The association between glucocorticoid therapy and BMI z-score changes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3573-3580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Hyre Arpe ◽  
Sascha Rørvig ◽  
Karin Kok ◽  
Christian Mølgaard ◽  
Thomas Leth Frandsen
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Vashura ◽  
E. V. Zhukovskaya ◽  
S. S. Lukina ◽  
A. E. Gavrilova

Background. Antineoplastic treatment can have late toxic manifestations that can often appear after end of treatment. Children after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a risk of developing both obesity and undernutrition, which may be concealed by increased fat mass.Objective: to explore the incidence of obesity and hidden undernutrition in children with ALL and to describe the effect of enteral feeding using in these children.Materials and methods. In a retrospective study the data of 62 children with obesity that was revealed by standard examination was analyzed. The criterion of obesity was increased value of fat mass received by bioimpedance analysis. For this evaluation Russian bioimpedance analysis standards were used. Additionally, the included data were following: presence of endocrine pathology, weight change during latter 6 months before admission, physical activity and alimentary characteristics (usual regimen and structure of daily feed).Results. Only 54.8 % of patients with an actual excess of fat body mass index detected obesity (Z‑score higher than +2.00) and another 29 % body mass index was within the normal range (Z‑score from –1.00 to +1.00). This was the result of a tissue imbalance: reduce fat‑free mass. Some patients were diagnosed with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. 83.7 % have a completely passive lifestyle. 49.0 % almost do not eat fruits and berries, 79.6 % – vegetables and 91.8 % – fish and seafood. Frequent intake of sweet dishes – 22.4 %, sausage products – 49.0 %, bakery products – 42.9 %, dishes from fast food restaurants – 42.9 %. 55.1 % of patients had more than 5 meals a day, while 18.4 % – less than 3. In or‑ der to correct hidden nutritional deficiencies, 22 patients received artificial nutritional formulas. They had a significant increase in fat‑free mass and a decrease in fat, in comparison with those who did not receive enteral feeding.Conclusion. Treatment‑associated factors, physical activity and alimentary causes play an important role in formation of not only obesity, but also hidden nutritional insufficiency in children with ALL after treatment. Enteral feeding using artificial polymeric formulas showed its effectiveness. An integrated and multidisciplinary approach to solving the problem is appropriate of prevention and treatment of obesity.


2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10005-10005
Author(s):  
S. E. Lipshultz ◽  
R. E. Scully ◽  
S. R. Lipsitz ◽  
S. E. Sallan ◽  
L. B. Silverman ◽  
...  

10005 Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) causes progressive cardiac dysfunction, particularly in females. Adding dexrazoxane (DZR) to DOX treatment resulted in reduced myocardial injury in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Protocol 95–01. Methods: We centrally remeasured echocardiograms from childhood high-risk ALL survivors in their first continuous remission who were randomly assigned to treatment with DOX only (n = 66; 30 mg/m2/dose for 10 doses) or DOX plus DZR 30 minutes prior (n = 68; 300 mg/m2/dose). Results: Demographics and median follow-up (DOX 5.3 vs. DZR/DOX 5.5 y) were similar in both arms. Mean left ventricle (LV) end systolic dimension (ESD) z-score was significantly larger than predicted for body-surface area for DOX (mean = 0.46, P-value [deviation of mean from normal] = 0.01) but not so for DZR/DOX (mean = 0.06, P = 0.74); DOX LV fractional shortening (FS; -0.78, P = .001; DZR/DOX = -0.38, P = 0.11) and thickness to dimension ratio (-0.96, P < .001; DZR/DOX = -0.32, P = 0.08) were also abnormal. LV end diastolic posterior wall thickness (EDPWT) was reduced in both groups, though more so for DOX (-1.19, P < .001) than DZR/DOX (-0.74, P < .001). By gender, 5 years post treatment LVESD z-score was significantly larger than normal for DOX males (mean = 0.48, P = 0.04) but not DZR/DOX males (0.19, P = 0.41) or females (DOX female = 0.38, P = 0.22; DZR/DOX female = -0.17, P = 0.56). LVFS z-score was significantly different from normal in DOX females (mean = -1.29, P < .001), but not DZR/DOX females (-0.22, P = 0.54) or males (DOX = -0.45, P = 0.15; DZR/DOX = -0.52, P = 0.09), as was LV thickness to dimension ratio (DOX female = -1.03, P < .001; DZR/DOX female = 0.02, P = 0.93). DZR/DOX females were the only group with normal LVEDPWT z-score (mean = -0.43, P = 0.07; DOX/female = -1.43, P < .001; DOX male = -1.05, P < .001; DZR/DOX male = -0.94, P < .001). Conclusions: While its impact is seen in all groups, primarily females drive the long-term DZR cardioprotective effect. DZR/DOX females exhibit more normal LV dimensions and more appropriate wall thickness for LV dimension, both of which are consistent with less LV remodeling. DZR/DOX females also have more normal LV function than females who received DOX only or males of either group. [Table: see text]


