Chronic physical stress differences between genders in a military training on the Amazon jungle

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Y.R. de Souza ◽  
F.B. Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to investigate the gender difference in the manifestation of physical stress in a strenuous military training on Amazon jungle, using alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) markers, measured before and after an adaptation to jungle training. The sample consisted of 49 military volunteers, 35 male and 14 female, recently moved to the Amazon region. All plasma levels rose after the training. Serum ALT (male and female) and AST (male and female), although borderline, remained within normal limits. Already plasma levels of CK (both male and female) and LDH (male and female) largely exceeded the normal range. The average of all markers listed in female gender remained below the levels of the male gender. However, significant differences in biomarkers ALT, AST and CK between genders were found. The study points out that, in a jungle environment, biometric markers ALT, AST, CK and LDH are efficient for monitoring chronic physical stress in both genders, when used in combination. The influence of the weather on the occurrence of physical stress in unacclimated people of both genders, and the lower responses in the levels of ALT, AST, LDH and CK in females were discussed basing on the scientific literature.

CORTICOSTEROIDS IN HUMAN BLOOD

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Kornel
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT As an extension of our study on corticosteroid metabolism in essential hypertension, plasma levels of »free«, »polar free«, glucuronide and sulfate conjugated 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS), as well as »total conjugated« 17-OHCS, have been determined in 13 patients with Cushing's syndrome and 56 healthy people, before and after administration of corticotrophin (ACTH). Levels of these steroid fractions were also compared in normal subjects during rest and after intensive work. Furthermore, kinetics of the formation and disposal of each of these steroid fractions were investigated in vivo in 3 normal subjects and 3 patients with Cushing's syndrome, by means of radioisotopic tracer techniques. The results obtained indicated the following: (1) although mean levels of each of the estimated 17-OHCS fractions, both before and after ACTH, were in Cushing's syndrome statistically significantly higher than in normal subjects (exception: 17-OHCS-sulfates after ACTH), many individual values for steroid concentrations in Cushing patients were well below the upper limit of the normal range; (2) levels of conjugated and »polar free« 17-OHCS in these patients were much more often increased above the normal range than those of »free« steroids usually measured; moreover, levels of these steroids in the control specimens constituted a much better index of adrenocortical hyperactivity than those after ACTH administration; (3) arithmetical formulae were construed, taking into account both an absolute increase in steroid levels and a relative increase in levels of conjugated and »polar free« steroids above those of »free« 17-OHCS, which permitted a clear-cut separation of all patients with Cushing's syndrome from normal subjects; (4) in the sulfate conjugated 17-OHCS fraction in Cushing patients, the increase in levels of more polar steroids (extractable with ethyl acetate following solvolysis and removal of less polar steroids with dichloromethane) was statistically significantly greater than that of less polar steroids (extractable with dichloromethane), thus, patients with Cushing's syndrome resembled from this angle patients with essential hypertension; (5) when steroid levels in normal subjects were compared during rest and during intensive work, a proportional increase in all steroid fractions during work was noted; this points to a perfect homeostatic mechanism involving enzyme systems metabolizing cortisol under »normal« stressful conditions; (6) however, after ACTH administration, the increase in the levels of conjugated steroids in normal subjects considerably exceeded that of »free« 17-OHCS; in contrast, in Cushing patients the increase in the conjugated 17-OHCS after ACTH administration was relatively smaller than that of »free« 17-OHCS; this, it is believed, indicates that the level of activity of enzymes metabolizing cortisol is in patients with Cushing's syndrome closer to the upper limit of these enzymes' capacity than in normal subjects, possibly due to a chronic saturation with higher steroid concentrations; (7) the results of the radioisotopic tracer study of the kinetics of formation and disposal of various free and conjugated plasma corticosteroid fractions demonstrated that, under basal conditions: (a) biological halflife of cortisol in Cushing patients is shorter than in normal subjects, (b) rates of formation of conjugated and polar free metabolites are much faster in Cushing patients than in normal subjects; this indicates that patients with Cushing's syndrome develop adaptive mechanisms to metabolize chronically increased loads of cortisol, and explains why plasma levels of »polar free« and conjugated 17-OHCS are a better index of adrenocortical hyperactivity than those of the »free« steroids, usually measured.

