HRV recovery following aerobic exercise in children. The study was conducted in healthy children 9 to 11 years of age (40 females and 27 males) divided into two groups: G1 (BW < 3400 grams, N = 33) and G2 (BW > 3400 grams, N = 34). The volunteers completed an experimental protocol of submaximal aerobic exercise on a treadmill and remained seated for 30 minutes after exercise. Systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), respiratory rate (f) and HRV were analyzed before and during recovery from exercise. SAP and f were significantly decreased 30 minutes after exercise compared to 1 minute after exercise in G1 and G2. Mean HR, high frequency band of spectral analysis (HF), root mean square of successive interbeat intervals difference, SD1 index and mean lenght were diminished 0 to 5 minutes after exercise compared to rest in G2 while maximum lenght increased 0 to 5 minutes after exercise compared to resting in G2. Linear regression revealed association of fat percentage and BW with nonlinear HRV recovery. In conclusion, autonomic recovery after exercise was somewhat delayed in children with high BW. BW and fat percentage slightly influence HRV recovery.

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