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22004-e22004
Author(s):  
Arifa Khalid ◽  

e22004 Background: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most frequently occurring cancer among the children and adolescents. Cure rate is improved up to 90% with early diagnosis and better supportive care. Under nutrition among pediatric acute leukemia patients is more in developing countries 60% as compared to 10% in developed countries. The poor nutritional status is found to be associated with poor outcome. Therefore, optimum nutritional support can play a vital role in the outcome of induction. Methods: The population of research was newly diagnosed patients of ALL, reported from June 2016 to January 2017, in the Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Department of Children’s Hospital, Lahore. A sample of 151 patients of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia was analyzed prospectively. The study subjects were stratified into undernourished & well nourished based on the Z-score for weight for age.The data was collected irrespective of any discrimination based on demographic factors. and the following characters were recorded in both the groups: Mid treatment & end of treatment bone marrow response, culture proved infection, duration of hospital stay & outcome. Results: Among the 151 patients of ALL 80.1 % (n = 121) were Pre-B and 19.8% (n = 30) were Pre-T .Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Malnutrition was established in 98 (64.9%) patients on the bases of Z-score. The undernourished group had significantly increased rate of culture proven sepsis (11% vs. 2%) respectively and required longer duration of hospital stay (p < 0.001).Rapid early response was observed in 21.8% malnourished and 32.8% well-nourished patients. End of treatment complete response was recorded in 63% vs. 69.1% respectively with significant p value. Expiry was observed in 9.1% malnourished patients. Conclusions: On the basis of this study it is concluded that the nutritional status at the initial presentation had a significant impact on the induction outcome. The undernourished patients of ALL are more prone to infections, requiring longer duration of hospital stay. Therefore, optimum nutritional support to such patients can help to decrease the chances of infections & ultimately improve the outcome.


Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 987-987
Author(s):  
Beatriz Lasmar Portilho Junqueira ◽  
Bairbre Connolly ◽  
Oussama Abla ◽  
George A Tomlinson ◽  
Joao Guilherme Pires Vieira Amaral

Abstract Abstract 987 Poster Board I-9 Background: Port-a-catheters are commonly used as vascular access device in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) requiring long-term chemotherapy. Literature suggests that surgical procedures should not be performed in patients with very low neutrophil counts. Neutropenia, however, is very common in patients with ALL putting them at increased risk for infection and impaired wound healing. Objectives: 1) To determine if severe neutropenia, defined as neutrophil count < 500/mm3, on the day of port-a-catheter insertion is a risk factor for catheter-associated infection in children with ALL; 2) To evaluate the incidence of catheter-associated infection and wound dehiscence; 3) To assess other potential risk factors for infection, such as ALL risk category, dexamethasone use during induction therapy and nutritional status at the time of port-a-catheter insertion. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in children newly diagnosed with ALL (January 2005 to August 2008) who had a port-a-catheter inserted to assess catheter-associated infections and dehiscence. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, port-a-catheter insertion data and complications post-procedure were reviewed. The post-procedure complications were classified as early (≤ 30 days) or late (> 30 days). The end of catheter follow-up was March, 2009. The nutritional status was evaluated using albumin and total protein levels as well as the BMI-for-age z-score or weight-for-age z-score. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-squared test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kaplan-Meier survival curve). Results: 192 port-a-catheters were inserted in 179 patients with ALL in this 3.5 year time period. Most patients were started on chemotherapy 3 days prior to catheter insertion. A total of 43 catheter-associated infections (22.39%) were diagnosed and the infection rate was 0.35/1000 catheter-days. Children with severe neutropenia on the day of insertion (n=99) had a catheter-associated infection rate of 15.15%; whereas, non-severe neutropenic (≥ 500 cells/mm3) children (n=93) had a rate of 24.73%. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.137). Out of 192 port-a-catheters, 12 (6.25%) had to be removed due to infection. The most common organisms to cause catheter removal were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Patients with high risk precursor B and T cell ALL had a statistically significant higher incidence of late catheter-associated infections (p=0.024) than standard risk ALL. Gender (p=0.863), use of dexamethasone during induction (p=0.201), low BMI-for-age z-score or weight-for-age z-score (p=0.659), low albumin (p=0.530), low total protein (p=0.759) and fever pre-procedure (p=0.339) were not risk factors for infection. Patients who had an early catheter-associated infection did not have a greater chance of having a late infection (p=0.813). Out of 9 wound dehiscences (4.68%), 5 presented also with a local infection. The catheter infection-free survival rate at 1 year was 88.6%, at 2 years was 86.7% and at 3 years was 83.9% (see Graph). Conclusion: This study shows that severe neutropenia on the day of port-a-catheter insertion does not increase the incidence of catheter-associated infection in children with ALL. In contrast, high risk ALL (precursor B and T cell) is a risk factor for late catheter-associated infections. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (49) ◽  
pp. 2086-2093
Author(s):  
Nikolett Jusztina Beniczky ◽  
Éva Hosszú ◽  
Dániel János Erdélyi ◽  
Judit Müller ◽  
Zsuzsanna Jakab ◽  
...  

