scholarly journals Cognitive, behavioral, and psychological manifestations of COVID-19 in post-acute rehabilitation setting: preliminary data of an observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bonizzato ◽  
Ada Ghiggia ◽  
Francesco Ferraro ◽  
Emanuela Galante
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Acute Rehabilitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Domains

AbstractPsychological, emotional, and behavioral domains could be altered in COVID-19 patients and measurement of variables within these domains seems to be mandatory. Neuropsychological assessment could detect possible cognitive impairment caused by COVID-19 and the choice of appropriate tools is an important question. Aim of this exploratory study was to verify the effectiveness of an assessment model for patients with COVID-19. Twelve patients were enrolled and tested with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Anxiety and Depression Short Scale (AD-R), and the Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI), at the time of their entrance (T0) and discharge (T1) from a rehabilitative unit. Moreover, a follow-up evaluation after 3 months (T2) has been conducted on eight patients. Results showed that at baseline (T0), 58.3% of the patients reported a score below cut-off at MMSE and 50% at MoCA. Although a significant amelioration was found only in NPI scores, a qualitative improvement has been detected at all tests, except for MoCA scores, in the T0-T1 trend analysis. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant variation in AD-R depression score, considering the three-assessment time (T0, T1, and T2). The evaluation and tracking over time of the impact of COVID-19 on cognitive, psychological, and behavioral domains has relevant implications for rehabilitation and long-term assistance needs planning. The choice of assessment tools should consider patients vulnerability and match the best compromise among briefness, sensitivity, and specificity.

Condemnation of Statutory Rape Based on Respondent Race, Perpetrator Race, and Victim Race

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-433
Author(s):  
Sarah Koon-Magnin ◽  
Stacy Hoskins Haynes ◽  
R. Barry Ruback
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Statutory Rape ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Liberation Hypothesis ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Survey

Race impacts perceptions of crimes, perpetrators, and victims. Although statutory rape generally receives little empirical or media attention, it has important implications for victims and offenders across the United States and appears to be enforced in a haphazard way. This study used a between-subjects experimental survey design at two universities (n = 1,370) to assess the impact of respondent race, perpetrator race, and victim race on attitudes toward statutory rape. Results of a repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that respondents viewed both White victims and their perpetrators as bad, blameworthy, deserving of punishment, harmed, and likely to commit crime in the future, judgments suggesting that the respondents take this sexual activity seriously. In contrast, analyses revealed that respondents were significantly less concerned about Black victims than White victims. Consistent with the liberation hypothesis, these differences in attitudes may contribute to the law being enforced inconsistently, providing differential access to justice based on a variable that is not legally relevant.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Customized Tray on In-Office Bleaching Tooth Sensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Correa ◽  
TR Santana ◽  
FP Nahsan ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
AL Faria-e-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Bleaching Procedure ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Level ◽  
Peak Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARY Objective It was recently demonstrated that using a tray over a bleaching agent reduces its pulpal chamber penetration, which can reduce tooth sensitivity. This study evaluated the effect of the sealed technique on the presence and level of sensitivity reported by patients during and after the bleaching procedure performed in office. Methods Forty-six patients underwent a bleaching procedure with 35% hydrogen peroxide used in a single application of 45 minutes for two sessions with an interval of seven days. A customized tray was maintained over the bleaching agent during the entire procedure in half of the patients. The sensitivity level was evaluated during and immediately after the bleaching using verbal and visual analogue scales. The shade alteration was evaluated with a bleach guide scale. The peak sensitivity after 24 hours and the presence/level at 24 hours were also evaluated using a verbal rating scale. Relative risks were calculated for all time assessments. Data on the sensitivity level for both scales were subjected to Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Data on the shades were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results The use of a customized tray increased the relative risks to the tooth measured 24 hours after each bleaching session. The sealed technique also increased the level of tooth sensitivity only at 24 hours after the first session. No difference was observed between the bleaching techniques regarding the shade evaluation. Conclusion Using a tray over the bleaching agent can increase the level and risk of tooth sensitivity for the first 24 hours after in-office bleaching.

