Erratum to: Branch growth dynamics, photosynthesis, yield and bean size distribution in response to fruit load manipulation in coffee trees

Branch growth dynamics in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were studied in 19 thinning experiments in southern and central Finland. Data were collected from 229 trees growing on sites of different fertility with different stand density, age, and canopy position. Radial increments were measured from discs from the base of the thickest branch on every fifth living whorl. Branch growth declined gradually from the upper part of the crown towards the crown base. Near the crown base, the effect of stand density was most apparent and branches remained alive without forming annual rings. After the thinnings, branch growth did not increase, but wider spacing delayed the reduction in branch growth and increased branch longevity. Correlation of branch increment between trees was greater in the upper whorls than in the lower crown. Correlation of the radial increment between whorls of different ages was greater between whorls near each other than between whorls from the upper and lower crown. Variation of the annual increments was similar in the stem and branches. A model was developed for predicting branch increment at different heights in the crown. The best independent variables for indicating branch increment were stem radial increment, height/diameter ratio, and branch age.

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Predicted Crop Value for Nectarines and Cling Peaches of Different Harvest Season as a Function of Crop Load

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.2.239 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 239-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gabino H. Reginato ◽

Víctor García de Cortázar ◽

Terence L. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Tree Size ◽

Crop Load ◽

Early Season ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Late Season ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fruit Load

Several field experiments to assess the effect of tree size and crop load on fruit size and yield efficiency were conducted in cling peach and nectarine orchards of different harvest seasons in Chile. Trees were randomly selected in each orchard and then hand-thinned at the beginning of pit hardening to a wide range of crop loads. The fraction of above-canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by the canopy (PAR i) was determined at harvest. All fruits were counted and weighed and average fruit weight calculated. Crop load and yield were normalized by tree size measured by intercepted PAR i. For each orchard, the relationship between crop load and fruit size or crop load and yield efficiency was assessed by regression analysis. Fruit size distribution was calculated from fruit size adjusted for fruit load assuming a normal fruit size distribution and valued according to shipment date and price obtained from a Chilean export company. Using crop load as a covariate, fruit size adjusted for crop load was compared for nectarine and peach cultivars. Fruit size adjusted for fruit load and yield efficiency was greater with late season cultivars than the early or midseason cultivars. Predicted crop value (PCV), normalized in terms of PAR intercepted, was calculated for all the cultivars. Large differences in predicted crop value were found for early, midseason, and late ripening nectarines. Early and late ripening cultivars had the highest predicted crop value, especially at lower crop loads and larger fruit sizes. The early season cultivars had high crop value as a result of higher fruit prices, whereas the late season cultivar had high crop value as a result of higher production. With cling peaches, the early season cultivar ‘Jungerman’ had a lower predicted crop value than the late season cultivars ‘Ross’ and ‘Davis’. For cling peaches, the highest PCV was achieved at a relatively high crop load with high yield and small fruit size.

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Root Development of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as Affected by Water Salinity and Sink Strength

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9010035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ran Erel ◽

Thuc T. Le ◽

Amram Eshel ◽

Shabtai Cohen ◽

Rivka Offenbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Root Development ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Growth Monitoring ◽

Acclimation Period ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Fruit Load ◽

Root Capacitance

Fruits are the dominant sinks for assimilates. At optimal conditions, assimilates supply can meet the demand of fruits and those of the vegetative organs; however, extreme circumstances such as strong sink strength or an environmental stress may disturb this fine balance. While most studies focus on aboveground parameters, information regarding root growth dynamics under variable sink strength are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sink strength (represented by fruit load) and salinity on bell-pepper root development. Three levels of fruit load were combined with two salinity levels in plants grown in an aeroponic system. Root growth was determined both by root capacitance and destructive measurements. Salinity and sink strength significantly affected root, shoot and fruit growth dynamics. Root growth was less affected by fruit load. Salinity stress was negatively associated with shoot growth, but after an acclimation period, salinity enhanced root development. Additionally, this study shows for the first time that root capacitance is a valid approach for non-destructive measurement of root development in aeroponic systems. The good correlation measured by us (r2 0.86) opens new opportunities for continuous root growth monitoring in aeroponic systems in the future.

