scholarly journals Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a hospital in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 816-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyu Tang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Lu ◽  
Qingdong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective To evaluate the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China. Methods This cross-sectional study included sputum specimens of 240 suspected TB cases. Specimens were examined by light microscopy for the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which were cultured by the BACTEC MGIT 960 (M960) system and detected by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. The positive rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and average turnaround time of methods were evaluated. Results The positive rate was 36.6% (87/238) for the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and 34.0% (81/238) by M960 culture, with no significant difference between methods (χ2 = 0.33, p > 0.05). According to culture results, sensitivity of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was 84.0% (68/81), specificity was 87.8% (129/147), the PPV was 78.2% (68/87), and the NPV was 87.2% (129/148). The agreement for results between Gene Xpert MTB/RIF and the M960 system was 82.8% and the Kappa value was 0.73. Conclusion The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is a simple, rapid, and accurate test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens.

scholarly journals Role of complementary cytology, colposcopy and histopathology in detecting premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akanksha Mangla ◽  
Renuka Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide. India alone accounts for one fifth of total number of cases worldwide. The aim of our study was to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, false positive rate and false negative rate of complementary cytology and colposcopy with histopathology as gold standard for detection of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung hospital, Delhi, India. 100 non pregnant females with complaint of post coital or irregular vaginal bleeding and those who had unhealthy cervix on visual inspection were included in study. Results: Colposcopy exhibited a high degree of accuracy in diagnosis of high grade lesions. Overall sensitivity of cytology was 50% whereas that of colposcopy was 83.3%. Cytology had specificity of 93.4% whereas colposcopy had specificity of 89.4%. 100% of high grade and invasive cancers on colposcopy were associated with similar findings on histology. The degree of agreement between cytology and colposcopy with histology was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Colposcopy is sensitive method as compared to cytology, especially in the higher grade lesions and combination of both methods appears to be of higher diagnostic importance.

scholarly journals Forns index as a useful noninvasive predictor of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Rizqi Arini Siregar ◽  
Leonardo Basa Dairi ◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background<br />Rupture and bleeding from esophageal varices are major complications of portal hypertension and associated with a high mortality rate. Non-invasive serum markers of liver fibrosis could be used as predictors of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of Forns index as a noninvasive predictor in diagnosing esophageal varices.<br /><br />Methods<br />A cross-sectional study was done in 51 cirrhotic patients who were admitted to Adam Malik hospital, Medan. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and laboratory tests were performed, so that Forns index could be calculated. The difference between Forns index and size of esophageal varices as determined by endoscopy was tested by independent-t and Mann-Whitney analysis. The diagnostic performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, likelihood ratios and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC). <br /><br />Results<br />Of the 51 patients with esophageal varices included in this study, the size of esophageal varices comprised F2 (37.3%), F3 (33.3), and F1 (29.4%). Most patients were of Child-Plug C type (52.6%). There was a significant difference between Forns index and grade of esophageal varices. The AUROC for Forns index was 0.717 (95% CI: 0.561 - 0.872) and the cut-off &gt;7.92 was highly predictive to diagnose large esophageal varices with a sensitivity of 63.9%, specificity of 73.3%, PPV of 85.2%, NPV of 45.8% and accuracy of 71.7%.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />Forns index was significantly increased in large esophageal varices. Forns index is a good noninvasive predictor of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Patient Experience During Virtual and In-Person Urgent Care Visits: Time and Cost Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237437352098148
Author(s):  
Saif Khairat ◽  
Xi Lin ◽  
Songzi Liu ◽  
Zhaohui Man ◽  
Tanzila Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Experience ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virtual Visits ◽  
One Year

Urgent care (UC) is one of the fastest growing venues of health care delivery for nonemergent conditions. This study compared the patient experience during virtual and in-person urgent care visits. We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with the same diagnosis during Virtual Urgent Care (VUC) and in-person UC visits with the same diagnosis with regard to time and cost over a period of one year. We recorded and analyzed 16 685 urgent care visits: In-person UC (n = 14 734), VUC (n = 1262). Significant differences were found in the average total time for a visit in an in-person UC (70.89 minutes), and VUC (9.38 minutes). The average total cost of VUC ($49) and in-person UC ($142.657) differed significantly. Significant difference was found between UC turnaround time and VC turnaround time (Dependent variable (DV): 53.77, P < .01). We found significant differences in cost and time between in favor of virtual visits. Our findings suggest additional policy reform to expand the use of virtual care among target populations to improve access, reduce costs, meet the needs of patients, and reduce emergency department visits.