scholarly journals Eksperymenty nad tożsamością płciową mężczyzn w twórczości Marka Hłaski

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Mosak
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Natural Way

The present article aims to analyse the depictions of male protagonists in the oeuvre of Marek Hłasko. The post-World War Two crisis of hegemonic masculinity resulted in transformations of male and female gender identities in the 1950s. What seems to reflect the said reconfiguration of masculinity model are the changes occurring between the main protagonists of the particular pieces of Hłasko’s prose. In the 1954 short story entitled Baza Sokołowska, the men’s identities are, in the natural way, embedded in biology. In order to join the male community of drivers and gain their respect, it is enough to go through an initiation ritual. In the prose written by Hłasko after 1955, however, more and more often appear the male characters who humiliate the young and thwart them on their way to join masculine community, yet simultaneously some characters are presented who contest forms of patriarchal culture and refuse to participate in it. Hłasko’s Israeli novels, in turn, feature a series of male protagonists for whom gender (or even sexual) identity is merely a social construct. The narrator/protagonist of Drugie zabicie psa (Killing the Second Dog) would even consciously “perform” his masculinity to obtain an affluent female tourist’s trust and, as a result, to cozen her out of her money, which he needs to pay back his debts.The analysis of Marek Hłasko’s selected prose writings focused on the representation of various masculinity models leads the author of the article to a conclusion that male gender identity is consistently shifting towards constructivist concepts.

scholarly journals El género como variable de estudio en las características del juego en voleibol en categoría infantil (Gender as study variable in the game characteristics in volleyball Under-14 category)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
Carmen Fernández Echeverría ◽  
Fernando Claver Rabaz ◽  
Jara González-Silva ◽  
Luis García González ◽  
M. Perla Moreno Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Study Variable ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Performance

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar las características y rendimiento en la acción del saque en voleibol, en categoría infantil, en función del género. Se empleó una muestra de 2233 saques, correspondientes a la observación de los 32 equipos participantes en el Campeonato España de Selecciones autonómicas en categoría infantil, femenina y masculina. Las variables de estudio fueron: género del equipo, zona de origen de saque, tipo de saque, técnica de golpeo, eficacia del saque, zona a la que se dirige el saque y jugador al que se dirige el saque. Los resultados determinaron una asociación significativa entre las variables origen de saque, tipo de saque, técnica de golpeo y eficacia de saque, con el género de los equipos. Concretamente, contribuyeron positivamente a esta asociación el origen de saque desde zona 1, el saque en salto, el saque flotante y el saque que permite ataque en el género masculino; y el saque desde zona 6, el saque en apoyo, el saque potente, el error de saque, el saque que no permite ataque y el saque punto en el género femenino. Por ello, concluimos que desde etapas de formación encontramos diferencias en las características del saque y su eficacia en función del género, por lo que debemos tener en cuenta dichos resultados en el proceso de entrenamiento de esta acción técnico-táctica.Palabras claves: Género, saque, etapas de formación, voleibol.Abstract: The main aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics and performance of the serve action, in volleyball Under-14 category, by gender. The sample was comprised of 2233 serves, corresponding to the observation of 32 teams participating in the Spanish Championship of Regional Selections, male and female Under-14 categories. The studied variables were: gender, serve zone, serve type, striking technique, serve effectiveness, reception zone and receiver player. The results showed a significant association between the serve zone, serve type, striking technique and serve effectiveness with gender. Specifically, correlated significantly and positively: the serve zone from zone 1, the jump serve, the float serve and serve permits attacking with the male gender; and the serve zone from zone 6, the standing serve, the power serve, serve error, the serve that does not permit attacking and the point serve in the female gender. Therefore, we conclude that, in formative stages we find differences in the characteristics and effectiveness of the serve by gender, we must take into account these results in the training process of this technical-tactical action.Keywords: gender, serve, formative stages, volleyball.

