scholarly journals Center-Based Child Care and Differential Improvements in the Child Development Outcomes of Disadvantaged Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Anne Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Research finds center-based child care typically benefits children of low socio-economic status (SES) but few studies have examined if it also reduces inequalities in developmental disadvantage. Objective I test if the length of time in center-based care between ages one and three years associates with child development scores at age three years, focusing on the impact for groups of children in the lower tercile of child development scores and in the lower SES tercile. Method Using data from 1,606 children collected in a nationally representative Chilean survey, I apply a value-added approach to measure gains in child development scores between age one and three years that are associated with length of time in center-based child care. Results Disadvantages at age one year were associated with lower child development scores at age three years. No benefits of additional time in center-based care were found for the non-disadvantaged group, but positive associations were found between more time in center-based care and child development outcomes for children with the SES disadvantage only. Center-based care was not associated with child development trajectories of children with lower child development scores at age one year, no matter their SES status. Conclusions There is evidence that Chilean center-based child care reduces SES inequality in child development scores between ages one and three years, but only if children already were not low-scorers at age one year.

scholarly journals Impact of Implementation of Goods and Service Tax on Indian Banking Sector

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Revathi R. ◽  
Madhushree ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The banking sector is one of the biggest and revenue generating sector in our economy. Indiais a country with impressively splendid banks with sufficient capital and well-regulated rulesand regulations. One of the biggest transformations that the sector faced during this period isGST i.e., Goods and Service Tax, a new tax regime introduced in the midnight of 1 July2017. Now the new tax regime has become one year old and there are so many changeswhich happened in the banking sector during this one-year periods. Introduction of GST tothe banking sector was one the highly risky and challenging role for the government. GST isa replacement to the Value Added Tax (VAT) which was implied on goods and services. Themain purpose of studying the impact of implementation of GST is to avoid double taxationon goods and services. It is a self-regulated tax system with a simplifies tax regime whichreduces the multiplicity of tax. The purpose of this study is to know the challenges faced bythe Banking sector and its effects on the customers after the implementation of the GST.New tax regime made an incredible step by the abolish of centralized registration of thebanks. Now all the bank branches have to register under GST in each state for the smoothfunctioning. The tax rate has created an impression in the banking sector that the sector iscontributing much toward the economic growth of the country. Tax slabs is anotherimportant and critical thing discussed in this paper which has substantially increasedcompared to the old tax regime. Data for the study have been collected from secondary datasources such as journals, internet, and news articles. Using the ABCD qualitative analysistechnique, advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages for both banks and thecustomers for payment of GST are identified.

The Role of Internet Utilization Among SMEs on Household Welfare in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Ariska N. Rini ◽  
Lienggar Rahadiantino
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The Internet has a significant influence on poverty alleviation and economic growth. Internet involvement in small-medium enterprises (SMEs) has the opportunity to create a better level of welfare. Using data from the fifth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), this study aims to analyze the impact of internet utilization on household welfare among two groups, household enterprises with internet use for business and without internet use for business. The results of the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method mention that household enterprises with internet for business purposes have higher household per capita expenditure, food consumption, and non-food expenditure than household enterprises without internet use. Another interesting result finds that household enterprises are likely to use the internet only if household heads at a young age and business establish less than one year.

scholarly journals An assessment of third-party reporting of close ties to measure sensitive behaviors: the Confidante Method to measure abortion incidence in Ethiopia and Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Giorgio ◽  
Elizabeth Sully ◽  
Doris Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Indirect Estimation ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Implementation Problems ◽  
Abortion Incidence

Indirect estimation techniques are an important tool for measuring sensitive and stigmatized behaviors. This includes third-party reporting methods, which have become increasingly common in the field of abortion measurement, where direct survey approaches notoriously lead to underreporting. This paper provides the first in-depth assessment of one of the most widely used of these techniques in the field of abortion measurement: the Confidante Method. We outline six key assumptions behind the Confidante Method and describe how violations of these assumptions can bias resulting estimates. Using data from modules added to the nationally representative Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) surveys in Uganda and Ethiopia in 2018, we compute one-year abortion incidence estimates using the Confidante Method. We also perform a validation check, using the method to estimate IUD and implant use. While our results reveal that the method performed differently in each country, there were implementation problems in both settings. Several of the method’s foundational assumptions were violated, and efforts to adjust for these violations either failed or only partially addressed the resulting bias. Our validation check also failed, resulting in a gross over-estimate of IUD and implant use. We identify substantial biases in both the numerator and denominator of our abortion estimates and challenge the continued use of this method to estimate abortion incidence. These results have implications more broadly for the potential biases that can be introduced in using third-party reporting of close ties to measure other sensitive or stigmatized behaviors.

scholarly journals Individual vs. Team Sports—What’s the Better Strategy for Meeting PA Guidelines in Children?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12074
Author(s):  
Michal Kudlacek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
International Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sports Activities

There is insufficient evidence from previous studies dealing with structure of sport preferences referring to the interconnection between individual factors (socio-economic status, organized/structured physical activity (PA), location, etc.), although these factors can considerably influence total level of PA as well as the structure of sport preferences. The study investigated associations between PA frequency and specific sports activities according to the intensity with the impact on leisure, sport, and education domain, using data from an international health behavior in school-aged children survey. Participants were fifth and ninth grade students in the Czech Republic (seven schools) and Slovakia (nine schools). The results showed a significant association between intensity in team sports and PA frequency per week. Those who participated in high-intensity team sports were 2.5 times more likely to be more physically active.

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Demografi Dan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Depresi Pascasalin

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurfatimah Nurfatimah ◽  
Cristina Entoh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Postnatal depression is a mental disorder after the birth of her child and can last up to one year. Maternal postnatal mood disorder not an easy matter. The impact can be devastating life of the mother and her child. Currently there are many women who experienced postnatal depression but has not been detected. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between demographic factors and social support in postnatal depression in The Working Area Of Puskesmas Kayamanya.The design of this research is cross sectional. Research subjects were followed for 56 respondents ranging from childbirth to 7 days postnatal. The samples was chosen by using consequtive sampling. The instruments used in this research are the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and standard social support questionnaire. The results reveal that the age is not significantly associated with depression postnatal (p = 0.514) and education (p = 0.154); but it is significantly parity (p = 0.012); economic status (p = 0.030), social support include the family (p = 0.035); friends (p = 0.017); and midwives (p = 0.005). The multivariate analysis reveals that midwifes support (wald=4,236; p= 0,04) is the dominant factor causing postnatal depression.

Donor Fragmentation, Aid Shocks, and Violent Political Conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynee Gutting ◽  
Martin C. Steinwand
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Event History ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Recent debates have focused on the negative role of the proliferation of foreign aid facilities and donor fragmentation for development outcomes and recipient country institutions. This article investigates an overlooked positive side effect of donor proliferation. With an increasing number of donors, exposure to negative aid shocks decreases, as well as the impact of such shocks on violent political conflict. Using data on 106 recipient countries for the years 1970 to 2008 and employing event history and mediation analysis, we find strong evidence that fragmentation significantly reduces the risk for political destabilization associated with aid shocks.

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