scholarly journals A novel gaze-controlled flexible robotized endoscope; preliminary trial and report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Sivananthan ◽  
Alexandros Kogkas ◽  
Ben Glover ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
George Mylonas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Gaze Control ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Conventional Endoscopy ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

Abstract Background Interventional endoluminal therapy is rapidly advancing as a minimally invasive surgical technique. The expanding remit of endoscopic therapy necessitates precision control. Eye tracking is an emerging technology which allows intuitive control of devices. This was a feasibility study to establish if a novel eye gaze-controlled endoscopic system could be used to intuitively control an endoscope. Methods An eye gaze-control system consisting of eye tracking glasses, specialist cameras and a joystick was used to control a robotically driven endoscope allowing steering, advancement, withdrawal and retroflexion. Eight experienced and eight non-endoscopists used both the eye gaze system and a conventional endoscope to identify ten targets in two simulated environments: a sphere and an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) model. Completion of tasks was timed. Subjective feedback was collected from each participant on task load (NASA Task Load Index) and acceptance of technology (Van der Laan scale). Results When using gaze-control endoscopy, non-endoscopists were significantly quicker when using gaze-control rather than conventional endoscopy (sphere task 3:54 ± 1:17 vs. 9:05 ± 5:40 min, p = 0.012, and UGI model task 1:59 ± 0:24 vs 3:45 ± 0:53 min, p < .001). Non-endoscopists reported significantly higher NASA-TLX workload total scores using conventional endoscopy versus gaze-control (80.6 ± 11.3 vs 22.5 ± 13.8, p < .001). Endoscopists reported significantly higher total NASA-TLX workload scores using gaze control versus conventional endoscopy (54.2 ± 16 vs 26.9 ± 15.3, p = 0.012). All subjects reported that the gaze-control had positive ‘usefulness’ and ‘satisfaction’ score of 0.56 ± 0.83 and 1.43 ± 0.51 respectively. Conclusions The novel eye gaze-control system was significantly quicker to use and subjectively lower in workload when used by non-endoscopists. Further work is needed to see if this would translate into a shallower learning curve to proficiency versus conventional endoscopy. The eye gaze-control system appears feasible as an intuitive endoscope control system. Hybrid gaze and hand control may prove a beneficial technology to evolving endoscopic platforms.

scholarly journals An eye-tracking based robotic scrub nurse: proof of concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ezzat ◽  
Alexandros Kogkas ◽  
Josephine Holt ◽  
Rudrik Thakkar ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Scrub Nurse ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Robotic Devices

Abstract Background Within surgery, assistive robotic devices (ARD) have reported improved patient outcomes. ARD can offer the surgical team a “third hand” to perform wider tasks and more degrees of motion in comparison with conventional laparoscopy. We test an eye-tracking based robotic scrub nurse (RSN) in a simulated operating room based on a novel real-time framework for theatre-wide 3D gaze localization in a mobile fashion. Methods Surgeons performed segmental resection of pig colon and handsewn end-to-end anastomosis while wearing eye-tracking glasses (ETG) assisted by distributed RGB-D motion sensors. To select instruments, surgeons (ST) fixed their gaze on a screen, initiating the RSN to pick up and transfer the item. Comparison was made between the task with the assistance of a human scrub nurse (HSNt) versus the task with the assistance of robotic and human scrub nurse (R&HSNt). Task load (NASA-TLX), technology acceptance (Van der Laan’s), metric data on performance and team communication were measured. Results Overall, 10 ST participated. NASA-TLX feedback for ST on HSNt vs R&HSNt usage revealed no significant difference in mental, physical or temporal demands and no change in task performance. ST reported significantly higher frustration score with R&HSNt. Van der Laan’s scores showed positive usefulness and satisfaction scores in using the RSN. No significant difference in operating time was observed. Conclusions We report initial findings of our eye-tracking based RSN. This enables mobile, unrestricted hands-free human–robot interaction intra-operatively. Importantly, this platform is deemed non-inferior to HSNt and accepted by ST and HSN test users.

scholarly journals A-111 The Relationship between Bilingualism and Perceived Workload on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-904
Author(s):  
Lopez-Hernandez D ◽  
Litvin P ◽  
Rugh-Fraser R ◽  
Cervantes R ◽  
Martinez F ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective We evaluated perceived workload (measured by the NASA Task Load Index; NASA-TLX) as related to Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) performances in monolingual and bilingual traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors and healthy comparison participants (HC). Method The sample consisted of 28 TBI survivors (12 monolinguals & 16 bilinguals) and 50 HC (20 monolinguals & 30 bilinguals). SDMT written (SDMT-W) and SDMT oral (SDMT-O) were used to evaluate group differences. Results ANCOVA, controlling for age, revealed that the HC group outperformed the TBI group on SDMT-W, p = .001, and SDMT-O, p = .047. Furthermore, bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on SDMT-W, p = .017. On the NASA-TLX, an interaction emerged on temporal demand rating, p = .023, with TBI bilinguals reporting higher temporal demand on SDMT tasks compared to TBI monolinguals, while the HC monolingual participants reported higher temporal demands ratings compared to HC bilingual participants. Furthermore, monolingual participants showed higher levels of frustration with regard to the SDMT task compared to bilingual participants, p = .029. Conclusion Our data revealed TBI survivors underperformed on both SDMT trials compared to the HC participants. Also, bilingual participants demonstrated better SDMT-W performances compared to monolingual participants. Furthermore, our TBI bilingual sample reported themselves to be more rushed to complete the SDMT compared to monolingual TBI sample, but they were less frustrated. Meanwhile, our HC monolingual sample felt more rushed to complete the SDMT tasks compared to HC bilingual participants, but they were less frustrated. While we observed differences in workload ratings between language groups, it is unclear if language use, and/or other variables are driving these results.