Outcomes of Expanded Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Group for Mild-Stage Dementia: Four-Month Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-735
Author(s):  
Daniel Kim-wan Young ◽  
Petrus Yat-nam Ng ◽  
Daphne Cheng ◽  
Timothy Kwok ◽  
Shuyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

Purposes: This research aims to report the results of a 4-month follow-up study of an expanded cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) group that combines CST and Tai Chi on improving the cognitive abilities of community-dwelling Chinese elderly with mild-stage dementia (EwMD). Methods: Two-group pretest–posttest design was adopted in this study, involving 101 Chinese community-dwelling EwMD who had completed an expanded CST group conducted at a local elderly center. Cognitive abilities of the EwMD were assessed by standardized assessment tools at pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and the 4-month point after completion of treatment (T3). Results: The repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that after completing the expanded CST group, the improved cognitive abilities of participants could be maintained up to 4 months after the completion of treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that treatment effects of the expanded CST group could be maintained up to 4 months after completion of treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: 30-month Follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL de Geus ◽  
E Fernández ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Dental Prophylaxis ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

SUMMARY Objective: This clinical study evaluated the color longevity after 30 months of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: Sixty patients, 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers, were subjected to bleaching with 10% CP (Whiteness Perfect–FGM) for three hours daily for three weeks. The color was measured at baseline and at one month and 30 months after the completion of dental bleaching using the shade guide Vita classical organized by value (ΔSGU) and the shade guide Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER. At the 30-month recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis. Data from color evaluation were analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test for the contrast of means (α=0.05). Results: Twenty-one smokers and 22 nonsmokers attended the 30 month recall. For both shade guides, only the main factor of assessment time was statistically significant (p<0.001). Effective whitening was observed in both groups at the baseline, which was stable at one month. However, color rebound was observed after 30 months for both groups of participants when color was measured before and after dental prophylaxis. Conclusion: Thirty months after at-home bleaching with 10% CP gel, dental darkening was detected in both groups, which cannot be solely attributed to stains caused by extrinsic staining from daily food, drinks, and smoke (in smokers).

scholarly journals Examining Recovery Trajectories After Sport-Related Concussion With a Multimodal Clinical Assessment Approach

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke C. Henry ◽  
R.J. Elbin ◽  
Michael W. Collins ◽  
Gregory Marchetti ◽  
Anthony P. Kontos
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Assessment Approach

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Previous research estimates that the majority of athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC) will recover between 7 and 10 days after injury. This short temporal window of recovery is based predominately on symptom resolution and cognitive improvement and does not accurately reflect recent advances in the clinical assessment model. OBJECTIVE: To characterize SRC recovery at 1-week postinjury time intervals on symptom, neurocognitive, and vestibular-oculomotor outcomes and to examine sex differences in SRC recovery time. METHODS: A prospective, repeated-measures design was used to examine the temporal resolution of neurocognitive, symptom, and vestibular-oculomotor impairment in 66 subjects (age, 16.5 ± 1.9 years; range, 14-23 years; 64% male) with SRC. RESULTS: Recovery time across all outcomes was between 21 and 28 days after SRC for most athletes. Symptoms demonstrated the greatest improvement in the first 2 weeks, although neurocognitive impairment lingered across various domains up to 28 days after SRC. Vestibular-oculomotor decrements also resolved between 1 and 3 weeks after injury. There were no sex differences in neurocognitive recovery. Male subjects were more likely to be asymptomatic by the fourth week and reported less vestibular-oculomotor impairment than female subjects at weeks 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: When the recommended “comprehensive” approach is used for concussion assessment, recovery time for SRC is approximately 3 to 4 weeks, which is longer than the commonly reported 7 to 14 days. Sports medicine clinicians should use a variety of complementing assessment tools to capture the heterogeneity of SRC.

