scholarly journals A randomised trial of observational learning from 2D and 3D models in robotically assisted surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 4527-4532 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Harris ◽  
Samuel J. Vine ◽  
Mark R. Wilson ◽  
John S. McGrath ◽  
Marie-Eve LeBel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Learning ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
3D Models ◽  
2D And 3D

scholarly journals Techniques Used for Eye Gaze Interfaces and Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Maria Rashid ◽  
Wardah Mehmood ◽  
Aliya Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Image Process ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Software Algorithms ◽  
Pupil Detection ◽  
Eye Movement Tracking ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Movement Tracking

Eye movement tracking is a method that is now-a-days used for checking the usability problems in the contexts of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Firstly we present eye tracking technology and key elements.We tend to evaluate the behavior of the use when they are using the interace of eye gaze. Used different techniques i.e. electro-oculography, infrared oculography, video oculography, image process techniques, scrolling techniques, different models, probable approaches i.e. shape based approach, appearance based methods, 2D and 3D models based approach and different software algorithms for pupil detection etc. We have tried to compare the surveys based on their geometric properties and reportable accuracies and eventually we conclude this study by giving some prediction regarding future eye-gaze. We point out some techniques by using various eyes properties comprising nature, appearance and gesture or some combination for eye tracking and detection. Result displays eye-gaze technique is faster and better approach for selection than a mouse selection. Rate of error for all the matters determines that there have been no errors once choosing from main menus with eye mark and with mouse. But there have been a chance of errors when once choosing from sub menus in case of eye mark. So, maintain head constantly in front of eye gaze monitor.

scholarly journals Fucoxanthin Holds Potential to Become a Drug Adjuvant in Breast Cancer Treatment: Evidence from 2D and 3D Cell Cultures

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4288
Author(s):  
Fernanda Malhão ◽  
Ana Catarina Macedo ◽  
Carla Costa ◽  
Eduardo Rocha ◽  
Alice Abreu Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
3D Cultures ◽  
3D Cell Cultures ◽  
Tumoral Cell ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
2D And 3D

Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a carotenoid derived from marine organisms that exhibits anticancer activities. However, its role as a potential drug adjuvant in breast cancer (BC) treatment is still poorly explored. Firstly, this study investigated the cytotoxic effects of Fx alone and combined with doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis) on a panel of 2D-cultured BC cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231) and one non-tumoral cell line (MCF12A). Fucoxanthin induced cytotoxicity against all the cell lines and potentiated Dox cytotoxic effects towards the SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The combination triggering the highest cytotoxicity (Fx 10 µM + Dox 1 µM in MDA-MB-231) additionally showed significant induction of cell death and genotoxic effects, relative to control. In sequence, the same combination was tested on 3D cultures using a multi-endpoint approach involving bioactivity assays and microscopy techniques. Similar to 2D cultures, the combination of Fx and Dox showed higher cytotoxic effects on 3D cultures compared to the isolated compounds. Furthermore, this combination increased the number of apoptotic cells, decreased cell proliferation, and caused structural and ultrastructural damages on the 3D models. Overall, our findings suggest Fx has potential to become an adjuvant for Dox chemotherapy regimens in BC treatment.

Development of an Intelligent CAD System for Involute Cylindrical Gear Cutting Tools

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Ying Hua Liao ◽  
Gao Jun Liu ◽  
Xiang Guo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Tool Design ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Intelligent Cad ◽  
Forward Reasoning ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
2D And 3D

An intelligent CAD system for Involute cylindrical gear cutting tools is developed by VC++ and SQL server, and it includes four modules, such as user interface, instance query, intelligent gear tool design and database. The intelligent gear tool design is the key to the intelligent CAD system, and it is based on the forward reasoning production system, and as the Intelligent reasoning technology is used for gear tool design, a lots of expert knowledge could be made full use of. The design results by the developed intelligent CAD system are more reasonable than those by a traditional CAD system, and the efficiency and quality of the gear tool design also could be improved. The developed intelligent CAD system supports both 2D and 3D models, which can lay foundation for CAD/CAE/CAM integration of gear cutting tools.

scholarly journals Extending In-Plane Impedance Measurements from 2D to 3D Cultures: Design Considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sorel E. De Leon ◽  
Lana Cleuren ◽  
Zay Yar Oo ◽  
Paul R. Stoddart ◽  
Sally L. McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
3D Cell Cultures ◽  
3D Collagen ◽  
2D And 3D

Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have recently emerged as tools for biologically modelling the human body. As 3D models make their way into laboratories there is a need to develop characterisation techniques that are sensitive enough to monitor the cells in real time and without the need for chemical labels. Impedance spectroscopy has been shown to address both of these challenges, but there has been little research into the full impedance spectrum and how the different components of the system affect the impedance signal. Here we investigate the impedance of human fibroblast cells in 2D and 3D collagen gel cultures across a broad range of frequencies (10 Hz to 5 MHz) using a commercial well with in-plane electrodes. At low frequencies in both 2D and 3D models it was observed that protein adsorption influences the magnitude of the impedance for the cell-free samples. This effect was eliminated once cells were introduced to the systems. Cell proliferation could be monitored in 2D at intermediate frequencies (30 kHz). However, the in-plane electrodes were unable to detect any changes in the impedance at any frequency when the cells were cultured in the 3D collagen gel. The results suggest that in designing impedance measurement devices, both the nature and distribution of the cells within the 3D culture as well as the architecture of the electrodes are key variables.

