Expression of synaptogyrin-1 in T1R2-expressing type II taste cells and type III taste cells of rat circumvallate taste buds

2013 ◽  
Vol 353 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kotani ◽  
Takashi Toyono ◽  
Yuji Seta ◽  
Ayae Kitou ◽  
Shinji Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Buds ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Taste Cells

Quantitative Analysis of Taste Bud Cell Numbers in the Circumvallate and Foliate Taste Buds of Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-273
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ogata ◽  
Yoshitaka Ohtubo
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fungiform Papilla ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Receptor Cells

Abstract A mouse single taste bud contains 10–100 taste bud cells (TBCs) in which the elongated TBCs are classified into 3 cell types (types I–III) equipped with different taste receptors. Accordingly, differences in the cell numbers and ratios of respective cell types per taste bud may affect taste-nerve responsiveness. Here, we examined the numbers of each immunoreactive cell for the type II (sweet, bitter, or umami receptor cells) and type III (sour and/or salt receptor cells) markers per taste bud in the circumvallate and foliate papillae and compared these numerical features of TBCs per taste bud to those in fungiform papilla and soft palate, which we previously reported. In circumvallate and foliate taste buds, the numbers of TBCs and immunoreactive cells per taste bud increased as a linear function of the maximal cross-sectional taste bud area. Type II cells made up approximately 25% of TBCs irrespective of the regions from which the TBCs arose. In contrast, type III cells in circumvallate and foliate taste buds made up approximately 11% of TBCs, which represented almost 2 times higher than what was observed in the fungiform and soft palate taste buds. The densities (number of immunoreactive cells per taste bud divided by the maximal cross-sectional area of the taste bud) of types II and III cells per taste bud are significantly higher in the circumvallate papillae than in the other regions. The effects of these region-dependent differences on the taste response of the taste bud are discussed.

scholarly journals Expression and Secretion of TNF-α in Mouse Taste Buds: A Novel Function of a Specific Subset of Type II Taste Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e43140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Feng ◽  
Hang Zhao ◽  
Jinghua Chai ◽  
Liquan Huang ◽  
Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Taste Buds ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Taste Cells ◽  
Mouse Taste

scholarly journals A subset of broadly responsive Type III taste cells contribute to the detection of bitter, sweet and umami stimuli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debarghya Dutta Banik ◽  
Eric D. Benfey ◽  
Laura E. Martin ◽  
Kristen E. Kay ◽  
Gregory C. Loney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Taste Cells ◽  
Multiple Signaling

ABSTRACTTaste receptor cells use multiple signaling pathways to detect chemicals in potential food items. These cells are functionally grouped into different types: Type I cells act as support cells and have glial-like properties; Type II cells detect bitter, sweet, and umami taste stimuli; and Type III cells detect sour and salty stimuli. We have identified a new population of taste cells that are broadly tuned to multiple taste stimuli including bitter, sweet, sour and umami. The goal of this study was to characterize these broadly responsive (BR) taste cells. We used an IP3R3-KO mouse (does not release calcium (Ca2+) from Type II cells when stimulated with bitter, sweet or umami stimuli) to characterize the BR cells without any potentially confounding input from Type II cells. Using live cell Ca2+ imaging in isolated taste cells from the IP3R3-KO mouse, we found that BR cells are a subset of Type III cells that respond to sour stimuli but also use a PLCβ3 signaling pathway to respond to bitter, sweet and umami stimuli. Unlike Type II cells, individual BR cells are broadly tuned and respond to multiple stimuli across different taste modalities. Live cell imaging in a PLCβ3-KO mouse confirmed that BR cells use a PLCβ3 signaling pathway to generate Ca2+ signals to bitter, sweet and umami stimuli. Analysis of c-Fos activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and short term behavioral assays revealed that BR cells make significant contributions to taste.

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of SNARE proteins in both type II and type III cells of rat taste buds

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsura Ueda ◽  
Yasuo Ichimori ◽  
Hiroyuki Okada ◽  
Shiho Honma ◽  
Satoshi Wakisaka
Keyword(s):  
Taste Buds ◽  
Snare Proteins ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii

scholarly journals Taste Bud Connectome: Implications for Taste Information Processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney E Wilson ◽  
Ruibaio Yang ◽  
Robert S Lasher ◽  
Yannick Dzowo ◽  
John C Kinnamon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Type Iii

