scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of Cenozoic faults and fractures and their impact on groundwater flow in the bedrock aquifers of Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Moore ◽  
J. J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Quantitative Models ◽  
Limestone Bedrock ◽  
Controlled Flow ◽  
Depth Dependency ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bedrock Aquifers

AbstractFaults and fractures are a critical store and pathway for groundwater in Ireland’s limestone bedrock aquifers either directly as conductive structures or indirectly as the locus for the development of karst conduits. From the quantitative analysis of post-Devonian faults and fractures in a range of lithological sequences, this report describes the principal characteristics of Cenozoic strike-slip faults and joints, the youngest and the most intrinsically conductive fractures within Irish bedrock. Analysis of these structures in more than 120 outcrop, quarry, mine and cave locations in a range of bedrock types, provides a basis for: (1) definition of quantitative models for their depth dependency, lithological control, scaling systematics and links to preexisting structure, (2) conceptualisation of their impact on groundwater behaviour, and (3) estimation of groundwater flow parameters. The quantitative models provide constraints on fracture-controlled flow connectivity. Commonly observed decreases in sustainable flows and water strike interceptions with depth are attributed to increasing confinement and decreasing fracture connectivity and dissolution. Faults and joints have quite different end member geometries, with faults having strongly heterogeneous scale-independent properties and joints more often showing scale-dependent stratabound properties. The highest and most sustainable groundwater flows are usually associated with the complexity of structure of Cenozoic faults and of preexisting Carboniferous structures (on which conductive fracturing localises), enhanced by karstification and strongly jointed limestone bedrock particularly in the near-surface. Increased groundwater flow is promoted within bedded, rather than massive (i.e. unbedded), limestone sequences, characterised by bedding-parallel fractures and karst connecting otherwise subvertical fractures and subvertical wells.

scholarly journals Characterization of Spent Ni-MH Batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
Marta Cabral ◽  
Fernanda Margarido ◽  
Carlos A. Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Spent Ni-MH batteries are not considered too dangerous for the environment, but they have a considerable economical value due to the chemical composition of electrodes which are highly concentrated in metals. The present work aimed at the physical and chemical characterisation of spent cylindrical and thin prismatic Ni-MH batteries, contributing for a better definition of the recycling process of these spent products. The electrode materials correspond to more than 50% of the batteries weight and contain essentially nickel and rare earths (RE), and other secondary elements (Co, Mn, Al). The remaining components are the steel parts from the external case and supporting grids (near 30%) containing Fe and Ni, and the plastic components (<10%). Elemental quantitative analysis showed that the electrodes are highly concentrated in metals. Phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction combined with chemical analysis and leaching experiments allowed advancing the electrode materials composition. The cathode is essentially constituted by 6% metallic Ni, 66% Ni(OH)2, 4.3% Co(OH)2 and the anode consists mainly in 62% RENi5 and 17% of substitutes and/or additives such as Co, Mn and Al.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical Regimes in Shallow Aquifers Reflect the Metabolic Coupling of the Elements Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Eric Wegner ◽  
Michael Gaspar ◽  
Patricia Geesink ◽  
Martina Herrmann ◽  
Manja Marz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Monitoring Wells

ABSTRACTNear-surface groundwaters are prone to receive (in)organic matter input from their recharge areas and are known to harbor autotrophic microbial communities linked to nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. Here, we use multi-omic profiling to gain holistic insights into the turnover of inorganic nitrogen compounds, carbon fixation processes, and organic matter processing in groundwater. We sampled microbial biomass from two superimposed aquifers via monitoring wells that follow groundwater flow from its recharge area through differences in hydrogeochemical settings and land use. Functional profiling revealed that groundwater microbiomes are mainly driven by nitrogen (nitrification, denitrification, and ammonium oxidation [anammox]) and to a lesser extent sulfur cycling (sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction), depending on local hydrochemical differences. Surprisingly, the differentiation potential of the groundwater microbiome surpasses that of hydrochemistry for individual monitoring wells. Being dominated by a few phyla (Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Planctomycetes, andThaumarchaeota), the taxonomic profiling of groundwater metagenomes and metatranscriptomes revealed pronounced differences between merely present microbiome members and those actively participating in community gene expression and biogeochemical cycling. Unexpectedly, we observed a constitutive expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes encoded by different microbiome members, along with the groundwater flow path. The turnover of organic carbon apparently complements for lithoautotrophic carbon assimilation pathways mainly used by the groundwater microbiome depending on the availability of oxygen and inorganic electron donors, like ammonium.IMPORTANCEGroundwater is a key resource for drinking water production and irrigation. The interplay between geological setting, hydrochemistry, carbon storage, and groundwater microbiome ecosystem functioning is crucial for our understanding of these important ecosystem services. We targeted the encoded and expressed metabolic potential of groundwater microbiomes along an aquifer transect that diversifies in terms of hydrochemistry and land use. Our results showed that the groundwater microbiome has a higher spatial differentiation potential than does hydrochemistry.