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A gyermekkori akut lymphoblastos leukaemia kezelése napjainkban 80% feletti túlélést tesz lehetővé, de fontos cél a kezelés okozta mellékhatások kivédése és a gyermekek hosszú távú életminőségének javítása is. Célkitűzés: A kemoterápia csontrendszerre kifejtett mellékhatásainak vizsgálata és a prognosztikai tényezők feltárása, a rizikófaktorok összegyűjtése. Módszerek: Retrospektív vizsgálatunkba a Semmelweis Egyetem II. Gyermekgyógyászati Klinikáján 2007 és 2016 között kezelt 215, akut lymphoblastos leukaemiás gyermek közül a csontelváltozást észlelt betegeket vontuk be a következő, csontrendszert érintő megbetegedésekkel: 38 gyermeknél csökkent csontásványianyag-tartalom, 5 főnél osteonecrosis, 3 főnél osteomyelitis és 2 fő esetében patológiás fractura volt detektálható. Különböző követési időpontokban gyűjtöttünk oszteodenzitometriai adatokat, D-vitamin-, foszfát-, alkalikusfoszfatáz- és lipidszinteket is. Eredmények: Az oszteodenzitometriai értékek már a diagnóziskor csökkent értéket mutatnak, az intenzív vénás kemoterápia hatására pedig további csökkenés figyelhető meg (a lumbális gerinc Z-score-értéke a kezelés kezdetén: –1,5 ± 1,02, az intenzív vénás kezelés végén –1,8 ± 0,5). A Z-score-értékek a fenntartó terápia végére javuló tendenciát mutattak (–1,6 ± 0,5; p<0,05), majd az utánkövetés során ismételt javulás (–1,2 ± 0,4 [p<0,01] és –0,9 ± 0,4) figyelhető meg. A D-vitamin-szintek esetében az intenzív vénás kemoterápiát követően fokozatos javulást láthattunk (20 ± 3,1 ng/ml vs. többéves utánkövetéskor 31 ± 2,6 ng/ml; p<0,001). A foszfát- és alkalikusfoszfatáz-szintek nem változtak számottevő mértékben a vizsgált időtartam során. A koleszterinszintek a terápia során folyamatos növekedést mutattak (a kemoterápia kezdetén 3,28 ± 0,3 mM/l vs. a fenntartó kezelés végén 4,62 ± 0,2 mM/l; p<0,0001). A HDL-koleszterin esetében szintén hasonló tendenciát figyelhettünk meg (a diagnóziskor 0,53 ± 0,09 mM/l vs. a fenntartó kezelés végén 1,48 ± 0,14 mM/l). Következtetés: Kiemelendő, hogy a gyógyult gyermekek utánkövetése, az oszteodenzitometriai mérések és a laborparaméterek ellenőrzése rendkívül fontos, mivel csontelváltozásokkal a leukaemiás betegek esetén számolni kell. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(49): 2086–2093. Summary. Introduction: Current treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia allows survival above 80%, but it is also very important to prevent treatment-related side effects and to improve long-term quality of life. Objective: Our aim was to assess the side effects of chemotherapy on the skeletal system and to identify prognostic and risk factors. Methods: Between 2007 and 2016, 215 children were treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University. In our retrospective study, we analyzed data of these children with skeletal-related side-effects (38 children with reduced bone mineral density, 5 with osteonecrosis, 3 with osteomyelitis and 2 with pathologic fracture). Results: Osteodensitometric data, vitamin D, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and lipid levels were collected at different follow-up times. Osteodensitometric values were already reduced at the time of diagnosis (lumbar spine Z-score: –1.5 ± 1.02) and intensive venous chemotherapy caused further decrease (–1.8 ± 0.5). Z-score showed an improving tendency at the end of the maintenance therapy (–1.6 ± 0.5; p<0.05), followed by further improvement later (–1.2 ± 0.4 [p<0.01] and –0.9 ± 0.4). Vitamin D levels showed improvement after intensive venous chemotherapy (20 ± 3.1 ng/ml vs. 31 ± 2.6 ng/ml at multi-year follow-up; p<001). Phosphate and alkaline phosphatase levels did not change considerably during the period considered. Cholesterol levels increased continuously during treatment (at the time of diagnosis 3.28 ± 0.3 mM/l vs. at the end of the maintenance therapy 4.62 ± 0.2 mM/l; p<0.0001). A similar trend was observed with HDL cholesterol levels (0.53 ± 0.09 mM/l vs. 1.48 ± 0.14 mM/l). Conclusion: In summary, we can conclude that follow-up of these children, osteodensitometric measurements and monitoring of laboratory parameters are extremely important, as bone abnormalities can occur in leukemia patients. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(49): 2086–2093.


Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E Lipshultz ◽  
Rebecca E Scully ◽  
Stuart R Lipsitz ◽  
Stephen E Sallan ◽  
Lewis B Silverman ◽  
...  

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy injures myocardial cells, leading to progressive cardiac dysfunction. Dexrazoxane (DZR), a free-radical scavenger, reduced troponin T (cTnT) elevation during therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) Protocol 95– 01. The long-term cardiac benefits of DZR are not yet known. Methods: We centrally remeasured echocardiograms from childhood ALL survivors who were randomly assigned to DOX (n =64; 30 mg/m 2 /dose for 10 doses) with or without DZR (n =58; 300 mg/m 2 /dose) during DFCI Protocol 95– 01. Results: Demographics and follow-up were similar in both arms (median f/u years: DOX 4.0 vs. DZR/DOX 3.7). Mean left ventricular (LV) end-systolic dimension was significantly abnormal for DOX vs. DZR/DOX at 3 years (mean Z-score: DOX 0.637 vs. DZR/DOX −0.0005, P=0.0164) and progressed at 3.5 years (0.800 vs. −0.006, P=0.0028) and 4 years (1.01 vs. 0.005, P=0.0013). DOX-group mean LV end-diastolic (ED) dimension was significantly dilated at 3.5 years (mean Z-score: DOX 0.223 vs. DZR/DOX −0.424, P=0.022) and 4 years (0.428 vs. −0.456, P=0.004). With 3.5 years follow-up, a number of non-significant trends showed DZR/DOX echo measures to be more normal: LV fractional shortening Z-score (DOX −2.092 vs. DZR/DOX −1.00); LV mass Z-score (−0.672 vs. −0.537); LVED posterior wall thickness Z-score (LVEDPWTz; −0.596 vs. −0.395). For DZR/DOX-patients, cTnT elevation (defined as >0.01 ng/ml) during DOX treatment correlated with thinner LVED posterior wall 3.5 years post treatment (mean LVEDPWTz: cTnT− =−0.011 vs. cTnT+= −1.200, P=0.0352). Conclusions: DZR is protective against late DOX cardiotoxicity with smaller LV dimensions, consistent with less LV remodeling. LV function, thickness, and mass trended to more normal among children who received DZR and all parameters trended toward a greater DZR effect over time. Further, cTnT elevation during therapy predicted late LV wall thinning. Table 1: Post-treatment Mean Differences in Dimension Z-Scores


2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6299-6312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara E. Toscan ◽  
Marwa Rahimi ◽  
Mohan Bhadbhade ◽  
Russell Pickford ◽  
Shelli R. McAlpine ◽  
...  

Glucocorticoids form a critical component of chemotherapy regimens for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and initial poor response to glucocorticoid therapy is predictive of inferior outcome.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Bae Ahn ◽  
Yoon Ji Lee ◽  
Nayeong Lee ◽  
Seul Ki Kim ◽  
Shin Hee Kim ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the overall prevalence of vertebral fractures (VF) following childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment and examine the association of VF with growth trajectory and insulin-like growth factors. Methods: Children (n=172; 59.3 % male) diagnosed with ALL at age between 2 and 18 years were assessed for VF by screening the lateral thoracolumbar spine radiographs (Genant’s semi-quantitative method) when treatment was completed (baseline). Anthropometric measurements between pre- to post-treatment period were obtained and the association of VF with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were examined. Results: Thirty-five children (20.3 %) had vertebral fractures at baseline. Among children with vertebral fractures, 97.1 % had either mild or moderate deformity, and the 5th lumbar vertebrae was the most frequently injured site (20.0 %). Median lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-score was -1.0 (IQR of -1.6 and -0.8) in children with VF. Baseline Z-scores for height and weight were lower in children with VF than without VF (-0.5±1.3 and 0.0±0.9, P=0.01; -0.2±1.6 and 0.3±1.1, P=0.04, respectively). Height Z-score in children with VF had greater height decline than without VF (0.5±0.6 and 0.2±0.8; P=0.02). Children with VF had lower IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 Z-score than without VF at baseline (-1.2±1.0 and 0.0±0.8, P&lt;0.01; -2.3±1.1 and -1.3±1.0, P&lt;0.01). Decrease in IGF-1 level was associated with the presence of VF (OR=0.3(95 % CI of 0.2-0.5), P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Substantial number of children encounter VF after ALL treatment is completed and the presence of VF might be associated with compromised auxological state, prominent height decline and IGF-1 deficiency.


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