scholarly journals High prevalence and genetic diversity of Haemoproteus columbae (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) in feral pigeons Columba livia in Cape Town, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Nebel ◽  
Josef Harl ◽  
Adrien Pajot ◽  
Herbert Weissenböck ◽  
Arjun Amar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Haemoproteus Columbae ◽  
Feral Pigeons

AbstractIn this study, we explore blood parasite prevalence, infection intensity, and co-infection levels in an urban population of feral pigeons Columba livia in Cape Town. We analyze the effect of blood parasites on host body condition and the association between melanin expression in the host’s plumage and parasite infection intensity and co-infection levels. Relating to the haemosporidian parasite itself, we study their genetic diversity by means of DNA barcoding (cytochrome b) and show the geographic and host distribution of related parasite lineages in pigeons worldwide. Blood from 195 C. livia individuals was collected from April to June 2018. Morphometric measurements and plumage melanism were recorded from every captured bird. Haemosporidian prevalence and infection intensity were determined by screening blood smears and parasite lineages by DNA sequencing. Prevalence of Haemoproteus spp. was high at 96.9%. The body condition of the hosts was negatively associated with infection intensity. However, infection intensity was unrelated to plumage melanism. The cytochrome b sequences revealed the presence of four Haemoproteus lineages in our population of pigeons, which show high levels of co-occurrence within individual birds. Three lineages (HAECOL1, COLIV03, COQUI05) belong to Haemoproteus columbae and differ only by 0.1% to 0.8% in the cytochrome b gene. Another lineage (COLIV06) differs by 8.3% from the latter ones and is not linked to a morphospecies, yet. No parasites of the genera Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium were detected.

scholarly journals Morphometrics and genetic diversity of Tegal, Magelang and their crossbred ducks based on Cytochrome b gene

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
H. Henrik ◽  
D. Purwantini ◽  
I. Ismoyowati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cyt B Gene

This experiment was conducted to study the morphometric and genetic diversity of Tegal, Magelang, and their crossbred ducks. Each ten female about twenty weeks old ducks from Tegal, Magelang, Gallang, and Maggal ducks, respectively, were used as the group materialss. The body weight, chest circumference, body length, shank length, neck length, and pubis width were recorded and tested by analysis of variance of one way classification as the morphometric characteristics. Polymorphism of cytochrome b (cyt b) gene on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genetic distance was analyzed based on value of heterozygosity, whereas the phylogeny tree was reconstructed using MEGA6 software. The results showed there were highly significant difference (P<0.01) on body weight, chest circumference, body length, and neck length between population, while shank and pubis width were not significant different. The genetic distance between Gallang and Maggal ducks (0.206) was higher than Tegal and Magelang ducks (0.169). It is concluded that the reciprocal crosses increased the morphometric and genetic diversity of Indonesian local duck population.

scholarly journals Effects of Eugenol on Haemoproteus columbae in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina M. Metwally ◽  
Razan A. Al-Talhi ◽  
Ibrahim A.H. Barakat ◽  
Manal F. ElKhadragy
Keyword(s):  
Columba Livia ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Haemoproteus Columbae ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Infected Rbcs ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Abstract Eugenol was investigated for the treatment of Haemoproteus columbae (H. columbae) infected squabs (young domestic pigeons, Columba domestica). Thirty naturally-infected squabs were divided into three groups of 10 each. One group was treated with Eugenol, while the positive and negative control groups were administered buparvaquone (Butalex®) and distilled water, respectively. The number of infected red blood cells (RBCs) was calculated in all groups before and after treatment at 4-day intervals for 16 days. The results showed a significant therapeutic effect of Eugenol, with a progressive decrease in the number of infected RBCs from 89.20 ± 2.11 before treatment to 0.90 ± 0.31 at the end of treatment (P≤0.05). Butalex® was able to suppress the number of infected RBCs from 93.70 ± 1.72 before treatment to 0.90 ± 0.35 at the end of the experiment (P≤0.05). Eugenol showed therapeutic effects against H. columbae and may be regarded as a candidate for further studies to develop new drugs against blood parasites, in both animals and humans.

scholarly journals Blood parasites in noddies and boobies from Brazilian offshore islands – differences between species and influence of nesting habitat

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETRA QUILLFELDT ◽  
JAVIER MARTÍNEZ ◽  
LEANDRO BUGONI ◽  
PATRÍCIA L. MANCINI ◽  
SANTIAGO MERINO
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Sula Leucogaster ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Ground Nesting

