scholarly journals Environment-driven control of fungi in subterranean ecosystems: the case of La Garma Cave (northern Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sanchez-Moral ◽  
Valme Jurado ◽  
Angel Fernandez-Cortes ◽  
Soledad Cuezva ◽  
Tamara Martin-Pozas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Microclimate Monitoring ◽  
Paleolithic Art

AbstractAirborne microorganisms can cause important conservation problems in caves with Paleolithic art and therefore the knowledge of cave aerodynamic is essential. La Garma Cave (Cantabria, Spain), an exceptional archaeological site with several levels of galleries interconnected and two entrances, presents a complex atmospheric dynamics. An approach including aerobiological sampling together with microclimate monitoring was applied to assess the factors controlling the origin of airborne fungi. Here we show that winter ventilation is critical for the increasing of Basidiomycota spores in the cave air and the highest concentrations were found in the most ventilated areas. On the contrary, Ascomycota spores prevailed in absence of ventilation. Besides, most Ascomycota were linked to insects and bats that visit or inhabit the cave. The combination of aerobiological and microclimate data constitutes a good approach to evaluate the influence of external climatic conditions and design the most suitable strategies for the conservation of cultural heritage in the cave environment.

scholarly journals Airborne Fungi in Show Caves from Southern Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5027
Author(s):  
Irene Dominguez-Moñino ◽  
Valme Jurado ◽  
Miguel Angel Rogerio-Candelera ◽  
Bernardo Hermosin ◽  
Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽  
The North ◽  
Show Caves ◽  
Characteristic Features

The aerobiology of caves in Southern Spain possesses special characteristics, different from caves located in Northern Spain. Previous studies demonstrated the influence of outdoor air on caves in the north and the existence of two different patterns, depending on the season. In summer there is an abundance of Ascomycota, whereas in winter Basidiomycota predominates, which are related to the periods of stagnation and ventilation, respectively. In caves in Southern Spain the presence of airborne Basidiomycota is scarce and Ascomycota represents the main group of fungi widely distributed across the caves in all seasons. The most characteristic features were the abundant presence of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Parengyodontium album, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Leptobacillium symbioticum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum) and Cladosporium cladosporioides in Cueva del Tesoro, Cueva de Ardales and Gruta de las Maravillas. However, the presence of yeasts of the genera Cutaneotrichosporon, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus, Naganishia, Cystobasidium, Microstroma and Phragmotaenium was exclusive to Gruta de las Maravillas. Fungal hazard in the three show caves were determined using an ecological indicator based on the concentration of spores in cave air.

scholarly journals Arqueologia marítima em Cabo Verde: enquadramento e primeiros resultados do projecto CONCHA

2020 ◽  
pp. 2071-2084
Author(s):  
José Bettencourt ◽  
Adilson Dias ◽  
Carlos Lima ◽  
Christelle Chouzenoux ◽  
Cristovão Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
And Training

Among the partners of the UNESCO Chair The Ocean’s Cultural Heritage are CHAM and IPC (Cape Verde) which defined as essential action the underwater archaeological site inventory of that archipelago. This action started in 2018 as part of the European project CONCHA, that aims to address the different ways that port cities developed around the Atlantic during the early modern era. CONCHA’s surveys were conducted on the island of Santiago, in Ribeira Grande anchorage, in São Francisco (17th century) and in Urânia shipwrecks (1809). The project included the underwater survey, a review of the documentation and of the archaeological materials, recovered from the sites, at the Museum of Archaeology in Praia. Dissemination and training activities were also carried out. This paper systematizes the results of these works.

scholarly journals Mobile AR: User Evaluation in a Cultural Heritage Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5454
Author(s):  
Anabela Marto ◽  
Alexandrino Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
User Evaluation ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Mobile Augmented Reality ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Augmented Reality Application ◽  
Mobile Ar

The growing number of mobile augmented reality applications has been favoring its awareness and usage among diversified areas. Focusing on cultural heritage applications, this study presents an evaluation of a mobile augmented reality application tested at Conimbriga, an archaeological site. The prototype developed for this purpose, named DinofelisAR, allowed users to view, over 360 degrees, a majestic reconstruction of a Forum from the Roman Era superimposed over its current ruins. Thus, users were able to keep perceiving the present-day surroundings of a Roman city in ruins while, at the same time, had the possibility to explore the matching virtual model. The results presented, arising from 90 participants involved in this evaluation, praise the sense of opportunity for new augmented reality solutions targeted at cultural heritage sites.

scholarly journals Community Engagement around the Maya Archaeological Site of Ceibal, Guatemala

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-648
Author(s):  
Jessica MacLellan ◽  
Melissa Burham ◽  
María Belén Méndez Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
Systemic Problems

The Ceibal-Petexbatún Archaeological Project has built long-standing relationships in the area around Ceibal, Guatemala, particularly in the Q’eqchi’ Maya village of Las Pozas. Both Q’eqchi’ and ladino (non-indigenous) people in the region face serious, systemic problems, including a loss of access to land and an absence of economic opportunities. The ancient Maya sites in the area have been damaged by deforestation and looting. Project archaeologists seek to improve economic conditions in local communities while encouraging the preservation of cultural heritage. Here, we describe past microfinance and classroom outreach projects conducted in Las Pozas and discuss future initiatives that could make archaeological heritage more beneficial to multiple communities.