scholarly journals Impact of intensive training on health professionals’ self-efficacy in establishing, running and maintaining a cardiac rehabilitation program

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Murphy ◽  
Rosemary O. Higgins ◽  
Michael Le Grande ◽  
Alison Beauchamp ◽  
Marian U. Worcester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Impact

We developed an intensive five-day training program for health professionals working in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The training covers topics related to establishing, running, maintaining and evaluating a CR program. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the training on health professionals’ self-efficacy regarding the effective delivery of CR. From 2014 to 2018, 167 health professionals participated in one of five training programs. Participants completed a 28-item pre- and post-training self-efficacy scale. For a sub-group, self-efficacy was re-assessed 4 months later. Factor analysis was used to identify self-efficacy domains. Paired sample t-tests compared pre- and post-training self-efficacy scores; repeated measures analysis of variance investigated change over the three time points. Variations in self-efficacy across profession, role in CR, and years of CR practice were investigated. Factor analysis identified three domains: Operational aspects of CR; Medical aspects of heart disease; and Psychosocial aspects of CR. Health professionals’ self-efficacy increased significantly after training participation, across the three domains and for the total score. Effects were sustained in the 4-month follow-up. Few variations in self-efficacy trajectories by participant characteristics were identified. The study demonstrates that our health professional CR training significantly improves health professionals’ confidence in a range of areas related to establishing, running, maintaining and evaluating a CR program, with immediate improvements sustained four months later. The pattern of findings was largely consistent regardless of participants’ role and experience in CR. Findings highlight the benefits of this relatively brief intensive program on enhancing the capacity of the CR workforce.

The effect of vascular access type on intra-access flow volume during hemodialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-751
Author(s):  
Hoon Suk Park ◽  
Woo Jeong Kim ◽  
Joonsung Choi ◽  
Hyung Wook Kim ◽  
Jun Hyun Baik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Arteriovenous Graft ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Previous studies have revealed that vascular access resistance is constant during hemodialysis, but differs according to vascular access type. It is possible that intra-access flow volume (Qac) variation during hemodialysis may also differ according to vascular access type. We conducted this study to investigate whether there are differences in Qac according to vascular access type during hemodialysis. Methods: A total of 58 lower-arm arteriovenous fistula, 14 lower-arm arteriovenous graft, 27 upper-arm arteriovenous fistula, and 45 upper-arm arteriovenous graft cases were studied. Three consecutive Qac values (at 30, 120, and 240 min after the start of hemodialysis) were measured in each patient by the ultrasound dilution technique. Variations in Qac over time were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and multivariate regression analyses, to assess the impact of different factors on Qac variation. Results: The repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that a significant interaction exists between time and vascular access type (p < 0.001). This suggests that vascular access type affects Qac change (%) variation over time during hemodialysis. In a multivariate analysis, mean arterial pressure change during hemodialysis (p = 0.009), access type (p < 0.001), and access location (p < 0.001) were independent variables causing Qac change variation. Conclusion: This study showed that there is a significant difference in Qac variation according to vascular access type during hemodialysis and that arteriovenous graft (vs arteriovenous fistula) and the lower-arm location (vs upper arm) were associated with a decrease in Qac during hemodialysis. This suggests that consideration of vascular access type is required to minimize Qac variation during hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Muscle Activation in Alternative Footwear during Stance Phase of Slip Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1533
Author(s):  
Harish Chander ◽  
John C. Garner ◽  
Chip Wade ◽  
Adam C. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Muscle activity from the slipping leg have been previously used to analyze slip induced falls. However, the impact of casual alternative footwear on slipping leg muscle activity when exposed to slippery environments is still unknown. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of alternative footwear (crocs (CC) and flip-flops (FF)) compared to slip-resistant footwear (LT) on lower extremity muscle activity when exposed to dry gait (NG), unexpected (US), alert (AS), and expected slips (ES). Eighteen healthy males (age: 22.3 ± 2.2 years; height: 177.7 ± 6.9 cm; weight: 79.3 ± 7.6 kg) completed the study in a repeated measures design in three footwear sessions separated by 48 h. Electromyography (EMG) muscle activity from four muscles of the lead/slipping leg was measured during the stance phase of the gait-slip trials. A 3 (footwear) × 4 (gait-slip trials) repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze EMG dependent variables mean, peak, and percent of maximal voluntary contraction. Greater lower extremity muscle activation during the stance phase was seen in US and AS conditions compared to NG and ES. In addition, footwear differences were seen for the alternative footwear (CC and FF) during US and AS, while the low top slip resistant shoe had no differences across all gait trials, suggesting it as the most efficient footwear of choice, especially when maneuvering slippery flooring conditions, either with or without the knowledge of an impending slip.