Evaluation of attention, perception, and stress levels of clinical cardiovascular perfusionists during cardiac operations: a pilot study

Perfusion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Merkle ◽  
Dino Kurtovic ◽  
Christoph Starck ◽  
Cynthia Pawelke ◽  
Sina Gierig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Nasa Tlx

Background: Performing cardiopulmonary bypass is a complex task which involves evaluating visual input from patient monitors and technical parameters displayed at the heart-lung machine console as well as reacting to other sensory input. Only few studies are available concerning the competency requirements for clinical cardiovascular perfusionists, including attention, perception, and coping with mental stress. This study aims at evaluating attention, perception, and stress levels of clinical cardiovascular perfusionists during cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Nine clinical cardiovascular perfusionists voluntarily offered to participate in the study. Participants were asked to wear Tobii 2 eye-tracking glasses throughout the procedures. Specific time points were analyzed (cardiopulmonary bypass on, initial cardioplegia delivery, steady state, cross-clamp off, and weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass). Data acquisition was supplemented by participants’ self-evaluation regarding their stress levels and by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA TLX) questionnaires. Results: Seven datasets were sufficient to be evaluated. The clinical cardiovascular perfusionists’ professional experience ranged from 0.5 to 24 years. Evaluation of eye-tracking data revealed large variations in areas of interest hits, fixation, and dwell times. Across all phases, the venous reservoir, mean arterial pressure, arterial pump display, cardioplegia control, and data management system received the highest levels of attention. Pupil diameter measurements increased at start of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardioplegia delivery, and weaning off, but returned to base level during steady state. Clinical cardiovascular perfusionists’ self-evaluation showed that subjective stress level was highest at the start and the end of the procedure. NASA TLX questionnaires revealed medium-to-high mental and temporal workloads, but low physical workloads. Performance, effort, and frustration indices showed medium workloads. Conclusion: During cardiopulmonary bypass, perfusionists are subjected to stress. Peak stress levels were highest during start and end of cardiopulmonary bypass. Furthermore, visual attention and perception varied between the operative phases. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the design of heart-lung machines and stress-coping strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass.

scholarly journals Analisis Beban Kerja Menggunakan Metode Nasa - Task Load Index Pada Karyawan Telkom Applied Science School Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Santika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Applied Science ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Science School ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

Telkom Apllied Science Schoolmerupakan salah satu fakultas pada universitas telkom yang memiliki jumlah progam studi lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan fakultas lain. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan perhitungan beban kerja pada karyawan bidang akademik pada fakultas tersebut untuk mengetahui seberapa besar beban kerja mental yang dialami oleh karyawan dan faktor apa yang mempengaruhi  beban kerja tersebut. Pengukuran beban kerja pada karyawan bidang akademik ini dapat menentukan langkah yang tepat untuk menjaga produktivitas kerja. Salah satu metode yang dapat mengukur beban kerja mental adalah NASA-TLX. Metode ini membagi beban kerja menjadi 6 aspek elemen kerja. Dalam pengukurannya metode NASA TLX dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu melakukan perbandingan tiap skala dan melakukan pemberian nilai terhadap pekerjaan. Hasil dari perhitungan NASA-TLX pada karyawan bidang akademik berada pada tingkat beban kerja yang berat. Elemen beban kerja yang paling dominan pada karyawan tersebut adalah temporal demand dan effort

scholarly journals Gestão de facilidades mediada por BIM em ambiente escolar

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Felipe Sorgini Peterlini ◽  
Regina Coeli Ruschel
Keyword(s):  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

Foi realizada a avaliação de uma solução mobile, o software Autodesk BIM 360 Ops, aplicada à Gestão de Facilidades de um ambiente escolar, o bloco de salas de aula da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Unicamp (FEC). A solução é baseada na tecnologia BIM (Building Information Modeling). Primeiramente foi analisado o atual modo de operação do departamento de Gestão de Facilidades da FEC e depois foi implementada uma solução equivalente BIM 360 Ops. Aplicouse o protocolo Nasa Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) junto aos usuários da edificação para aferir a carga de trabalho exigida na execução da tarefa de utilização do software. Conclusivamente, analisou-se a possibilidade de implementação da solução nos processos realizados pelo departamento de Gestão de Facilidades da FEC.