scholarly journals Reducing the Cost of Being the Boss: Authentic Leadership Suppresses the Effect of Role Stereotype Conflict on Antisocial Behaviors in Leaders and Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Monzani ◽  
Guillermo Mateu ◽  
Alina S. Hernandez Bark ◽  
José Martínez Villavicencio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Role Stereotype ◽  
Male Gender Role ◽  
Economic Behaviors

What drives entrepreneurs to engage in antisocial economic behaviors? Without dismissing entrepreneurs’ agency in their decision-making processes, our study aims to answer this question by proposing that antisocial economic behaviors are a dysfunctional coping mechanism to reduce the psychological tension that entrepreneurs face in their day-to-day activities. Further, given the overlap between the male gender role stereotype and both leader and entrepreneur role stereotypes, this psychological tension should be stronger in female entrepreneurs (or any person who identifies with the female gender role). We argue that besides the well-established female gender role – leader role incongruence, female entrepreneurs also suffer a female gender role – entrepreneur role incongruence. Thus, we predicted that men (or those identifying with the male gender role) or entrepreneurs (regardless of their gender identity) that embrace these roles stereotypes to an extreme, are more likely to engage in antisocial economic behaviors. In this context, the term antisocial economic behaviors refers to cheating or trying to harm competitors’ businesses. Finally, we predicted that embracing an authentic leadership style might mitigate this effect. We tested our predictions in two laboratory studies (Phase 1 and 2). For Phase 1 we recruited a sample of French Business school students (N = 82). For Phase 2 we recruited a sample of Costa Rican male and female entrepreneurs, using male and female managers as reference groups (N = 64). Our results show that authentic leadership reduced the likelihood of entrepreneurs and men of engaging in antisocial economic behaviors such as trying to harm one’s competition or seeking an unfair advantage.

scholarly journals Deskripsi Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taqwa ◽  
Ahmad Budi Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Analysis Techniques

This research is qualitative research with the aim of (1) to find out the description of mathematical communication skills of male and female students in solving mathematical problem-solving questions, (2) to find out different information about mathematical communication descriptions in solving problem-solving problems in terms of gender. The subjects of this study were two class VII students of SMP Negeri 2 Labakkang, namely one male and one female student who had the highest problem-solving test scores. The procedure of data collection is done by observation, tests of problem-solving and interviews. The research instrument was used in the form of observation sheets, tests of problem solving, interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques are carried out by testing credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. The results showed that the mathematical communication skills of male gender subjects were lower than those of female gender subjects. The location of differences in mathematical communication skills between male and female gender is that the indicators write answers according to the purpose of the problem and make conclusions in writing using their own language.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGE PERCEPTIONS ABOUT STEREOTYPICAL AND IDEAL GENDER QUALITIES IN MODERN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Galaktionov I.V.
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
The Individual

This article examines the problem of gender socialization and identity in modern Russian society, on the basis of an analysis of ideas about the typical and ideal gender characteristics of the personality is compared to three age groups (up to 20 years - generation q, 20-40 years - Generation Y and 40-60 years - generation X) and concludes on the main trends in the development of gender characteristics of the individual in groups of different gender and age. The study obtained new empirical data on age and sexual differences in perceptions of typical and ideal qualities of gender, in particular, found that the age of women significantly influences their ideas about the male and female gender ideal, the age of men significantly influences their perception of the male gender ideal, members of different generations of the south significantly differ in ideas about the female gender ideal, the representatives of different generations Y significantly differ in ideas about the female gender ideal , the biological sex in the age group X influences the idea of male gender ideal. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences between gender and age in the perception of typical male and female qualities. The results can be an important material for a differentiated approach to family counselling and assistance in building harmonious inter-sex relationships.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

scholarly journals Spinal Muscular Atrophy after Nusinersen Therapy: Improved Physiology in Pediatric Patients with No Significant Change in Urine, Serum, and Liquor 1H-NMR Metabolomes in Comparison to an Age-Matched, Healthy Cohort