scholarly journals Role of transvaginal sonography in the detection of endometrial carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
MS Showkat ◽  
S Nabi ◽  
L Khondker ◽  
B Bhowmik ◽  
SN Tushar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography

Transvagival sonography is superior to transabdominal sonography in most cases of pelvic pathology. Objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in pre, peri and post menopausal women suspected to have endometrial carcinoma. This cross sectional study was done with 40 patients who are clinically suspected having thickened endometrium. The study was carried out January 2007 to November 2008 for a period of two years. The patients having endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by TVS was correlated with histopathological diagnosis following collection of the report from the respective cases. Of total 40 cases, 2(5.0%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 38(95.0%) were negative for endometrial carcinoma respectively in TVS findings. On the other hand 3(7.5%) cases were endometrial carcinoma and 37 (92.5%) cases were negative for endometrial carcinoma in histopathological findings. The validity of TVS in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma were studied by calculating sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, which were 67 percent, 100 percent, 98 percent, 100 percent and 97 percent respectively. As the TVS findings of the present study correlated well with the histopathology findings and the validity test values were higher than observed by others, it can be concluded that TVS is sensitive and accurate modality in the evaluation of endometrial carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19647 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 80-85

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF THE UPPER LIP BITE TEST;

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ATIF ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD JAVAD YOUSAF ◽  
Khalid Buland
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficultlaryngoscopic intubation. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department ofAnaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009.Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled afterwritten informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification (MMP) and theUpper lip bite test (ULBT). MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view wasgraded by Cormack and Lehane classification (Gold standard). Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy werecalculated for both the tests separately by using the 2×2 table. Results: ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% andpositive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that itbe compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations.

scholarly journals Comparison of Novel, Bach Mai Boston Tool (BBT) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) for Oncology Inpatients

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327481986376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh Pham Van ◽  
Linh Nguyen Thuy ◽  
Hoa Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Anh Nguyen Le Tuan ◽  
Phuong Duong Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Global Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Oncology inpatients are at high risk of malnutrition. Identification of at risk patients by nutrition screening requires a practical and easy to use tool. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of the Bach Mai Boston Tool (BBT) compared to a ‘gold standard’ full nutrition assessment using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 oncology inpatients from January to December 2016. Cohen’s Kappa, sensitivity, specificity and ROC analyses were performed. 270 inpatients were included in this study with a mean age of 56.3 ± 12.1 years old. Of these patients, 51.8% were male, and 74.1% had gastrointestinal cancer. The mean body mass index of patients was 20.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2. The PG-SGA tool identified 146 (54.1%) malnourished patients, while the BBT identified 105 (39.9%) malnourished patients. The BBT had a medium consistency, with a Kappa value of 0.6. Using a cut-off point of ≥ 4, the BBT had a sensitivity of 87.7% and a specificity of 72.6%. On the other hand, a BBT with a cut-off point ≥ 5 resulted in a sensitivity of 67.1%, a specificity of 94.4%, and an AUC of 0.81. The BBT is a practical, informative and valid tool for detecting malnutrition in hospitalized oncology patients. We recommend using a cut-off point of 4 for screening the risk of malnutrition for oncology inpatients.

scholarly journals Performance of LED Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konjit Getachew ◽  
Tamrat Abebe ◽  
Abebaw Kebede ◽  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Getachew Melkamu
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background. Despite its lower sensitivity, smear microscopy remains the main diagnostic method for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in resource-limited countries as TB culturing methods like LJ (Lowenstein-Jensen) are expensive to use as a routine base. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of LED-FM for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals.Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted in Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Teklehaimanot Health Center HIV/ART clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Each sample was stained with ZN and Auramine O staining and examined with bright-field microscope and LED-FM microscope, respectively. LJ culture was used as a reference.Results. Out of 178 study participants, twenty-four (13.5%) patients were confirmed as positive for MTB with LJ culture. The yield of ZN microscopy and LED-FM in direct and concentrated sample was 3.9%, 8.4%, 6.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of direct ZN microscopy were 29.2%, 100%, 100%, and 90.1%, respectively, and of LED-FM microscopy in direct sputum sample were 62.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.5%, respectively.Conclusion. LED-FM has better sensitivity for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals as compared to conventional ZN microscopy. LED-FM can be used as an alternative to conventional ZN microscopy.