SUMMARYSeabirds are often free from blood parasites, and a recent review suggested that phylogenetic, ecological and life-history parameters can determine the prevalence of blood parasites in seabirds. However, there is a lack of data available from many seabird groups, and a larger database is needed to understand prevalence patterns of blood parasites. We used a molecular screening approach to detect parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Babesia in five species of two genera of seabirds that breed on Atlantic Ocean islands off Brazil. The observed patterns differed between the two bird genera. Like other Laridae, brown noddy, Anous stolidus adults were infected with Haemoproteus with low prevalence. Masked boobies, Sula dactylatra and brown boobies, Sula leucogaster were infected with Babesia. Of the latter, mainly juveniles were infected. In all species, intensity of infection (i.e. number of infected erythrocytes) was so low that parasites remained undetected in blood smears. This may explain the absence of major effects on the body condition of birds, although infected juvenile masked boobies were lighter than juveniles that were not infected with Babesia. Two tree-nesting species; black noddy, Anous minutus and red-footed booby, Sula sula did not have blood parasites, suggesting that tree-nesting may reduce the exposure to arthropod vectors compared with ground nesting in these species.

scholarly journals Chronic cannulation in the small intestine of feral pigeons (Columba livia) to assess bioavailability

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
JG Chediack ◽  
FD Cid ◽  
SV Fasulo ◽  
E. Caviedes-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
Chronic Cannulation

We improved a method of chronic duodenal cannulation to study intestinal transport of solutes in an in vivo model (pigeon, Columba livia). A hypoallergenic cannula was inserted into the proximal part of the small intestine of pigeons and used for solution administration. Recovery from surgery was extremely rapid and animals started eating and drinking within a day. After surgery, the body mass of cannulated pigeons was stable, and no adverse effects in the weight could be detected. The method is simple, economical and useful to determine intestinal bioavailability of solutes, for nutritional and ecological studies, in intact animals without influence of anesthesia.

Genetic diversity of avian blood parasites in SE Europe: Cytochrome b lineages of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus (Haemosporida) from Bulgaria

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Dimitrov ◽  
Pavel Zehtindjiev ◽  
Staffan Bensch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
New Host ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Avian Blood ◽  
Avian Blood Parasites

AbstractWe used a nested PCR protocol to examine the genetic diversity of cytochrome b (cyt b) lineages from blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in birds in Bulgaria. In total, 460 birds of 43 species and 14 families (mostly passerines) were examined for the presence of infections. Of them, 267 were recognised as infected with haemosporidian parasites. Mixed infections were recorded in 24 individuals (9%). Besides the 24 individuals with mix infections, 114 (43%) were positive for Plasmodium spp. and 129 (48%) for Haemoproteus spp. We identified 52 genetic lineages of haemosporidian parasites: 38 of Haemoproteus and 14 of Plasmodium. Twelve new cyt b lineages of Haemoproteus were recorded; they occurred in the following hosts: grey-faced woodpecker (Picus canus), golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus), jay (Garrulus glandarius), barred warbler (Sylvia nisoria), song thrush (Turdus philomelos), spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata), spanish sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis), hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), and cirl bunting (Emberiza cirlus). We also detected 22 new host records for previously known lineages. The most common lineage was SGS1 (Plasmodium relictum), which had a total prevalence of 14% and occurred in 8 host species belonging to 5 families. Three of the cyt b lineages of genus Haemoproteus (DURB1, DURB2 and SYNIS2) showed more than 5% divergence from all described morphologically lineages. These lineages probably represent at least 2 different morphospecies which remains to be identified.

scholarly journals Haemosporidian parasites prevalence associated with physical conditioning of avian species from the Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e50
Author(s):  
Paulo Vitor Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Camilla Queiroz Baesse ◽  
Vitor Carneiro de Magalhães Tolentino ◽  
Marco Miguel de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Júlia Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
The Body ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Condition Indices

Blood parasites can infect myriad avian species and thereby affect the fitness and survival of their hosts. There is wide interspecific variation in parasite prevalence related to biological, ecological, and evolutionary host factors. This study aimed to determine the blood parasite prevalence in avian species from the Brazilian Cerrado and to investigate the associations among biomass, body condition, and blood parasitism. A total of 1,098 blood smears from 549 individuals (56 species) collected in four forest fragments were analyzed. Of these, 109 (19.85%) individuals from 33 species were infected: 13 (2.36%) were positive for Haemoproteus and 103 (18.76%) for Plasmodium. There was co-infection between both genera of parasites in 7 individuals. Among bird species, prevalence ranged from zero to 100%. There were significant positive correlations between prevalence and biomass and the body condition index. Hemosporid vectors track their hosts by carbon dioxide detection. Since large organisms emit more carbon dioxide, our results suggest that larger birds may be more susceptible to hemosporid vectors. Additionally, species with higher body condition indices can be more tolerant to parasites, possibly because they have more energy reserves. This study showed that species with higher biomass and body condition indices were associated with higher blood parasite prevalence, a finding that suggests these factors are efficient predictors to explain the interspecific variations. This information could be important for the understanding parasite-host relationships and useful for bird conservation programs.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasite mixed infections in Spanish terrapins, Mauremys leprosa

