scholarly journals Analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigenic tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital outbreak situation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús María Aranaz-Andrés ◽  
Abelardo Claudio Fernández Chávez ◽  
Amaranta McGee Laso ◽  
Melanie Abreu ◽  
Paloma Moreno Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Units ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Suspected Outbreak

Abstract The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) continues to be the reference diagnostic method for the confirmation of COVID-19 cases; however, rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) have recently been developed. The purpose of the study is to assess the performance of rapid antigen-based COVID-19 testing in the context of hospital outbreaks. This was an observational, cross-sectional study. The study period was from October 2020 to January 2021. The “Panbio COVID-19 AG” RADT (Abbott) was performed and TaqPath COVID-19 test RT-PCR. The samples were obtained from hospitalised patients in suspected outbreak situations at the Ramón y Cajal Hospital. A hospital outbreak was defined as the presence of 3 or more epidemiologically linked cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the RADT were calculated using RT-PCR as a reference. A total of 17 hospital outbreaks were detected in 11 hospital units during the study period, in which 34 RT-PCR and RADT screenings were performed. We obtained 541 samples, which were analysed with RT-PCR and a further 541 analysed with RADT. Six RADT tests gave conflicting results with the RT-PCR, 5 of them with a negative RADT and positive RT-PCR and one with positive RADT and a negative RT-PCR. The sensitivity of the RADT was 83.3% (65.3–94.4%) and the specificity was 99.8% (98.9–100%). The PPV was 96.2% (80.4–99.9%) and the NPV was 99% (97.7–99.7%). The RADT shows good diagnostic performance in patients on non-COVID-19 hospital wards, in the context of an outbreak.

scholarly journals Role of transvaginal sonography in the detection of endometrial carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
MS Showkat ◽  
S Nabi ◽  
L Khondker ◽  
B Bhowmik ◽  
SN Tushar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography

Transvagival sonography is superior to transabdominal sonography in most cases of pelvic pathology. Objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in pre, peri and post menopausal women suspected to have endometrial carcinoma. This cross sectional study was done with 40 patients who are clinically suspected having thickened endometrium. The study was carried out January 2007 to November 2008 for a period of two years. The patients having endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by TVS was correlated with histopathological diagnosis following collection of the report from the respective cases. Of total 40 cases, 2(5.0%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 38(95.0%) were negative for endometrial carcinoma respectively in TVS findings. On the other hand 3(7.5%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 37 (92.5%) cases were negative for endometrial carcinoma in histopathological findings. The validity of TVS in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma were studied by calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, which were 67 percent, 100 percent, 98 percent, 100 percent and 97 percent respectively. As the TVS findings of the present study correlated well with the histopathology findings and the validity test values were higher than observed by others, it can be concluded that TVS is sensitive and accurate modality in the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19647 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 80-85

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF THE UPPER LIP BITE TEST;

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ATIF ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD JAVAD YOUSAF ◽  
Khalid Buland
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficultlaryngoscopic intubation. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department ofAnaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009.Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled afterwritten informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification (MMP) and theUpper lip bite test (ULBT). MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view wasgraded by Cormack and Lehane classification (Gold standard). Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy werecalculated for both the tests separately by using the 2×2 table. Results: ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% andpositive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that itbe compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations.

scholarly journals Performance of LED Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konjit Getachew ◽  
Tamrat Abebe ◽  
Abebaw Kebede ◽  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Getachew Melkamu
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background. Despite its lower sensitivity, smear microscopy remains the main diagnostic method for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in resource-limited countries as TB culturing methods like LJ (Lowenstein-Jensen) are expensive to use as a routine base. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of LED-FM for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals.Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted in Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Teklehaimanot Health Center HIV/ART clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Each sample was stained with ZN and Auramine O staining and examined with bright-field microscope and LED-FM microscope, respectively. LJ culture was used as a reference.Results. Out of 178 study participants, twenty-four (13.5%) patients were confirmed as positive for MTB with LJ culture. The yield of ZN microscopy and LED-FM in direct and concentrated sample was 3.9%, 8.4%, 6.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of direct ZN microscopy were 29.2%, 100%, 100%, and 90.1%, respectively, and of LED-FM microscopy in direct sputum sample were 62.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.5%, respectively.Conclusion. LED-FM has better sensitivity for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals as compared to conventional ZN microscopy. LED-FM can be used as an alternative to conventional ZN microscopy.

scholarly journals Interleukin 21 as a diagnostic marker of rheumatoid arthritis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (08) ◽  
pp. 1229-1232
Author(s):  
Khadija Kiran ◽  
Amtul Huda ◽  
Zuhair Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