scholarly journals Formative characteristics of moderne style in Nis

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kekovic ◽  
Marjan Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of

Architectural forming in the Moderne movement lies, or rather stems from the function, that is, from the structure bulk, whose composition dictates volumetry which is the principal characteristics of a structure. It can be stated that this simplified definition of architectural forming in the Nis Moderne is only partially true, because many other factors influenced forming and creation of the Nis Moderne. The very introduction states that until 30's of the last century, the prevailing styles and directions in Serbian Moderne, and by virtue of this, in Nis, were classicistic pseudo styles, national romantic architecture based on Serbian-Byzantine style, as well as folk architecture. Many authors leading the Moderne in Serbia and Nis, often designed at the beginning of their careers in some of the mentioned styles or combined them, so that the influence of these styles and directions was felt for a very long time in their designing opus. Often, the investors' wishes to add an element or two on the fa?ade in order to make it 'more beautiful and richer' left its mark - the majority of Moderne buildings in Serbia and Nis are a sort of compromise resulting from this struggle between old styles, investors' preferences and architects' aspirations to something new.

scholarly journals Defining Excellence: 70 Years of John Bates Clark Medals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Cherrier ◽  
Andrej Svorenčík
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Milton Friedman ◽  
The Press ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Definition Of

In 2017 the John Bates Clark Award turned 70, and the 39th medal was be awarded. Often dubbed the “baby Nobel Prize,” widely discussed by economists and covered in the press, it has become a professional and public marker of excellence for economic research.Yet, after three initial unanimous choices of laureates (Paul Samuelson, Kenneth Boulding, Milton Friedman), the award was increasingly challenged. The prize was not awarded in 1953, almost discontinued three times, the selection procedure and the age limit also created issues. We show how economists in these years disagreed over the definition of merit and excellence. Many young economists felt the prize was biased toward theory and asked for the establishment of a separate “Wesley Clair Mitchell award” for empirical and policy-oriented work. We examine how the committee on honors and awards reacted to critique on the lack of diversity of laureates in origins, affiliations, fields and methods, and we provide a quantitative analysis of the evolving profile of laureates.

Dostoevsky and the Word “Jew”: A Quantitative Analysis of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Greatest Novels

Libri ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigal Nirenberg ◽  
Gila Prebor
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Great Writer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship of F.M Dostoevsky with Jews attracted the attention of numerous scholars throughout the years, many of whom attempted to grapple with the views of the great writer and their origin. In this article we will attempt to show this relationship by analyzing six of Dostoevsky’s greatest novels, written through the entirety of his career. We are analyzing these novels using Distant Reading in conjunction with Close Reading, tools that are commonly used in the field of digital humanities, which enabled us to show visually the extent of F.M. Dostoevsky’s engagement with this topic. The study poses two research questions: 1. To what extent did the writer use the more denigrating term “Zhid”? 2. Can we see a correlation between the writer’s portrayal of Jews with the definition of Anti-Semitism as it was known during his era? The obtained results show that there is clearly a correlation between the definition of anti-Semitism as it was understood at the time of Dostoevsky and the “Jew” as depicted in his novels, as the financial motif is paramount in the depiction of Jews as this is the central topic in 49% of the negative sentences in which the word “Jew” appears, with 59% of these sentences classified as stereotypes. The negative financial stereotype constitutes 32% of the entire corpus. In addition, we found the term “Zhid” is commonly used by the writer, a variation of which constitutes 75% of the total terms used to depict Jews.