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFONSO MARZAL ◽  
ALEJANDRO IBÁÑEZ ◽  
MANUEL GONZÁLEZ-BLÁZQUEZ ◽  
PILAR LÓPEZ ◽  
JOSÉ MARTÍN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Mauremys Leprosa

SUMMARYBlood parasites such as haemogregarines and haemosporidians have been identified in almost all groups of vertebrates and may cause serious damages to their hosts. However, very little is known about biodiversity of these parasites and their effects on some groups of reptiles such as terrapins. Moreover, the information on virulence from blood parasites mixed infection is largely unknown in reptiles. With this aim, we investigated for the first time the prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasites from one genus of haemoparasitic aplicomplexan (Hepatozoon) in two populations of Spanish terrapins (Mauremys leprosa), a semi-aquatic turtle from southwestern Europe with a vulnerable conservation status. We also examined the association between mixed blood parasite infection and indicators of health of terrapins (body condition, haematocrit values and immune response). Blood parasite infection with Hepatozoon spp was detected in 46·4% of 140 examined terrapins. The prevalence of blood parasites infection differed between populations. We found two different lineages of blood parasite, which have not been found in previous studies. Of the turtles with infection, 5·7% harboured mixed infection by the two lineages. There was no difference in body condition between uninfected, single-infected and mixed-infected turtles, but mixed-infected individuals had the lowest values of haematocrit, thus revealing the negative effects of blood parasite mixed infections. Immune response varied among terrapins with different infection status, where mixed infected individuals had higher immune response than uninfected or single-infected terrapins.

scholarly journals Impact of Subclinical Haemoproteus columbae Infection on Farmed Domestic Pigeons from Central Java (Yogyakarta), Indonesia, with Special Reference to Changes in the Hemogram

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Imron Rosyadi ◽  
Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia ◽  
Bayanzul Argamjav ◽  
Hiroshi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Haemoproteus Columbae ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Pigeon haemoproteosis caused by Haemoproteus columbae (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) is globally prevalent in rock doves (Columba livia), although little is known regarding this disease in pigeons and doves in Indonesia. Blood samples of 35 farmed domestic pigeons (C. livia f. domestica) from four localities in Yogyakarta Special Region, Central Java, Indonesia, were collected from March to June, 2016, subjected to a hemogram, and analyzed for the presence of hemoprotozoan infections. Microscopic examination of blood smears revealed a prevalence of 62.5–100% of H. columbae at the four localities (n = 8–10 for each locality), and geometric means of 3.0–5.6% of erythrocytes were parasitized by young and mature gametocytes, suggesting that all infected pigeons were in the chronic phase of infection with repeated recurrences and/or reinfections. Nucleotide sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) for haemosporidian species demonstrated the distribution of four major cytb lineages of H. columbae (mainly HAECOL1, accompanied by COLIV03, COQUI05, and CXNEA02 according to the MalAvi database). Hemogram analysis, involving the estimation of packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and plasma protein and fibrinogen levels of 20 parasitized pigeons and five non-infected pigeons demonstrated significant macrocytic hypochromic anemia with hypoproteinemia and hyperfibrinogenemia in the infected pigeons. This study shows the profound impact of long-lasting subclinical pigeon haemoproteosis caused by H. columbae on the health of farmed domestic pigeons.

scholarly journals Relation of Automated Body Condition Scoring System and Inline Biomarkers (Milk Yield, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Progesterone in Milk) with Cow’s Pregnancy Success

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Analyzer ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Body Condition Scoring

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relation of automatically determined body condition score (BCS) and inline biomarkers such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and progesterone (mP4) with the pregnancy success of cows. The cows (n = 281) had 2.1 ± 0.1. lactations on average, were 151.6 ± 0.06 days postpartum, and were once tested with “Easy scan” ultrasound (IMV imaging, Scotland) at 30–35 d post-insemination. According to their reproductive status, cows were grouped into two groups: non-pregnant (n = 194 or 69.0% of cows) and pregnant (n = 87 or 31.0% of cows). Data concerning their BCS, mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected each day from the day of insemination for 7 days. The BCS was collected with body condition score camera (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden); mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected with the fully automated real-time analyzer Herd Navigator™ (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). Of all the biomarkers, three differences between groups were significant. The body condition score (BCS) of the pregnant cows was higher (+0.49 score), the milk yield (MY) was lower (−4.36 kg), and milk progesterone in pregnant cows was (+6.11 ng/mL) higher compared to the group of non-pregnant cows (p < 0.001). The pregnancy status of the cows was associated with their BCS assessment (p < 0.001). We estimated that cows with BCS > 3.2 were 22 times more likely to have reproductive success than cows with BCS ≤ 3.2.

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