scholarly journals User Testing an Information Foraging Tool for Ambulatory Surgical Site Infection Surveillance

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Karavite ◽  
Matthew Miller ◽  
Mark Ramos ◽  
Susan Rettig ◽  
Rachael Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Information Foraging ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Infection Preventionists

Background Surveillance for surgical site infections (SSIs) after ambulatory surgery in children requires a detailed manual chart review to assess criteria defined by the National Health and Safety Network (NHSN). Electronic health records (EHRs) impose an inefficient search process where infection preventionists must manually review every postsurgical encounter (< 30 days). Using text mining and business intelligence software, we developed an information foraging application, the SSI Workbench, to visually present which postsurgical encounters included SSI-related terms and synonyms, antibiotic, and culture orders. Objective This article compares the Workbench and EHR on four dimensions: (1) effectiveness, (2) efficiency, (3) workload, and (4) usability. Methods Comparative usability test of Workbench and EHR. Objective test metrics are time per case, encounters reviewed per case, time per encounter, and retrieval of information meeting NHSN definitions. Subjective measures are cognitive load using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index (NASA TLX), and a questionnaire on system usability and utility. Results Eight infection preventionists participated in the test. There was no difference in effectiveness as subjects retrieved information from all cases, using both systems, to meet the NHSN criteria. There was no difference in efficiency in time per case between the Workbench and EHR (8.58 vs. 7.39 minutes, p = 0.36). However, with the Workbench subjects opened fewer encounters per case (3.0 vs. 7.5, p = 0.002), spent more time per encounter (2.23 vs. 0.92 minutes, p = 0.002), rated the Workbench lower in cognitive load (NASA TLX, 24 vs. 33, p = 0.02), and significantly higher in measures of usability. Conclusion Compared with the EHR, the Workbench was more usable, short, and reduced cognitive load. In overall efficiency, the Workbench did not save time, but demonstrated a shift from between-encounter foraging to within-encounter foraging and was rated as significantly more efficient. Our results suggest that infection surveillance can be better supported by systems applying information foraging theory.

Workload differences across command levels and emergency response organizations during a major joint training exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik G. Prytz, PhD ◽  
Jonas Rybing, MSc ◽  
Carl-Oscar Jonson, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Workload Measurement ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Mental Demands ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
Different Levels

Objective: This study reports on an initial test using a validated workload measurement method, the NASA Task Load Index (TLX), as an indicator of joint emergency exercise effectiveness. Prior research on emergency exercises indicates that exercises must be challenging, ie, result in high workload, to be effective. However, this is often problematic with some participants being underloaded and some overloaded. The NASA TLX was used to test for differences in workload between commanders and subordinates and among three different emergency response organizations during a joint emergency exercise.Design: Questionnaire-based evaluation with professional emergency responders.Setting: The study was performed in conjunction with a large-scale interorganizational joint emergency exercise in Sweden.Participants: A total of 20 participants from the rescue services, 12 from the emergency medical services, and 12 from the police participated in the study (N = 44). Ten participants had a command-level role during the exercise and the remaining 34 were subordinates.Main Outcome Measure(s): The main outcome measures were the workload subscales of the NASA TLX: mental demands, physical demands, temporal demands, performance, effort, and frustration. Results: The results showed that the organizations experienced different levels of workload, that the commanders experienced a higher workload than the subordinates, and that two out of three organizations fell below the twenty-fifth percentile of average workload scores compiled from 237 prior studies.Conclusions: The results support the notion that the NASA TLX could be a useful complementary tool to evaluate exercise designs and outcomes. This should be further explored and verified in additional studies.

scholarly journals Ageing drivers’ mental workload in real-time driving tasks based on subjective and objective measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Izzah Abd Rahman ◽  
◽  
Siti Zawiah Md Dawal ◽  
Nukman Yusoff ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index ◽  
And Control

The ageing drivers’ population is increasing rapidly, and they are exposed to disabilities due to degenerative processes, thus affecting their driving performance. The main objective of this study is to determine the mental workload of ageing drivers, while the second objective is to compare the mental workload between ageing drivers and control group. The methodology consisted of on-the-road experimental driving tasks that comprised three levels of situation complexity. The NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured on 30 drivers. The NASA-TLX scores revealed that the ageing drivers’ mean physical demand score was the highest compared to others in moderately complex situation and very complex situation, scoring 37.25 and 43.50, respectively. Meanwhile, for electroencephalogram signals’ fluctuation, results showed that situation complexity had significant effects on RPθ and RPα of channel locations FZPZ and O1O2. There was a significant difference in the weighted workload scores for the ageing drivers and control group in simple situation, while there was no significant difference found in RPθ and RPα bands at all channel locations. The findings would be beneficial as a guideline for designers, manufacturers, developers, and policy makers in designing better driving environment for ageing drivers.

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