Maritime Archaeology, the Dive Community, and Heritage Tourism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur B. Cohn ◽  
Joanne M. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
General Public ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Underwater Sites

In modern times, the development of new survey, navigation, diving, and remotely operated vehicle technologies have made the location, exploration, and excavation of historic shipwrecks feasible to the general public. The debate on the value of underwater cultural heritage is recent and the issues of protecting underwater sites are now accepted. The diving community has been engaged in this debate for several decades, and a wide variety of viewpoints have developed. Museums focusing on underwater cultural heritage serve as platforms to foster discussions on submerged cultural resource protection. As any archaeological site, shipwrecks excite the general public. While museums provide a venue to share the story of the wrecks, or the historical contexts in which they existed, there are multiple ways to share this information with the public that will allow them a first-hand experience with a shipwreck. This notion has given rise to the concept of heritage tourism.

scholarly journals Economic and Societal Impacts on Cultural Heritage Sites, Resulting from Natural Effects and Climate Change

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Alexandrakis ◽  
Constantine Manasakis ◽  
Nikolaos A. Kampanis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Market Benefits

The demand for a new concept of heritage, in which monuments and landscapes are considered active factors in creating a sense of history, is esteemed not only from a scientific and academic perspective, but as well as part of a more sensitive and efficient strategy to link cultural heritage and tourism, by bringing an integrative perspective to the forefront. Implementing such strategies is strictly correlated with the ability to support decision-makers and to increase people’s awareness towards a more comprehensive approach to heritage preservation. In the present work, a robust socioeconomic impact model is presented. Moreover, this work attempts to create an initial link between the economic impacts and natural hazards induced by the changes in the climatic conditions that cultural heritage sites face. The model’s novel socioeconomic impact analysis is the direct and indirect revenues related to the tourism use of a site, on which local economies are strongly correlated. The analysis indicated that cultural heritage sites provide a range of both market and non-market benefits to society. These benefits provide opportunities for policy interventions for the conservation of the cultural heritage sites and their promotion, but also to their protection against the impacts of climate change and natural disasters.

Phaseolus vulgaris is nodulated in northern Spain by Rhizobium leguminosarum strains harboring two nodC alleles present in American Rhizobium etli strains: biogeographical and evolutionary implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 657-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula García-Fraile ◽  
Daniel Mulas-García ◽  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
Raúl Rivas ◽  
Fernando González-Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Rhizobium Etli ◽  
Symbiotic Genes ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Core Genes

In this study a collection of rhizobial strains were isolated from effective nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris in a wide region of northern Spain, which is the major producer region of this legume in Spain. The analysis of their core genes, rrs, atpD, and recA, and the 16S–23S intergenic spacer showed that all isolates belong to the phylogenetic group of Rhizobium leguminosarum and some of them were identical to those of strains nodulating Vicia or Trifolium . None of the isolates was identified as Rhizobium etli ; however, all of them carry the nodC alleles α and γ harboured by American strains of this species. These alleles were also found in strains nodulating P. vulgaris in southern Spain identified as R. etli. These results suggest that R. etli was carried from America to Spain with common bean seeds, but that they could have found difficulties persisting in the soils of northern Spain, probably because of the climatic conditions. The symbiotic genes of this species could have been transferred, after the arrival of P. vulgaris, to strains of R. leguminosarum already present in northern Spanish soils.

scholarly journals ADVANCED 3D TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPORT OF THE BIM PROCESSES IN THE CULTURAL HERITAGE: IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE CASE STUDY OF THE ROMAN FLUVIAL PORT OF AQUILEIA (ITALY)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 989-993
Author(s):  
S. Pratali Maffei ◽  
E. Canevese ◽  
T. De Gottardo ◽  
L. Pizzol
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
3D Technology ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The University

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Advanced 3D technology, in line with the directives of the European Commission's Reflective 7 - Horizon 2020 project, allows to represent in an organized and accurate way (geometrically and chromatically speaking) any type of artefact belonging to the Cultural Heritage. This article will deal with the specific case-study of the research carried out in the archaeological site of the Roman fluvial port of Aquileia, in collaboration with the University of Trieste. Thirtysix MA Architecture students attending the experimental course in “Technologies for the conservation and enhancement of architectural heritage” were involved. The Advanced 3D model of the fluvial port was conveniently divided into 15 sectors, in order to allow the assignment of each sector to a different group of students. The students, using the tools provided by the proprietary EasyCUBE PRO software, were able to create a digital database with an accurate 3D representation of all types of degradation affecting the archaeological structures existing <i>in situ</i>. Starting from the digital database, the students created a report containing the surfaces, volumes, count of the specific elements and all the other textual and graphical data related to the degradation processes. The collected data allowed to produce a metric estimate of the restoration intervention and to realize visual simulations of the post-intervention result. This experience gave the chance to evaluate the advantages of creating a digital database of 3D representations of the various forms of degradation, also in terms of possible future developments.</p>

scholarly journals Condition Assessment: Identification of Threats and Review of Existing Structures of Wah Gardens for Prioritization of Treatment Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-128
Author(s):  
Ramla Toor ◽  
Saima Gulzar ◽  
Faiqa Khilat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Place And Identity ◽  
Future Condition

Wah Gardens’ historic fabric and physical environment including their cultural setting, buildings, water landscaped gardens, and artistic creations reflect the rich cultural heritage of the Mughal period. Wah Gardens that once depicted the prospects of regality and magnificence lie in ruins presently due to the climatic conditions, negligence of the concerned authorities and anthropogenic vandalism. These cultural assets are the physical evidence of the past. They carry a distinct and unforgettable image in the life of residents that needs to be preserved for future generations to give them their own sense of place and identity. The objective of this research is to identify the threats faced by this marvelous heritage site and review the condition of the heritage structures in order to preserve this cultural heritage resource for the future. Condition assessment and review was carried out to record the existing situation of the buildings as well as the surrounding landscape in order to develop appropriate recommendations for reviving the essence of this vibrant cultural heritage site. The prioritization of recommendations was formulated according to the condition assessment of the Wah Gardens.

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