Social and Economic Equity and Family Cohesion as Potential Protective Factors from Depression Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Uganda

Participants were 5,831 women in their third trimester of pregnancy, part of a large, longitudinal, pre-birth national cohort study. Women reported on their experience of pushing and shoving, throwing or breaking objects within their relationship over the past month. Univariable regression models examined the association of a large number of potential risk and protective factors. Those significant at the univariable level were carried forward into final multivariable analyses, stratified by New Zealand’s four main ethnic groups: European, Māori, Pacific, and Asian peoples. Relationship commitment, reduced family cohesion, and perceived stress were associated with increased risk across ethnic groups.

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Understanding Mental Health in the Context of Adolescent Pregnancy and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review Identifying a Critical Evidence Gap

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-020-03138-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn J. Roberts ◽

Colette Smith ◽

Lucie Cluver ◽

Elona Toska ◽

Lorraine Sherr

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Adolescent Pregnancy ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Living With Hiv

AbstractAdolescent (10–19 years) mental health remains an overlooked global health issue. Rates of adolescent pregnancy within sub-Saharan Africa are some of the highest in the world and occur at the epicentre of the global HIV epidemic. Both experiencing adolescent pregnancy and living with HIV have been found to be associated with adverse mental health outcomes, when investigated separately. Poor mental health may have implications for both parent and child. The literature regarding mental health within groups experiencing both HIV and adolescent pregnancy is yet to be summarised. This systematic review sought to identify (1) the prevalence/occurrence of common mental disorder amongst adolescents who are living with HIV and have experienced pregnancy, (inclusive of adolescent fathers) in sub-Saharan Africa (2) risk and protective factors for common mental disorder among this group, and (3) interventions (prevention/treatment) for common mental disorder among this group. A systematic search of electronic databases using pre-defined search terms, supplemented by hand-searching, was undertaken in September 2020. One author and an independent researcher completed a title and abstract screening of results from the search. A full-text search of all seemingly relevant manuscripts (both quantitative and qualitative) was undertaken and data extracted using pre-determined criteria. A narrative synthesis of included studies is provided. Quality and risk of bias within included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A systematic keyword search of databases and follow-up hand searching identified 2287 unique records. Of these, thirty-eight full-text quantitative records and seven full-text qualitative records were assessed for eligibility. No qualitative records met the eligibility criteria for inclusion within the review. One quantitative record was identified for inclusion. This study reported on depressive symptomology amongst 14 pregnant adolescents living with HIV in Kenya, identifying a prevalence of 92.9%. This included study did not meet the high methodological quality of this review. No studies were identified reporting on risk and protective factors for common mental disorder, and no studies were found identifying any specific interventions for common mental disorder for this group, either for prevention or for treatment. The limited data identified within this review provides no good quality evidence relating to the prevalence of common mental disorder among adolescents living with HIV who have experienced pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. No data was available relating to risk and protective factors or interventions for psychological distress amongst this group. This systematic review identifies a need for rigorous evidence regarding the mental health of pregnant and parenting adolescents living with HIV, and calls for granular interrogation of existing data to further our understanding of the needs of this group. The absence of research on this topic (both quantitative and qualitative) is a critical evidence gap, limiting evidence-based policy and programming responses, as well as regional development opportunities.

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Item and domain network structures of the Resilience Scale for Adults in 675 university students

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796019000222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. Briganti ◽

P. Linkowski

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Social Competence ◽

University Students ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Network Structure ◽

Family Cohesion ◽

Clinical Intervention ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

French Speaking ◽

Original Number

Abstract Aims The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) is a questionnaire that measures protective factors of mental health. The aim of this paper is to perform a network analysis of the RSA in a dataset composed of 675 French-speaking Belgian university students, to identify potential targets for intervention to improve protective factors in individuals. Methods We estimated a network structure for the 33-item questionnaire and for the six domains of resilience: perception of self, planned future, social competence, structured style, family cohesion and social competence. Node predictability (shared variance with surrounding nodes in the network) was used to assess the connectivity of items. An exploratory graph analysis (EGA) was performed to detect communities in the network: the number of communities detected being different than the original number of factors proposed in the scale, we estimated a new network with the resulting structure and verified the validity of the new construct which was proposed. We provide the anonymised dataset and code in external online materials (10.17632/64db36w8kf.2) to ensure complete reproducibility of the results. Results The network composed of items from the RSA is overall positively connected with strongest connections arising among items from the same domain. The domain network reports several connections, both positive and negative. The EGA reported the existence of four communities that we propose as an additional network structure. Node predictability estimates show that connectedness varies among the items and domains of the RSA. Conclusions Network analysis is a useful tool to explore resilience and identify targets for clinical intervention. In this study, the four domains acting as components of the additional four-domain network structure may be potential targets to improve an individual's resilience. Further studies may endeavour to replicate our findings in different samples.