To investigate the role of IL-21 as diagnostic marker in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology and Orthopedic Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala. Period: October 2017 to October 2018 in one year duration. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients were included in the study, main variables assessed in this study were positive predictive value negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of IL-21 in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Study was started after permission from hospital ethical committee and patients were informed in detail about disease and procedure to be done. Non probability consecutive sampling was used. Results: The estimated sensitivity was 93.6%. The estimated specificity was 50%. Positive predictive value was 96.3% and negative predictive value was 35.7%. The overall accuracy was 90.6% for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: IL-21 induces MMP3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients, identification of IL-21 from synovium of patients indicates the presence of rheumatoid arthritis. We observed 90.6% diagnostic accuracy of IL-21 for rheumatoid patients taking RA factor as gold standard of diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals Assessment of nutritional status of children aged 34-92 months using various nutritional status indices and validity of age independent indices

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2593
Author(s):  
Nayantara R. Gandra ◽  
Kalavathy Jasmine Masillamoni
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Age Independent ◽  
Weight For Age

Background: Even though there are many programs run by Government to tackle the problem of malnutrition in India, problem of malnutrition is still there. Malnutrition leads to infections and even can lead to death of child in severe cases. The mortality rate is very high compared to other countries. The objective of the study to study validity of age independent various nutritional status indices in comparison to gold standard of weight for ageMethods: Present study was institution based cross sectional study carried out at SDA high school, from January 2019 to July 2019 among 58 school children aged 34-92 months of age. Anthropometric measurements like weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference, mid arm circumference were recorded as per the standard guidelines. Weight for height, weight of age, Kanawati Index, Jeliffe’s ratio, Rao index, and Dugdales index was calculated. Gold standard used was weight for age. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for these indices.Results: Majority of the children belonged to 48-60 months and 61-72 months i.e. 29.3% each. Males were more than females. Prevalence of malnutrition was 60.3%, 48.3%, 51.7%, 91.4%, and 56.8% based on weight for age, Kanawati index, Rao index, Jeliffe’s ratio and Dugdale’s index respectively. Dugdale’s index was found to have high sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (86.9%) compared to all other indices.Conclusions: Among age independent indices of nutritional status available, Dugdales index can be used as it has been found that it has remarkably higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other age independent indices of nutritional status.

scholarly journals Comparison of Upper Lip Bite Test with Modified Mallampati Test and Thyromental Distance for Prediction of Difficult Intubation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Sabin Koirala ◽  
Bigen Man Shakya ◽  
Moda Nath Marhatta
Keyword(s):  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Airway Assessment ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Bedside Test ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: The prediction of difficult intubation using simple bedside test is of great importance to prevent mismanagement of airway. This study was conducted to compare Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) with Modified Mallampati Test (MMT) and Thyromental Distance (TMD) for the prediction of difficult intubation. Method: This was descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 121 patients of  American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) I and II patients scheduled for elective surgery requiring general anaesthesia with endotracheal tube. The airway assessment of the patients was done one day prior to the surgery using Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT), Modified Mallampati Test (MMT) and measurement of Thyromental Distance (TMD) . On the day of surgery during laryngoscopy, Cormack-Lehane (CL) grading was recorded. The CL grading of III and IV was labeled as difficult intubation. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Likelihood Ratio (LR) of ULBT, MMT and TMD were calculated and compared. Results: The total percentage of difficult intubation, defined by Cormack-Lehane (CL) III and IV was 16.52 %. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) was 50%, 100%, 100%, 91% and 91.74% respectively. ULBT had a significantly higher sensitivity, specificity and PPV when compared to MMT or  TMD or MMT and TMD when combined together. Conclusions:  Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) is better   predictor of difficult intubation  and it should be used along with other test during airway assessment.

Ratio of height to thyromental distance: a comparison with Mallampati and Upper lip Bite test for predicting difficult intubation in Pakistani population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Saman Tauheed Ali ◽  
Khalid Samad ◽  
Syed Amir Raza ◽  
Muhammad Qamarul Hoda
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Difficult Laryngoscopy ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elective Surgical Procedures ◽  
Lehane Grade ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objectives: We conducted this study to compare the accuracy of three diagnostic tests; ratio of height to thyromental distance (RHTMD), Modified Mallampati Test (MMT) and Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) in predicting difficult laryngoscopy using Cormack and Lehane grade as gold standard.Methods: This study was conducted in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Based on calculated sample size, 383 patients who required endotracheal intubation for elective surgical procedures were enrolled with consecutive sampling techniques during August 2014 to August 2015 for this cross-sectional study. Primary investigator used RHTMD, ULBT, and MMT for assessing the airway and correlated with laryngoscopic view.Results: A total of 383 patients were incorporated in this research, out of which 59(15.4%) classified as difficult laryngoscopy based on Cormack and Lehane (CL) grading. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of RHTMD (84.7%, 90.1%, 60.9%, 97%, 89.3%) and ULBT (83.1%, 89.2%, 58.3%, 96.7%, 88.3%) values were highest as compared to MMT (30.5%, 84.3%, 26.1%, 86.9%, 79.9%). The area under a receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC of ROC curve) for ULBT and RHTMD was significantly more than for MMT (P<0.01). RHTMD and ULBT both are acceptable alternatives for prediction of difficult laryngoscopy as a simple, single bed-side test. Continuous...