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Leon Deutsch ◽  
Damjan Osredkar ◽  
Janez Plavec ◽  
Blaž Stres
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Urine Serum

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases and was until recently the most common genetic cause of death in children. The effects of 2-month nusinersen therapy on urine, serum, and liquor 1H-NMR metabolomes in SMA males and females were not explored yet, especially not in comparison to the urine 1H-NMR metabolomes of matching male and female cohorts. In this prospective, single-centered study, urine, serum, and liquor samples were collected from 25 male and female pediatric patients with SMA before and after 2 months of nusinersen therapy and urine samples from a matching healthy cohort (n = 125). Nusinersen intrathecal application was the first therapy for the treatment of SMA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Metabolomes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics utilizing 600 MHz 1H-NMR, parametric and nonparametric multivariate statistical analyses, machine learning, and modeling. Medical assessment before and after nusinersen therapy showed significant improvements of movement, posture, and strength according to various medical tests. No significant differences were found in metabolomes before and after nusinersen therapy in urine, serum, and liquor samples using an ensemble of statistical and machine learning approaches. In comparison to a healthy cohort, 1H-NMR metabolomes of SMA patients contained a reduced number and concentration of urine metabolites and differed significantly between males and females as well. Significantly larger data scatter was observed for SMA patients in comparison to matched healthy controls. Machine learning confirmed urinary creatinine as the most significant, distinguishing SMA patients from the healthy cohort. The positive effects of nusinersen therapy clearly preceded or took place devoid of significant rearrangements in the 1H-NMR metabolomic makeup of serum, urine, and liquor. Urine creatinine was successful at distinguishing SMA patients from the matched healthy cohort, which is a simple systemic novelty linking creatinine and SMA to the physiology of inactivity and diabetes, and it facilitates the monitoring of SMA disease in pediatric patients through non-invasive urine collection.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Implementation of the “Build-Back-Better” Concept for Critical Infrastructure Systems: Lessons from Saint-Martin’s Island Following Hurricane Irma

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Rita Der Sarkissian ◽  
Anas Dabaj ◽  
Youssef Diab ◽  
Marc Vuillet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Offer ◽  
Hurricane Irma ◽  
Operational Aspects

A limited number of studies in the scientific literature discuss the “Build-Back-Better” (BBB) critical infrastructure (CI) concept. Investigations of its operational aspects and its efficient implementation are even rarer. The term “Better” in BBB is often confusing to practitioners and leads to unclear and non-uniform objectives for guiding accurate decision-making. In an attempt to fill these gaps, this study offers a conceptual analysis of BBB’s operational aspects by examining the term “Better”. In its methodological approach, this study evaluates the state of Saint-Martin’s CI before and after Hurricane Irma and, accordingly, reveals the indicators to assess during reconstruction projects. The proposed methods offer practitioners a guidance tool for planning efficient BBB CI projects or for evaluating ongoing programs through the established BBB evaluation grid. Key findings of the study offer insights and a new conceptual equation of the BBB CI by revealing the holistic and interdisciplinary connotations behind the term “Better” CI: “Build-Back-resilient”, “Build-Back-sustainable”, and “Build-Back-accessible to all and upgraded CI”. The proposed explanations can facilitate the efficient application of BBB for CI by operators, stakeholders, and practitioners and can help them to contextualize the term “Better” with respect to their area and its CI systems.

Identification of N-Monoacetylcystine in Uraemic Plasma

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gejyo ◽  
G. Ito ◽  
Y. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Homocysteic Acid ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids

1. An unidentified ninhydrin-positive substance of an acidic nature was detected in the plasma of uraemic patients. This substance was isolated from haemodialysate by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and identified as a sulphur-containing amino acid: N-monoacetylcystine. 2. The quantitative determination of sulphur amino acids in plasma revealed that the plasma levels of cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, taurine, cystine and cystathionine as well as N-monoacetylcystine in uraemic patients were markedly higher than in normal subjects (P < 0.001 for each). However, the plasma levels of methionine in uraemic patients were within normal limits.

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