News Recommendation for China Sina Weibo Microblog Service Based on User Social Behaviors

2014 ◽  
pp. 220-243
Author(s):  
Zuo Yuchu ◽  
You Fang ◽  
Wang Jianmin ◽  
Zhou Zhengle
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Heuristic Rules ◽  
Network Service ◽  
Social Network Service ◽  
Ranking List ◽  
Sina Weibo ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
News Recommendation

Sina weibo microblog is an increasingly popular social network service in China. In this work, the authors conducted a study of detecting news in Sina weibo microblog. They found the traditional definition for news can be generalized here. They first expanded the definition of news by conducting user surveys and quantitative analysis. The authors built a news recommendation system by modeling the users, classifying them into four different groups, and applying several heuristic rules, which derived from the generalized definition of news. By applying the new recommendation system, people got newsworthy information, while the funny and interesting tweets, which are popular in Sina weibo microblog, were put in the last ranking list. This study helps us achieve better understanding of heuristic rules about news. Some official organizations can also benefit from the work by supervising the most popular news around civilians.

scholarly journals Application of the calibration surfaces method in quantitative analysis of water — ethanol — methanol mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sawicka ◽  
Jacek Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Point Density ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Solvatochromic Dye ◽  
Order Surface

AbstractThe simple and quick calibration surfaces method has been applied to the quantitative analysis of water — ethanol — methanol mixtures. The refractive index, viscosity, boiling point, density, and position of the absorption band of the solvatochromic dye and the absorbance of the band corresponding to a particular wavelength were used as measured magnitudes which are functionally related to the quantitative composition of the mixture. The 3rd order surface equation was fitted to the experimental data via the multidimensional regression method. Various pairs of macroscopic features were tested to obtain the best results. To find the solution, the set of three equations were calculated, in which two equations were the mathematical description of particular macroscopic features; the third one resulted from the definition of mass fraction. The detection and determination limits as well as the error of the method were determined which proved that the refractive index and the density were the most adequate pair of macroscopic features.

Flow and Radionuclide Transport From Rock to Surface Systems: Characterization and Modelling of Potential Repository Sites in Sweden

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Werner ◽  
Emma Bosson ◽  
Sten Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Exit Point ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Mike She ◽  
Mike 11 ◽  
Surface Water Flow ◽  
Safety Assessments

The safety assessments of potential geological repositories for spent nuclear fuel in Sweden are supported by modelling of groundwater flow in rock, to predict locations (exit points) where radionuclides from the deep repository may enter land, surface waters and associated ecosystems above the rock. This modelling includes detailed rock descriptions, but simplifies the upper part of the flow domain, including representations of meteorological processes and interactions with hydrological objects at the surface. Using the Laxemar candidate site as example, this paper investigates some potentially important consequences of these simplifications. Specifically, it compares particle tracking results obtained by a deep-rock groundwater flow model (CONNECTFLOW) and by MIKE SHE-MIKE 11, which contains detailed descriptions of near-surface/surface water flow. Overall, the models predict similar exit point patterns, occurring as clusters along streams in valleys, at a lake, and in sea bays. However, on a detailed level there are some prediction differences, which may be of importance for biosphere-focused safety assessments. CONNECTFLOW essentially predicts flow paths through the repository that follow fractures and deformation zones, outcropping in valleys. In comparison, MIKE SHE-MIKE 11 provides more detailed information on near-surface water flow paths, including the associated exit points and inputs to assessments of radionuclide retention.

Comparing Polar Lows in Atmospheric Reanalyses: Arctic System Reanalysis versus ERA-Interim

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 2375-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Smirnova ◽  
Pavel Golubkin
Keyword(s):  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Relative Vorticity ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Representation of polar lows in the new high-resolution Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) was for the first time assessed and compared to that in the ERA-Interim. Substantial improvements were found in the 850-hPa relative vorticity and near-surface wind speed information. The latter was found to be in close agreement with satellite-derived estimates. Representation of polar lows from a widely used selective list in ERA-Interim and ASR was estimated as 48% and 89%, respectively. The proportion of polar lows represented in ASR is substantially higher than reported for other reanalyses in previous studies. Verifications were found to be sensitive to the polar low reference list used, and to the definition of a polar low. As found, when a more complete polar low list from a recent satellite-derived climatology was used, the proportion of represented events decreased to 26% and 66% for ERA-Interim and ASR, respectively. Variations in polar low representation in reanalyses were also observed in different regions, with the highest proportion resolved in the Norwegian Sea. Strong dependence between polar low sizes and their representation in ERA-Interim was found. In the case of ASR, polar low representation remains constant in the size range of 200–500 km and slightly decreases only for the smallest systems with diameters less than 200 km. Usage of the strict threshold of 43 K for the atmospheric static stability criterion was found to exclude a considerable number of otherwise well-represented polar lows.

Quantitative analysis of riverbank groundwater flow for the Qinhuai River, China, and its influence factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 2734-2747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengpeng Lu ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Junchao Shi ◽  
Congcong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Qinhuai River
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