Taste buds, the sensory end organs for the sense of taste, consist of 3 types of morphologically identifiable mature cells, 2 of which mediate transduction of specific taste qualities: Type III cells for sour and Type II cells for either sweet, bitter or umami. A long-standing controversy in the field is whether the nerve fibers innervating these cells are wired specifically, in a labeled-line fashion, or non-specifically, leading to broad responsiveness across taste qualities, the so-called cross-fiber system of encoding. Using serial blockface scanning electron microscopy through 5 circumvallate mouse taste buds, we reconstructed the pattern of connectivity of nerve fibers as well as the degree of potential interaction between the two types of transducing taste cells. Type II and Type III cells show few points of contact, which constrains the opportunity for direct information transfer between these cell types. Of the 133 nerve fibers traced in the 5 taste buds, 87 fibers synapsed with Type II cells (n=43), 46 fibers with Type III cells (n=33) with 4 of these fibers (3%) synapsing with both Type II and Type III cells. Since Type II and Type III cells transduce different taste qualities, these few mixed fibers do not follow a labeled line system of transmission of taste quality information although the large majority of fiber connectivity is consistent with the labeled line model.

Some Observations on Changes in Denervated Taste Buds of Circumvallate Papillae of Rabbits

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Sunao Fujimoto ◽  
Raymond G. Murray ◽  
Assia Murray
Keyword(s):  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Dark Cells ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Circumvallate Papillae ◽  
Taste Bud Cells ◽  
Light Cells

Taste bud cells in circumvallate papillae of rabbit have been classified into three groups: dark cells; light cells; and type III cells. Unilateral section of the 9th nerve distal to the petrosal ganglion was performed in 18 animals, and changes of each cell type in the denervated buds were observed from 6 hours to 10 days after the operation.Degeneration of nerves is evident at 12 hours (Fig. 1) and by 2 days, nerves are completely lacking in the buds. Invasion by leucocytes into the buds is remarkable from 6 to 12 hours but then decreases. Their extrusion through the pore is seen. Shrinkage and disturbance in arrangement of cells in the buds can be seen at 2 days. Degenerated buds consisting of a few irregular cells and remnants of degenerated cells are present at 4 days, but buds apparently normal except for the loss of nerve elements are still present at 6 days.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

scholarly journals Perforator preservation technologies (PPT) based on a new neuro-interventional classification in endovascular treatment of perforator involving aneurysms (piANs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Ao-Fei Liu ◽  
Han-Cheng Qiu ◽  
Xianli Lv ◽  
Ji Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Saccular Aneurysm ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fusiform Aneurysm ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Perforating Artery ◽  
Protection Technology ◽  
Perforating Arteries

Abstract Background Treatment of perforator involving aneurysm (piAN) remains a challenge to open and endovascular neurosurgeons. Our aim is to demonstrate a primary outcome of endovascular therapy for piANs with the use of perforator preservation technologies (PPT) based on a new neuro-interventional classification. Methods The piANs were classified into type I: aneurysm really arises from perforating artery, type II: saccular aneurysm involves perforating arteries arising from its neck (IIa) or dome (IIb), and type III: fusiform aneurysm involves perforating artery. Stent protection technology of PPT was applied in type I and III aneurysms, and coil-basket protection technology in type II aneurysms. An immediate outcome of aneurysmal obliteration after treatment was evaluated (satisfactory obliteration: the saccular aneurysm body is densely embolized (I), leaving a gap in the neck (IIa) or dome (IIb) where the perforating artery arising; fusiform aneurysm is repaired and has a smooth inner wall), and successful perforating artery preservation was defined as keeping the good antegrade flow of those perforators on postoperative angiography. The periprocedural complication was closely monitored, and clinical and angiographic follow-ups were performed. Results Six consecutive piANs (2 ruptured and 4 unruptured; 1 type I, 2 type IIa, 2 type IIb, and 1 type III) in 6 patients (aged from 43 to 66 years; 3 males) underwent endovascular therapy between November 2017 and July 2019. The immediate angiography after treatment showed 6 aneurysms obtained satisfactory obliteration, and all of their perforating arteries were successfully preserved. During clinical follow-up of 13–50 months, no ischemic or hemorrhagic event of the brain occurred in the 6 patients, but has one who developed ischemic event in the territory of involving perforators 4 h after operation and completely resolved within 24 h. Follow-up angiography at 3 to 10M showed patency of the parent artery and perforating arteries of treated aneurysms, with no aneurysmal recurrence. Conclusions Our perforator preservation technologies on the basis of the new neuro-interventional classification seem feasible, safe, and effective in protecting involved perforators while occluding aneurysm.

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