scholarly journals Pre-operative laparoscopic staging of gastric cancer in patients who are candidates for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Kourosh Ghanadi ◽  
Hormoz Mahmoudvand ◽  
Ali Bakhtiari ◽  
Mojtaba Gorji ◽  
Nasroallah Moradi-kor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Operative Laparoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the laparoscopic method in gastric cancer staging before surgery in patients undergoing Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study on patients with T3-T4 and node positive non-metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma who was candidates for neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The patients were excluded from the study when they were not in the condition to continue the study. All eligible patients underwent metastases work up by abdominal, pelvic and chest CT scans and then received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Pre-operative laparoscopy was performed before definitive surgery. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical significance, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated from this data.ResultsIn this study, out of 50 patients, 26 (52%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 62.44 ± 12.136 years. Most tumors were located in one-third distal of stomach (21 patients, 42%). The accuracy of the laparoscopic method, to determine the degree of involvement of the lymph nodes, revealed that the method had a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 47.62%, a positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 1.6, a negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0.33%, a positive predictive value of 65.62% and a negative predictive value of 71.43%. The accuracy of the laparoscopic method, regarding determining the presence or absence of metastasis, revealed that the method had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and a negative predictive value of 100%.ConclusionBased on the evidence of this study, and other studies in this field, it seems that the use of a step-by-step combination methods in gastric cancer staging would be logical. Alone, no singular method would be sufficient in providing the physician with sufficient information to successfully stage the tumor and thus determine the appropriate treatment. Therefore, the combination of methods should be used which, in view of the economic constraints of health systems, would be recommended for high-risk patients for metastasis (N+/ T3-T4), diagnostic pre-operative laparoscopy.

scholarly journals Surgeon Performed Ultrasound in Assessing Thyroid Nodule Using American College of Radiology Tirads and Total Malignancy Score (TMS): A Validation Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Syazni Muhammed ◽  
Randeep Singh ◽  
Shahrun Niza Abdullah Suhaimi ◽  
Nani Harlina Muhammad Latar
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) and Total Malignancy Score (TMS) scoring system, in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving patients with thyroid nodules treated at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz from October 2017 until October 2019. Ultrasound findings were scored according to the ACR[1]TIRADS and TMS scoring system. They were then correlated with the FNAC or histopathology report. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of both scoring system were calculated for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients with 223 thyroid nodules were included. 17% or 38 nodules were found to be malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of ACR-TIRADS and TMS were 97.37% vs. 84.21 % , 52.97% vs. 62.70%, 29.84% vs. 31.68%, 98.99% vs. 95.08% and 61% vs. 66% respectively. According to the ACR-TIRADS, only hypoechoic nodules was a strong predictor of malignancy. Comparatively, in the TMS, strong predictors of malignancy include single nodule, hypoechogenicity, irregular margin, and nodules with peri and intranodular vascularity. CONCLUSION: Both ACR-TIRADS and TMS score had good diagnostic accuracy in predicting malignant thyroid nodule. TMS is comparable and not inferior to ACR[1]TIRADS however, the latter is more practical for use as growth and Doppler characteristic are not included in the assessment.

scholarly journals Reliability of visual assessment of neonatal jaundice among neonates of black descent: a cross-sectional study from Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikunda Dionis ◽  
Omary Chillo ◽  
George M. Bwire ◽  
Calvin Ulomi ◽  
Manase Kilonzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Jaundice is common among neonates and if untreated can lead to kernicterus. Diagnosing neonatal jaundice (NJ) using Kramer’s method (visual assessment) is considered user-friendly in resource-limited areas. However, there are conflicting findings on reliability of the Kramer’s method in the diagnosis of NJ, particularly of black descent. Therefore, study aimed to determine the accuracy of Kramer’s method in comparison to the total serum bilirubin (TSB) test in the diagnosis of NJ among neonates of black descent in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2020 at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. A total of 315 neonates were recruited consecutively. In each neonate, jaundice was assessed using Kramer’s method and TSB test. NJ A total of 315 neonates were recruited i. A 2 X 2 table was created for the determination of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (+LR/−LR), and diagnostic accuracy (effectiveness) of Kramer’s method. Cohen kappa (κ) was used to analyze the agreement between Kramer’s method and TSB. Association between independent variables and presence of jaundice were assessed using the chi-square test and the p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The prevalence of NJ was 49.8% by Kramer’s method and 63.5% by TSB. The Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, and NPV of Kramer’s method were 70.5, 86.1, 89.8, and 62.6%, respectively. The +LR and –LR were 5.07 and 0.34, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of Kramer’s method was 76.1%. There was a moderate agreement between Kramer’s method and TSB results (κ = 0.524, P<0.001). No significant relationship was observed between the independent variables and the presence of NJ. Conclusion Kramer has a good positive predictive value. However, due to low sensitivity and NPV one cannot say that overall predictive ability is good. Also, clinical assessment by Kramer’s method should not be used for screening of NJ. Further studies are needed to investigate the utility of other non-invasive techniques in detecting NJ among neonates of black descent.

