Alterations in Body Uneasiness, Eating Attitudes, and Psychopathology Before and After Cross-Sex Hormonal Treatment in Patients with Female-to-Male Gender Dysphoria

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2349-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şenol Turan ◽  
Cana Aksoy Poyraz ◽  
Nazife Gamze Usta Sağlam ◽  
Ömer Faruk Demirel ◽  
Özlem Haliloğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Body Uneasiness

scholarly journals Defensive Functioning of Individuals Diagnosed With Gender Dysphoria at the Beginning of Their Hormonal Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Giovanardi ◽  
Marta Mirabella ◽  
Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe ◽  
Francesco Lombardo ◽  
Anna Maria Speranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Defensive Functioning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Body Uneasiness

Defense mechanisms are relevant indicators of psychological functioning and vulnerability to psychopathology. Their evaluation can unveil individuals' unconscious strategies for mediating reactions to emotional conflict and external stressors. At the beginning of their journey toward gender reassignment, individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria (GD) may experience conflict and stressful experiences that trigger a wide range of defense mechanisms. Mature defenses may strengthen these individuals as they travel along this important path, while neurotic and immature defenses may exacerbate their body dissatisfaction (BD) and hinder their processing of change. Only a few studies have investigated self-reported defensive functioning in transgender people, finding a higher frequency of maladaptive defense mechanisms relative to controls. The present study was the first to apply an in-depth clinician-rated tool to assess the entire hierarchy of defense mechanisms within a sample of transgender people. Defensive functioning and personality organization were assessed in 36 individuals diagnosed with GD (14 trans women, 22 trans men, mean age 23.47 years), using the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales (Perry, 1990) and the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 (Shedler et al., 2014). Body uneasiness was assessed using the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT; Cuzzolaro et al., 2006). The findings showed that defensive functioning correlated positively with healthy personality functioning and negatively with BD. Compared to cisgender controls, participants with GD who presented greater defensive functioning were found to be more immature and to demonstrate significant differences in many levels of functioning. The clinical implications of the results suggest that psychological interventions aimed at improving defensive functioning in individuals with GD will be important in helping them manage the challenges posed by their gender transition.

scholarly journals SUN-062 Psychiatric Co-Morbidities, Sexual Orientation, and Impact of Therapeutic Interventions in a Gender Non-Conforming Pediatric Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica M Figueredo ◽  
Alejandro Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: There is limited scientific literature regarding gender non-conforming (GNC) youth in pediatric practice. GNC patients of all ages have an increased risk for psychiatric co-morbidities and suicidal risk. An increasing number of GNC youth are seeking therapeutic options to develop physical characteristics to match their gender identity. The study aim is to describe the prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities and sexual orientation among GNC pediatric patients in a clinic-based setting in Miami, Florida. A secondary aim is to compare the grade of dysphoria before and after therapeutic interventions among GNC youth. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review on records from 2014–2019 among transgender adolescents attending a pediatric endocrinology clinic in Miami. Data on demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained from electronic medical records. We performed descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS version and reported frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 158 patients were included in this analysis. There were 107 (67.7%) affirmed males (female to male), 47 (29.7%) affirmed females (male to female), and 4 (2.5%) considered themselves non-binary. Median age at onset of gender dysphoria symptoms and beginning of social affirmation was earlier in affirmed females (7.21 and 12.36 years vs. 9.65 and 13.50 years). Among affirmed males, sexual orientation was self-reported as 38% straight, 47% bisexual, 12% homosexual and 1% asexual vs. among affirmed females, whose sexual orientation was reported as 54.3% straight, 37.1% bisexual and 8.6% homosexual. Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities in our study population was 78.5%. Depression was the most frequent diagnosis (66.5%), followed by anxiety (33.5%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (10.1%), bipolar disorder (1.9%), bulimia (1.3%), anorexia nervosa (0.6%) and post traumatic stress disorder (0.6%). Psychiatric co-morbidities were more common among affirmed males (84.1% vs. 66%). History of suicidal ideation was more common among affirmed males (70.1%) than affirmed females (49%). Self-injuring (cutting) was more common among affirmed males (56.1%) than in affirmed females (25.5%). Mean age at hormonal treatment onset was similar in both groups (15.75 years in affirmed males vs. 15.58 years in affirmed females). The degree of gender dysphoria before and after starting hormonal treatment, reported on a scale of 0 (no dysphoria) to 10 (highest possible dysphoria), declined for both genders (8.08/10 and 3.99/10) and affirmed females (7.87/10 and 2.96/10). Conclusion: The prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities, suicidal ideation, and self-injuring behavior is high among GNC youth, but in this population, significantly worse among affirmed males. Both groups had significant improvement in the degree of dysphoria after beginning hormonal treatment.

Cross‐Sex Hormonal Treatment and Body Uneasiness in Individuals with Gender Dysphoria

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D. Fisher ◽  
Giovanni Castellini ◽  
Elisa Bandini ◽  
Helen Casale ◽  
Egidia Fanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Body Uneasiness

scholarly journals Self-Esteem and Distortion of Body Image in Subjects with Gender Dysphoria: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M. Santilli ◽  
◽  
V. Verrastro ◽  
R. Valenzano ◽  
A. Palombi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Body Uneasiness