scholarly journals Interleukin 21 as a diagnostic marker of rheumatoid arthritis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (08) ◽  
pp. 1229-1232
Author(s):  
Khadija Kiran ◽  
Amtul Huda ◽  
Zuhair Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

To investigate the role of IL-21 as diagnostic marker in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology and Orthopedic Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala. Period: October 2017 to October 2018 in one year duration. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients were included in the study, main variables assessed in this study were positive predictive value negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of IL-21 in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Study was started after permission from hospital ethical committee and patients were informed in detail about disease and procedure to be done. Non probability consecutive sampling was used. Results: The estimated sensitivity was 93.6%. The estimated specificity was 50%. Positive predictive value was 96.3% and negative predictive value was 35.7%. The overall accuracy was 90.6% for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: IL-21 induces MMP3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients, identification of IL-21 from synovium of patients indicates the presence of rheumatoid arthritis. We observed 90.6% diagnostic accuracy of IL-21 for rheumatoid patients taking RA factor as gold standard of diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical Study of Rabbit-Polyclonal to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, AB905: Improving Diagnostic of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Humairah Medina Liza Lubis ◽  
Emni Purwoningsih ◽  
Ance Roslina ◽  
Muhammad Al Anas
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, the optimal diagnosis using Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) or excisional biopsy is uncertain. This research aims to improve the diagnostic of TBLN with FNAC and immunocytochemistry (ICC) compared to the response to antituberculosis therapy. The cross-sectional study involved 43 patients with the criteria for TBLN diagnosis based on the appropriate clinical history of tuberculosis and indicative cytological results. Immunocytochemical examination employed rabbit-polyclonal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antibody (AB905). The MTB expression was found in 35 out of 43 cases (81%) that appropriate cytological features of the tuberculosis process. Meanwhile, eight out of 43 cases (19%) did not express MTB. Diagnostic tests for lesions with a positive cytologic appearance of TBLN and ICC were compared to the response to anti-tuberculosis therapy, revealing the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 95.2%, 75%, 95.2%, and 17%, respectively. Besides, Fisher's exact tests utilized to identify the relationship between two variables; p 0.05 was considered significant. This research found immunocytochemical study was a sensitive and specific tool for improving the diagnostic of TBLN.

scholarly journals Assessment of nutritional status of children aged 34-92 months using various nutritional status indices and validity of age independent indices

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2593
Author(s):  
Nayantara R. Gandra ◽  
Kalavathy Jasmine Masillamoni
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Age Independent ◽  
Weight For Age

Background: Even though there are many programs run by Government to tackle the problem of malnutrition in India, problem of malnutrition is still there. Malnutrition leads to infections and even can lead to death of child in severe cases. The mortality rate is very high compared to other countries. The objective of the study to study validity of age independent various nutritional status indices in comparison to gold standard of weight for ageMethods: Present study was institution based cross sectional study carried out at SDA high school, from January 2019 to July 2019 among 58 school children aged 34-92 months of age. Anthropometric measurements like weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference, mid arm circumference were recorded as per the standard guidelines. Weight for height, weight of age, Kanawati Index, Jeliffe’s ratio, Rao index, and Dugdales index was calculated. Gold standard used was weight for age. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for these indices.Results: Majority of the children belonged to 48-60 months and 61-72 months i.e. 29.3% each. Males were more than females. Prevalence of malnutrition was 60.3%, 48.3%, 51.7%, 91.4%, and 56.8% based on weight for age, Kanawati index, Rao index, Jeliffe’s ratio and Dugdale’s index respectively. Dugdale’s index was found to have high sensitivity (85.7%) and specificity (86.9%) compared to all other indices.Conclusions: Among age independent indices of nutritional status available, Dugdales index can be used as it has been found that it has remarkably higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other age independent indices of nutritional status.

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