scholarly journals Self-reported insomnia as a marker for anxiety and depression among migraineurs: a population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Min Kim ◽  
Dong Hyun Lee ◽  
Eun Ju Lee ◽  
Yun Ho Roh ◽  
Won-Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Population Based Survey

AbstractAnxiety, depression, and insomnia are highly prevalent among migraineurs and are associated with negative health consequences. Anxiety and depression, however, unlike insomnia, are usually underdiagnosed, due to less self-reporting of these two conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of anxiety and depression in migraineurs with self-reported insomnia, using a general population-based sample. We used data from a nationwide population-based survey on headache and sleep, the Korean Headache-Sleep Study. Of all 2,695 participants, 143 (5.3%), 268 (10.0%), 116 (4.3%), and 290 (10.8%) were classified as having migraine, anxiety, depression, and self-reported insomnia, respectively. The risk of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 7.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0–16.7) and depression (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3–8.5) was significantly increased in migraineurs with self-reported insomnia. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for anxiety in migraineurs with self-reported insomnia were 46.5%, 89.0%, 64.5%, and 79.5%, respectively. For depression, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 41.7%, 82.4%, 32.3%, and 87.5%, respectively. Self-reported insomnia is likely to be comorbid with anxiety and depression in migraineurs and could thus be a useful predictor of anxiety and depression in migraine.

Predictive value of rectal aberrant crypt foci for intraepithelial neoplasia in ulcerative colitis – a cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Ricardo Cardoso ◽  
Maria Manuel Donato ◽  
Manuela Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Role of transvaginal sonography in the detection of endometrial carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
MS Showkat ◽  
S Nabi ◽  
L Khondker ◽  
B Bhowmik ◽  
SN Tushar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography

Transvagival sonography is superior to transabdominal sonography in most cases of pelvic pathology. Objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in pre, peri and post menopausal women suspected to have endometrial carcinoma. This cross sectional study was done with 40 patients who are clinically suspected having thickened endometrium. The study was carried out January 2007 to November 2008 for a period of two years. The patients having endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by TVS was correlated with histopathological diagnosis following collection of the report from the respective cases. Of total 40 cases, 2(5.0%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 38(95.0%) were negative for endometrial carcinoma respectively in TVS findings. On the other hand 3(7.5%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 37 (92.5%) cases were negative for endometrial carcinoma in histopathological findings. The validity of TVS in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma were studied by calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, which were 67 percent, 100 percent, 98 percent, 100 percent and 97 percent respectively. As the TVS findings of the present study correlated well with the histopathology findings and the validity test values were higher than observed by others, it can be concluded that TVS is sensitive and accurate modality in the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19647 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 80-85

scholarly journals Comparison of Venous and Capillary Sampling in Oral Glucose Testing for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Diagnostic Accuracy Cross-Sectional Study Using Accu-Chek Inform II

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Sofia Nevander ◽  
Eva Landberg ◽  
Marie Blomberg ◽  
Bertil Ekman ◽  
Caroline Lilliecreutz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Capillary Sampling

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication with negative impacts on mother and child. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether plasma glucose cutoffs for GDM diagnosis based on venous sampling can be replaced by cutoffs based on capillary sampling. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed at an antenatal care clinic including 175 pregnant women undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Duplicate samples were collected by capillary and venous puncture while fasting and 1 h and 2 h after an OGTT. Both samples were analyzed on Accu-Chek Inform II. The cutoffs for a GDM diagnosis using capillary samples were corrected from 5.1 to 5.3 mmol/L for the fasting sample, from 10.0 to 11.1 mmol/L for the 1 h sample, and from 8.5 to 9.4 mmol/L for the 2-h sample using half of the dataset. Applying these cutoffs to the remaining dataset resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.0%, 95.0%, and 90.3%, respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 83%, an negative predictive value (NPV) of 96%, and a positive negative likelihood ratio (LHR) of 16.4 using capillary sampling for the GDM diagnosis at fasting and 2-h after. Corrected cutoffs and capillary samples can be used for the diagnosis of GDM with maintained diagnostic accuracy using Accu-Chek Inform II.

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF THE UPPER LIP BITE TEST;

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ATIF ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD JAVAD YOUSAF ◽  
Khalid Buland
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficultlaryngoscopic intubation. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department ofAnaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009.Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled afterwritten informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification (MMP) and theUpper lip bite test (ULBT). MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view wasgraded by Cormack and Lehane classification (Gold standard). Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy werecalculated for both the tests separately by using the 2×2 table. Results: ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% andpositive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that itbe compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations.

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