Diagnostic Efficacy of HbA1c in Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus in a Bangladesh Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Rahman ◽  
M Saiedullah ◽  
S Shermin ◽  
S Begum ◽  
S Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diabetes Mellitus

American Diabetic Association (ADA) affirms HbA1c with cut off value of 6.5% as a diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization (WHO) also supports but recommended that a value <6.5% does not exclude diabetes which is diagnosed by glucose test. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of HbA1c in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy in a selected group of Bangladeshi subjects. This cross-sectional study included 761 adult Bangladeshi subjects of both sex attending the outdoor in a tertiary healthcare center during the period of September 2009 to September 2010. Fasting, postprandial (2 hours after glucose load) plasma glucose and HbA1c were measured. Diabetes is defined according to HbA1c and plasma glucose. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of HbA1c were 90.00% (CI 86.48-92.86%), 76.21% (CI 71.68-80.35%), 78.17% (CI 73.94-82.00%) and 88.96% (CI 85.10-92.10%) respectively. Accuracy was 82.92% with odds ratio (OR) 28.84 (CI 19.10-43.54%); p < 0.001. Though HbA1c revealed remarkable diagnostic efficacy and ease of performance, still it can not over rule the role of plasma glucose in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18785 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol. 41 No. 1; 53-54

scholarly journals Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a hospital in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 816-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyu Tang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Lu ◽  
Qingdong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective To evaluate the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China. Methods This cross-sectional study included sputum specimens of 240 suspected TB cases. Specimens were examined by light microscopy for the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which were cultured by the BACTEC MGIT 960 (M960) system and detected by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. The positive rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and average turnaround time of methods were evaluated. Results The positive rate was 36.6% (87/238) for the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and 34.0% (81/238) by M960 culture, with no significant difference between methods (χ2 = 0.33, p > 0.05). According to culture results, sensitivity of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was 84.0% (68/81), specificity was 87.8% (129/147), the PPV was 78.2% (68/87), and the NPV was 87.2% (129/148). The agreement for results between Gene Xpert MTB/RIF and the M960 system was 82.8% and the Kappa value was 0.73. Conclusion The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is a simple, rapid, and accurate test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens.

scholarly journals Pre-operative laparoscopic staging of gastric cancer in patients who are candidates for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Kourosh Ghanadi ◽  
Hormoz Mahmoudvand ◽  
Ali Bakhtiari ◽  
Mojtaba Gorji ◽  
Nasroallah Moradi-kor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Operative Laparoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the laparoscopic method in gastric cancer staging before surgery in patients undergoing Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study on patients with T3-T4 and node positive non-metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma who was candidates for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The patients were excluded from the study when they were not in the condition to continue the study. All eligible patients underwent metastases work up by abdominal, pelvic and chest CT scans and then received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Pre-operative laparoscopy was performed before definitive surgery. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical significance, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated from this data.ResultsIn this study, out of 50 patients, 26 (52%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 62.44 ± 12.136 years. Most tumors were located in one-third distal of stomach (21 patients, 42%). The accuracy of the laparoscopic method, to determine the degree of involvement of the lymph nodes, revealed that the method had a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 47.62%, a positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 1.6, a negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0.33%, a positive predictive value of 65.62% and a negative predictive value of 71.43%. The accuracy of the laparoscopic method, regarding determining the presence or absence of metastasis, revealed that the method had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and a negative predictive value of 100%.ConclusionBased on the evidence of this study, and other studies in this field, it seems that the use of a step-by-step combination methods in gastric cancer staging would be logical. Alone, no singular method would be sufficient in providing the physician with sufficient information to successfully stage the tumor and thus determine the appropriate treatment. Therefore, the combination of methods should be used which, in view of the economic constraints of health systems, would be recommended for high-risk patients for metastasis (N+/ T3-T4), diagnostic pre-operative laparoscopy.

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