Predation processes: behavioural interactions between red fox and roe deer during the fawning season

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Jarnemo
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Behavioural Interactions

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal patterns of wolf, mesocarnivores and prey in a Mediterranean area

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Rossa ◽  
Sandro Lovari ◽  
Francesco Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Behavioural Interactions ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Abstract Spatial and temporal occurrence can mediate behavioural interactions between apex predators, mesocarnivores and herbivores. Predators should adapt their activity to that of prey, whereas predator avoidance would be expected to influence activity patterns and space use of prey and smaller competitors. We evaluated interspecific spatiotemporal relationships in a prey-rich community including an apex predator (the wolf), three wild ungulates and several smaller herbivores/mesocarnivores, through camera trapping. All considered species (i.e. wolves and potential prey/smaller competitors: wild boar, fallow deer, roe deer, crested porcupine, red fox and European badger) were active especially at night and/or twilight. Among wild ungulates, the wolf showed the greatest temporal overlap with the wild boar and the lowest one with the least abundant and used of them, i.e. the roe deer. The main prey (i.e. the fallow deer) showed more diurnal activity and a lower temporal overlap with the predator in sites with high wolf activity than in low-activity ones. Among mesocarnivores, the red fox showed extensive temporal overlap with the wolf: the overlap between the two canids was greater in sites intensively used by this apex predator than in sites with low wolf activity, supporting a concurrent study which suggested a potential for facilitative—rather than competitive—interactions. Spatiotemporal relationships suggest complex interactions between the apex predator, prey and smaller carnivores, for which a substantial temporal or spatial association was often supported. Significance statement There is a growing interest in the influence of apex predators on ecosystems through their effects on the behaviour of prey and smaller carnivores, especially in the light of the ongoing recovery of large carnivores in temperate areas. Predators should synchronise their activity to that of prey; conversely, prey and smaller carnivores would be expected to avoid predators. In a rich community including the wolf, three wild ungulates and several mesomammals, we detected (i) a substantial temporal overlap between wolves and wild boar, porcupines and mesocarnivores; (ii) a negative temporal association between the predator and its main prey (i.e. the fallow deer) and (iii) a great temporal overlap between the wolf and the red fox. We provide a baseline to evaluate temporal changes of predator-prey-mesocarnivore behavioural interactions along with variations of carnivore-prey densities.

scholarly journals Human–Wildlife Conflicts in Krakow City, Southern Poland

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Sayantani M. Basak ◽  
Izabela A. Wierzbowska ◽  
Agnieszka Gajda ◽  
Marcin Czarnoleski ◽  
Maciej Lesiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Potential Conflict

Efforts to reduce human-wildlife-conflict are integral to wildlife management and conservation in urban habitats. In our study, we identified the HWC situations in urban areas of Krakow city, based on animal-vehicle collisions, intrusion to property, and damages. Hot spot analysis and Moran’s Index were used to identify the location of maximum potential conflict. We analysed 2512 incidents in which animals (of which 85% included mammals and 15% birds) were involved in conflict situations between 2007 and 2013. A significant seasonal variation was observed among the animals. We also identified roe deer (50.23%), red fox (22.80%) and wild boar (11.40%), as the three prominent conflicted animals. Getis–Ord Gi* analysis was used to identify spatial clusters of conflict. A significant spatial association was found in the location of clusters of hot spots in specific land-use based on Moran’s Index. Hot spots of roe deer and wild boar were high in grasslands and in forest and for red fox in built-up area. The results underscore the notion that conservation and wildlife management efforts must take into account differences in the seasonality of HWC among species. This information can be used to inform mitigation strategies.

RED FOX REMOVAL AND ROE DEER FAWN SURVIVAL—A 14-YEAR STUDY

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1090-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERS JARNEMO ◽  
OLOF LIBERG
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fawn Survival

Habitat and roe deer fawn vulnerability to red fox predation

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Panzacchi ◽  
J. D. C. Linnell ◽  
M. Odden ◽  
J. Odden ◽  
R. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer

Predation by red fox on European roe deer fawns in relation to age, sex, and birth date

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Jarnemo ◽  
Olof Liberg ◽  
Steffan Lockowandt ◽  
Agneta Olsson ◽  
Kjell Wahlström
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Birth Peak ◽  
Overall Mortality

Mortality in radio-marked European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)) neonates was studied during 14 years in a mixed forest–agricultural landscape in Sweden. A total of 233 fawns were marked. Births were synchronized, with 79% occurring during 25 days and a peak between 25 May and 7 June encompassing 62% of the births. Overall mortality was 42%, but in three single years, it exceeded 85%. Predation by red fox (Vulpes vulpes Desmarest, 1820) accounted for 81% of total mortality. The effects of age, sex, and time of birth on the vulnerability to predation were analysed. Fawns born just after the birth peak had the lowest predation risk. Predation rate was highest for the fawns that had the very earliest or the very latest birth dates. Predation thereby seems to strengthen the birth synchrony in roe deer. Contrary to earlier published findings, there was no difference in susceptibility to predation between the sexes. Also differing from earlier findings was that predation rate was highest during the first week of life and declined thereafter almost linearly. The majority of the fawns (85%) were killed before 30 days of age and 98% before 40 days. Different types of landscapes may explain the discrepancies between our study and earlier findings.