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Violence Exposure and Drug Use in Central American Youth: Family Cohesion and Parental Monitoring as Protective Factors

Journal of Research on Adolescence ◽

10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00502.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 455-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Wendy Kliewer ◽

Lenn Murrelle ◽

Elizabeth Prom ◽

Melva Ramirez ◽

Patricia Obando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Parental Monitoring ◽

Violence Exposure ◽

Family Cohesion ◽

Central American ◽

Central American Youth

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Analysis of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and Family Functioning in Adolescents’ Sustainable Use of Alcohol and Tobacco

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11102954 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2954 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

María del Mar Molero Jurado ◽

María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes ◽

Ana Belén Barragán Martín ◽

Rosa María del Pino Salvador ◽

José Jesús Gázquez Linares

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

High School Students ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Stress Management ◽

Family Cohesion ◽

Self Concept ◽

Alcohol Expectancy ◽

School Students ◽

The Relationship

The use of alcohol and tobacco is related to several variables, which act as risk or protective factors depending on the circumstances. The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence, resilience, and family functioning in adolescent use of alcohol and tobacco, and to find emotional profiles for their use with regard to self-concept. The sample was made up of 317 high school students aged 13 to 18, who filled out the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory, the Resilience Scale for Adolescents, the APGAR Scale, the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire–Adolescents, and the Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire. The results revealed that emotional intelligence and resilience, specifically stress management and family cohesion, were significant in the group of non-users. Family functioning acts as a predictor for the onset of use of tobacco and alcohol. Positive expectancies about drinking alcohol were found to be a risk factor, and the intrapersonal factor was found to be protective. Both stress management and family cohesion were protective factors against smoking. Furthermore, cluster analysis revealed the emotional profiles for users of both substances based on self-concept. Finally, the importance of the direction of the relationship between the variables studied for intervention in this problem should be mentioned. Responsible use by improving adolescent decision-making is one of the results expected from this type of intervention.

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Living With Maternal HIV: Spirituality, Depression, And Family Functioning

American Journal of Health Sciences (AJHS) ◽

10.19030/ajhs.v7i1.9693 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

Aisha T. Asby ◽

Angela M. Bowman Heads ◽

Joseph W. Dickson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

African American ◽

Family Functioning ◽

African American Women ◽

Family Cohesion ◽

American Women ◽

Her Family ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Maternal Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Risk factors such as depression and low SES often affect an HIV infected mother’s ability to function within her family. Spirituality may interact with such risk factors contributing to the resiliency of these mothers. The current study explored spirituality’s influence on the relationship between depression and perceptions of family functioning in African American women living with HIV. High levels of spirituality were associated with decreased psychological distress and spirituality served as a significant predictor of family cohesion. Findings from this study support the importance of spirituality in the lives of African American women living with HIV and their families.

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Risk and protective factors of posttraumatic stress disorder among African American women living with HIV

AIDS Care ◽

10.1080/09540121.2018.1466981 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 1393-1399 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eaden Andu ◽

Brad H. Wagenaar ◽

Chris G. Kemp ◽

Paul E. Nevin ◽

Jane M. Simoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

African American ◽

Protective Factors ◽

African American Women ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

American Women ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

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Using Syndemics Theory to Investigate Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Condomless Sex Among Youth Living with HIV in 17 U.S. Cities

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-016-1550-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 833-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jacob J. van den Berg ◽

◽

M. Isabel Fernández ◽

Joseph L. Fava ◽

Don Operario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Factors ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Condomless Sex ◽

Youth Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

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Risk and Protective Factors in Cyberbullying: the Role of Family, Social Support and Emotion Regulation

International Journal of Bullying Prevention ◽

10.1007/s42380-021-00097-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

N. Arató ◽

A. N. Zsidó ◽

A. Rivnyák ◽

B. Péley ◽

B. Lábadi

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Social Factors ◽

Peer Effects ◽

Family Cohesion ◽

Self Report ◽

Perceived Support ◽

Emotional Skills

AbstractFamily and peer effects, as well as socio-emotional skills, are considered to have an essential role in cyberbullying. Although the dynamics of social factors and socio-emotional processes underlying cyberbullying are still open for research to further understand the direct and indirect relationships among the social factors (e.g., peers and family), socio-emotional skills (e.g. emotion regulation) and cyberbullying engagement. Thus, the aim of our study was to test models of cyberbullying perpetration and cybervictimization based on the role of family dynamics (cohesion, adaptability and communication), social support (from family and friends) and emotion regulation difficulties. One thousand, one hundred and five students (552 males, aged 11–19 years) participated in our research. We used self-report questionnaires to measure cyberbullying perpetration and cybervictimization, family functioning, perceived social support and emotion regulation difficulties. Our main findings support the crucial role of family and peers in cyberbullying engagement during adolescence. Perceived support from friends and family serve as protective factors against cybervictimization. Further, perceived support from friends and balanced family cohesion are protective factors against cyberbullying perpetration. On the other hand, emotion regulation difficulties appear to increase the risk of both cyberbullying perpetration and cybervictimization. Our findings confirm and extend the research on the role of family and peer effects, as well as emotion regulation in cyberbullying engagement. Moreover, our results have important implications for prevention and intervention programs involving family and peer support.

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