3D Simulation of Surface Casing Cementing: Dispersion Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizi Zhang ◽  
Ian Frigaard
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Interface Shape ◽  
3D Simulations ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Dispersion Effects ◽  
Annular Gap ◽  
Primary Cementing ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract Many numerical studies have been conducted regarding laminar miscible displacement flow in narrow, vertical, eccentric annuli. For the next decade it is likely that primary cementing flows on the scale of the well will continue to be simulated predominantly with 2D gap-averaged (2DGA) models. However, 3D simulations are less common due to the computational cost. The comparison between 2D and 3D models needs further attention, to understand the main discrepancies and thus help to understand primary cementing flows better. In this paper, comparisons of 3D against 2DGA model results show a range of interesting different phenomena, e.g. static layers, dispersive spikes, and instabilities. The predictions of the 2DGA model are the same as the 3D results to a degree. In particular, they are consistent with each other regarding the evolving process, interface shape, etc. However, the main difference with the 2DGA concentration arises from dispersion on the scale of the annular gap. From the recent research of Renteria and Frigaard (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 905, 2020) [1], a variety of dispersive effects are the main discrepancy between experiments and 2DGA results as well. We give representative examples of these flows in surface casing geometries and suggest methods for improvement of the 2DGA model.

Simulation of oscillatory processes in the MVSTUDIUM package

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Poluektov ◽  
Konstantin Zolnikov ◽  
V. Antsiferova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Oscillatory Process ◽  
Suspension Point ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Oscillatory Processes

The mathematical model and algorithms of oscillatory movements are considered. Various factors affecting the oscillatory process are considered. Oscillatory movements are constructed in the MVSTUDIUM modeling environment. The schemes of three computer models demonstrating oscillatory processes are determined: a model of a pendulum with a non-movable suspension point, a model of a pushing pendulum with friction force and a model of a breaking pendulum. Classes are being built to execute models with embedded properties, as well as with the ability to export the created classes to other models, and embed classes created by the program developer into the model. Creation of 2D and 3D models of oscillatory processes, an experiment behavior map and a virtual stand.

scholarly journals Comparison of Induced Deflection and Forces in Piles Adjacent to Tunnelling and Deep Excavation in 2D and 3D Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Ong Yin Hoe ◽  
Hisham Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Bending Moment ◽  
Pile Group ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Pile Groups ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
National University ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D Model

There is a trend in Malaysia and Singapore, engineers tend to model the effect of TBM tunneling or deep excavation to the adjacent piles in 2D model. In the 2D model, the pile is modelled using embedded row pile element which is a 1-D element. The user is allowed to input the pile spacing in out-of-plane direction. This gives an impression to engineers the embedded pile row element is able to model the pile which virtually is a 3D problem. It is reported by Sluis (2014) that the application of embedded pile row element is limited to 8D of pile length. It is also reported that the 2D model overestimates the axial load in pile and the shear force and bending moment at pile top and it is not realistic in comparison to 3D model. In this paper, the centrifuge results of single pile and 6-pile group - tunneling problem carried out in NUS (National University of Singapore) are back-analysed with Midas GTS 3D and a 2D program. In a separate case study, pile groups adjacent to a deep excavation is modelled by 3D and 2D program. This paper compares the deflection and forces in piles in 2D and 3D models.

scholarly journals Tectonomagnetic modeling based on the piezomagnetism: a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sasai
Keyword(s):  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Function Method ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Analytic Solutions ◽  
Surface Integral ◽  
Green’S Function Method ◽  
Magnetic Poles ◽  
2D And 3D

Development of tectonomagnetic modeling on the basis of the piezomagnetic effect is reviewed for the period since the early 1990's. First, the basic theory is briefly summarized, in which the representation theorem or the surface integral representation for the piezomagnetic potential and the Green's function method are presented. In the 1990's, several field observations in earthquakes and volcanoes were interpreted with the aid of analytic solutions based on the Green's function method. A general formula was developed for an inclined rectangular fault with strike-slip, dip-slip and tensile faulting. The surface integral method has been applied to 2D and 3D models, as well as to fault models in the inhomogeneously magnetized crust. When the magnetic field is measured within a bore hole, the effect of magnetic poles around the hole should be taken into account. As a result, tectonomagnetic signals are much enhanced in a bore hole compared with on the ground surface. Finally, piezomagnetic field changes associated with the Parkfield fault model are introduced and the new aspect of the model is discussed.

scholarly journals Geological-geophysical models of the crust for the White Sea region

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-582
Author(s):  
N. V. Sharov ◽  
L. I. Bakunovich ◽  
B. Z. Belashev ◽  
V. A. Zhuravlev ◽  
M. Yu. Nilov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
White Sea ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
2D And 3D

The study of the White Sea region and the adjacent area aimed to model the structure of the crystalline portion of the crust at the contact of the northeastern slope of the Fennoscandian Shield and the Russian Plate. Modeling was based on geological, geophysical and DSS profile data, State Geological Map of the Russian Federation (scale 1:1 000 000), Explanatory Notes to Sheets Q-35, 36, 37, and 38 (third generation, 2009), and Tectonic Map of the White Sea and Adjacent Areas (2012). A model was constructed using GIS INTEGRO software (VNIIgeosystems), specifically its procedures for calculation and visualization of 2D and 3D models showing crust density and magnetic fields. The model of the study area shows the structure of the crust and the characteristics of its horizons.

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