Objective: The aim of our study is to see if after surgical intervention there is an increase in self-esteem and decrease in body uneasiness in subjects with Gender Dysphoria. Also we have to compare the results between male-to-female transexual and female-to-male transexual, between young and old subjects and correlation between self-esteem, body uneasiness and personality and psychopathology. Design and Method: We recruited 30 subjects with GD (MtF-TR and FtM-TR) before and after surgical intervention and we have them administered three tests : BUT, Body Uneasiness Test (Cuzzolaro et al., 2000) for the measurement of distortion of body image; BASIC SE, Basic Self-Esteem Scale, (Forsman et al., 2003 ) for the measurement of self-esteem and MMPI-2 for the personality and psychopathology. Results: Our hypothesis was confirmed. The results before and after surgical intervention indicated that also the distortion of the body image were inversely proportional to levels of self-esteem and that there was a difference in levels of selfesteem between MtF-TR and FtM-TR and between young and old subjects. Conclusions: The results appear to suggest that the Self-Esteem Training could be successful in improving body image and in increasing body satisfaction in GD subjects. It might be interesting to see if, after the operation, the level of self-esteem and the perception of body image would change.

scholarly journals Gender dysphoria in adolescents: can adolescents or parents give valid consent to puberty blockers?

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106999
Author(s):  
Simona Giordano ◽  
Fae Garland ◽  
Soren Holm
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Valid Consent ◽  
Diverse Youth

This article considers the claim that gender diverse minors and their families should not be able to consent to hormonal treatment for gender dysphoria. The claim refers particularly to hormonal treatment with so-called ‘blockers’, analogues that suspend temporarily pubertal development. We discuss particularly four reasons why consent may be deemed invalid in these cases: (1) the decision is too complex; (2) the decision-makers are too emotionally involved; (3) the decision-makers are on a ‘conveyor belt’; (4) the possibility of detransitioning. We examine each of these reasons and we show that none of these stand up to scrutiny, and that some are based on a misunderstanding of the nature and purposes of this stage of treatment and of the circumstances in which it is usually prescribed. Moreover, accepting these claims at face value could have serious negative implications, not just for gender diverse youth, but for many other minors and families and in a much broader range of healthcare settings.

Chronic physical stress differences between genders in a military training on the Amazon jungle

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Y.R. de Souza ◽  
F.B. Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to investigate the gender difference in the manifestation of physical stress in a strenuous military training on Amazon jungle, using alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) markers, measured before and after an adaptation to jungle training. The sample consisted of 49 military volunteers, 35 male and 14 female, recently moved to the Amazon region. All plasma levels rose after the training. Serum ALT (male and female) and AST (male and female), although borderline, remained within normal limits. Already plasma levels of CK (both male and female) and LDH (male and female) largely exceeded the normal range. The average of all markers listed in female gender remained below the levels of the male gender. However, significant differences in biomarkers ALT, AST and CK between genders were found. The study points out that, in a jungle environment, biometric markers ALT, AST, CK and LDH are efficient for monitoring chronic physical stress in both genders, when used in combination. The influence of the weather on the occurrence of physical stress in unacclimated people of both genders, and the lower responses in the levels of ALT, AST, LDH and CK in females were discussed basing on the scientific literature.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENERAPAN METODE INTERVENSI SEMANTIK DIVERGEN TERHADAP AFASIA TRANSKORTIKAL MOTORIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Santi Komaladini ◽  
Popon Popon
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Intervention Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Experiment

This study aims to determine the application of the divergent semantic intervention method in motor transcortical aphasia clients after stroke, male gender aged 44 years at the Cibabat Regional General Hospital. The research method used is a case study research experiment which aims to determine the condition of the subject before and after intervention through therapy. Data collection was carried out through the WOTS stage, namely (1) interviews with the client's parents, (2) direct observation of the client, (3) conducting tests on the client, and (4) studying the patient's medical record document. The results of the research after doing therapy using the divergent semantic intervention method for 15 meetings obtained good results by assessing the level of words on nouns. The conclusion is that the divergent semantic intervention method has an effect on mentioning the level of objects

scholarly journals The effect of progesterone on the anesthetic and analgesic requirements for ovariohysterectomy in the dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
CH. KOSTAKIS ◽  
T. ANAGNOSTOU ◽  
I. SAVVAS ◽  
CH. VERVERIDIS ◽  
A. KOURELIS
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Surgery Group ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fentanyl Administration

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of serum progesterone concentration, either endogenous, during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy, or exogenous, when administered during anestrus, and of its active metabolite allopregnanolone, on anesthetic and analgesic requirements, as well as post-operative pain intensity, for the performance of ovariohysterectomy in dogs. One hundred and fifty healthy female dogs, which were admitted to our clinic for elective ovariohysterectomy, were included in the present study. They were allocated to 6 groups according to the stage of the ovarian cycle and the corresponding serum progesterone co ncentration. The six groups consisted of dogs in anestrus (group A), in anestrus which received intramuscular progesterone injections prior to surgery (group Ap), dogs in diestrus (group D), in diestrus which received subcutaneous aglepristone injections prior to surgery (group Da), in diestrus which received oral trilostane prior to surgery (group Dt) and dogs in pregnancy of duration of 28-42 days (group P). Serum progesterone concentrations were measured in all dogs before and after any hormonal treatment and serum allopregnanolone concentrations were measured in selected dogs from all groups. The required dose of propofol for induction of anesthesia and the required isoflurane concentration for maintenance of anesthesia and the need for intraoperative fentanyl administration and extra postoperative pethidine analgesia were recorded. After statistical analysis, there were no significant differences between groups, regarding their anesthetic or analgesic requirements, that could be attributed to serum progesterone and/or allopregnanolone concentration. However, moderate correlations within certain groups were noted. Serum progesterone or allopregnanolone concentrations do not seem to have an effect on anesthetic and analgesic requirements for ovariohysterectomy in the dog or any potential effect is weak enough to be masked by the action of anesthetic premedication and/or analgesic and/or anaesthetic drugs used.

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