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Condensation Dynamics and Droplet Size Distribution

ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels ◽

10.1115/icnmm2017-5562 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Rejaul Haque ◽

Chuang Qu ◽

Edward C. Kinzel ◽

Amy Rachel Betz

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Silicon Substrate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Droplet Size Distribution ◽

Droplet Growth ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Profound Impact ◽

Hexagonal Close Packed ◽

Favorable Conditions

Condensation phenomena are important for several engineering fields including HVAC, refrigeration, distillation/desalination of water, dehumidification, aerospace, and water harvesting applications. In this work, Microsphere Photolithography (MPL), a low-cost, bottom-up fabrication technique, was used for fabricating a silica nanopillar surface (0.7 μm to 1.2 μm pillar diameters in a 2 μm hexagonal close packed array) on silicon. Condensation experiments on the surface was studied under the influence of environmental factors (ambient temperature and relative humidity) and substrate characteristics (topology and temperature). Droplet growth dynamics and size distribution were explored for condensation on a plain silicon substrate and a fabricated hydrophilic nanopillar substrate at different relative humidities (40% and 60%) at a surface temperature of 5°C. It was revealed that the nanopillar surfaces have a profound impact on condensation behavior. Small coalescence dominated on the silicon substrate as opposed to the nanopillar substrate, where extensive pinning deters the merging of droplets until it touches neighboring droplets. The change in condensation dynamics creates favorable conditions for collection of water.

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Impact of Matric Potential and Pore Size Distribution on Growth Dynamics of Filamentous and Non-Filamentous Soil Bacteria

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0083661 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. e83661 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Alexandra B. Wolf ◽

Michiel Vos ◽

Wietse de Boer ◽

George A. Kowalchuk

Keyword(s):

Pore Size Distribution ◽

Pore Size ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Matric Potential

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Growth Dynamics and Size Distribution of Self-Assembled ZnO Nanocrystals on a Metal Pt(111) Substrate

Journal of the Korean Physical Society ◽

10.3938/jkps.51.887 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (92) ◽

pp. 887 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tae-Bong Hur ◽

Se-Jeong Park ◽

Yoon-Hwae Hwang ◽

Hyung-Kook Kim ◽

Dae-Young Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Zno Nanocrystals ◽

Self Assembled

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The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/s0021900200116031 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 23 (04) ◽

pp. 851-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. J. Brockwell

Keyword(s):

Laplace Transform ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽

Death Process ◽

Extinction Time ◽

Birth And Death Process ◽

Different Types ◽

The Laplace Transform ◽

Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

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Macrostructure and microphysics of Saturn's E-ring

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100101691 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 607-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kevin D. Pang ◽

Charles C. Voge ◽

Jack W. Rhoads

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Mie Scattering ◽

Narrow Size Distribution ◽

Electrostatic Levitation ◽

Volcanic Origin ◽

Micron Diameter

Abstract.All observed optical and infrared properties of Saturn's E-ring can be explained in terms of Mie scattering by a narrow size distribution of ice spheres of 2 - 2.5 micron diameter. The spherical shape of the ring particles and their narrow size distribution imply a molten (possibly volcanic) origin on Enceladus. The E-ring consists of many layers, possibly stratified by electrostatic levitation.

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Grain Refinement in Titanium-Erbium Alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052626 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 522-523

Author(s):

B. B. Rath ◽

J. E. O'Neal ◽

R. J. Lederich

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Grain Refinement ◽

Grain Growth ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Systematic Investigation ◽

Second Phase ◽

Titanium Matrix ◽

Average Size

Addition of small amounts of erbium has a profound effect on recrystallization and grain growth in titanium. Erbium, because of its negligible solubility in titanium, precipitates in the titanium matrix as a finely dispersed second phase. The presence of this phase, depending on its average size, distribution, and volume fraction in titanium, strongly inhibits the migration of grain boundaries during recrystallization and grain growth, and thus produces ultimate grains of sub-micrometer dimensions. A systematic investigation has been conducted to study the isothermal grain growth in electrolytically pure titanium and titanium-erbium alloys (Er concentration ranging from 0-0.3 at.%) over the temperature range of 450 to 850°C by electron microscopy.

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