The effects of sex, time of birth, and habitat on the vulnerability of roe deer fawns to red fox predation

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1857-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Aanes ◽  
Reidar Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Birth Peak ◽  
A Minor

Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) predation on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) fawns was studied using radiotelemetry techniques on an island in central Norway. Red foxes killed 48% of the monitored roe deer fawns within 60 days of birth, and mortality from other factors constituted only a minor part (5%) of the total mortality. The predation rate was lower in first week of life than during the subsequent 3 weeks. Male roe deer fawns were four times more susceptible to red fox predation than female fawns. We argue that these results reflect differences in behaviour between the sexes. There were some indications that time of birth may be important in determining vulnerability of fawns to red fox predation, with fawns born during the birth peak suffering more predation than fawns born outside the peak. The type of habitat a roe deer fawn used appeared to influence the probability of being killed by a red fox, and our results supported the hypothesis that hiding is a strategy to avoid predation in dense habitats. Fawns killed by red foxes used open grassland significantly more than surviving fawns, which used woodland to a greater extent.

scholarly journals Exposure of Free-Ranging Wild Animals to Zoonotic Leptospira interrogans Sensu Stricto in Slovenia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2722
Author(s):  
Diana Žele-Vengušt ◽  
Renata Lindtner-Knific ◽  
Nina Mlakar-Hrženjak ◽  
Klemen Jerina ◽  
Gorazd Vengušt
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Stone Marten ◽  
Serum Samples

A total of 249 serum samples from 13 wild animal species namely fallow deer (Dama dama, n = 1), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, n = 80), red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 22), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra, n = 21), mouflon (Ovis musimon, n = 4), brown hare (Lepus europaeus, n = 2), nutria (Myocastor coypus, n = 1), red fox (Vulpes vulpes, n = 97), stone marten (Martes foina, n = 12), European badger (Meles meles, n = 2), golden jackal (Canis aureus, n = 2) Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx, n = 2) and grey wolf (Canis lupus, n = 3) were analysed for the presence of antibodies against Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto. Serum samples were examined via the microscopic agglutination test for the presence of specific antibodies against Leptospira serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bratislava, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Sejroe, Australis, Autumnalis, Canicola, Saxkoebing and Tarassovi. Antibodies to at least one of the pathogenic serovars were detected in 77 (30.9%; CI = 25–37%) sera. The proportion of positive samples varied intraspecifically and was the biggest in large carnivores (lynx, wolf and jackal; 86%), followed by mezzo predators: stone marten (67%) and red fox (34%), and large herbivores: red deer (32%), roe deer (25%), alpine chamois (10%) and mouflon (0%). Out of the 77 positive samples, 42 samples (53.8%) had positive titres against a single serovar, while 35 (45.4%) samples had positive titres against two or more serovars. The most frequently detected antibodies were those against the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. The present study confirmed the presence of multiple pathogenic serovars in wildlife throughout Slovenia. It can be concluded that wild animals are reservoirs for at least some of the leptospiral serovars and are a potential source of leptospirosis for other wild and domestic animals, as well as for humans.

scholarly journals Use of underpasses by animals on a fenced expressway in a suburban area in western Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ważna ◽  
Agnieszka Kaźmierczak ◽  
Jan Cichocki ◽  
Jacek Bojarski ◽  
Grzegorz Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
One Year

Expressways act as barriers to animals that block free movement in their habitats, especially when the roads are continuously fenced to prevent collisions between animals and vehicles. Various types of animal passages have been repeatedly studied in terms of their utility, albeit rather less frequently in the suburban environment. We conducted our research in a section of the fenced expressway S3 connecting two closely located cities in western Poland (Lubuskie province). Over the course of one year, we monitored four underpasses intended for small- and medium-sized animals using tracks. The underpasses were inspected weekly. Animal traces most frequently found belonged to roe deer Capreolus capreolus (20.9%), red fox Vulpes vulpes (15.1%), wild boar Sus scrofa (14%), and domestic dog Canis l. familiaris (12.4%). Surprisingly, the results of our study indicate that underpasses for small and medium mammals are also used by ungulate mammals. The use of the underpasses varied seasonally, being the highest in spring (37.9%) and the lowest in winter (10.4%). Moreover, seasonal differences in the use of passages were related to particular species/groups of animal species. We found that 22% of animals that entered the passage did not completely traverse it. People accounted for 17.1% of all stated traces in the underpasses. Stagnant water in the underpasses reduced the number of predatory mammals and wild boars using the underpasses but did not affect the activity of roe deer. These studies indicate that animal underpasses located in suburban areas are used by many species of animals despite the activity of humans and domesticated mammals.

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