scholarly journals The Impact of Fetal Anomalies on Contemporary Labor Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (14) ◽  
pp. 1423-1430
Author(s):  
Anna C. McCormick ◽  
Jennifer J. McIntosh ◽  
Weihua Gao ◽  
Judith U. Hibbard ◽  
Meredith O. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Fetal Anomaly ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Interval Censored ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labor Patterns

Objective To compare labor patterns in pregnancies affected by fetal anomalies to low-risk singletons. Study Design Labor data from the Consortium on Safe Labor, a multicenter retrospective study from 19 U.S. hospitals, including 98,674 low-risk singletons compared with 6,343 pregnancies with fetal anomalies were analyzed. Repeated-measures analysis constructed mean labor curves by parity, gestational age, and presence of fetal anomaly in women who reached full dilation. Interval-censored regression analysis adjusted for covariables was used to determine the median traverse times for labor progression. Results Labor curves for all groups indicated slower labor progress for patients with fetal anomalies. The most significant trends in median traverse times were observed in the preterm nulliparous and term multiparous groups. The median traverse times from 4 cm to complete dilation in the preterm nulliparous control versus anomaly groups were 5.0 and 5.4 hours (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Labor proceeds at a slower rate in pregnancies affected by anomalies.

The effect of Sports-based Physical Activity programme on teachers’ relatedness, stress and exercise motivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gi-cheol Kim ◽  
Rachel Gurvitch
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Exercise Motivation ◽  
Physical Activity Programme ◽  
Teacher Wellness ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Background: Teacher wellness affects teaching performance and students’ academic achievement; hence, teacher wellness matters and should be a concern to educational researchers and practitioners. There are several teacher wellness approaches, but no one of them specifically focuses on a Sports-based Physical Activity programme. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a Sports-based Physical Activity programme on teachers’ relatedness, stress and motivation towards physical activity. Method: Middle school teachers ( n = 32) volunteered to participate in the research as programme participants ( n = 12) or non-programme participants ( n = 20). The Sports-based Physical Activity programme included 7 weeks of training in Catchball, a team sport and a tournament as the culminating event. The study adopted a mixed-methods design: a quasi-experimental design collecting quantitative data from online surveys and a case study design collecting qualitative data from interviews with the programme participants, non-participants and the school principal. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that the Sports-based Physical Activity programme was effective in relatedness, F(1, 30) = 5.16, p = .031, [Formula: see text] = .147, and in one of the six motivation subscales, external regulation, F(1, 30) = 4.23, p = .048, [Formula: see text] = .124. The qualitative analysis findings supported the programme’s contribution to teachers’ relationship, stress and exercise motivation. Conclusion: Overall, the programme was effective in promoting teachers’ relationships in school, controlling levels of teachers’ stress and fostering teachers’ motivation towards physical activity. Further studies are required to examine the impact of a Sports-based Physical Activity approach in diverse school contexts and its impact on student learning.

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