scholarly journals Individual vs. Team Sports—What’s the Better Strategy for Meeting PA Guidelines in Children?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12074
Author(s):  
Michal Kudlacek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
International Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sports Activities

There is insufficient evidence from previous studies dealing with structure of sport preferences referring to the interconnection between individual factors (socio-economic status, organized/structured physical activity (PA), location, etc.), although these factors can considerably influence total level of PA as well as the structure of sport preferences. The study investigated associations between PA frequency and specific sports activities according to the intensity with the impact on leisure, sport, and education domain, using data from an international health behavior in school-aged children survey. Participants were fifth and ninth grade students in the Czech Republic (seven schools) and Slovakia (nine schools). The results showed a significant association between intensity in team sports and PA frequency per week. Those who participated in high-intensity team sports were 2.5 times more likely to be more physically active.

scholarly journals Impact of sports activities on respiratory function and mechanics in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Renata Maba Gonçalves ◽  
Letícia Goulart Ferreira ◽  
Maíra Seabra de Assumpção ◽  
Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sports Activities

Abstract Introduction: Being physically active in childhood may improve the quality of life in adulthood. So, it is extremely important to evaluate the respiratory function and mechanics of children who participate in sports activities, in order to determine the impact of physical activity on airway resistance. Objective: To analyze measures of respiratory function and mechanics in children who participate (PG) and who do not participate (CG) in sports activities regularly, as well as to compare and correlate the results. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study of healthy school-aged children aged 6 to 12 years, assessed by impulse oscillometry tests (IOS) and spirometry. The sample was divided into PG and CG. The Student’s t-Test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups according to normality of data tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The correlation between the tests and age, sex, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) was performed using Pearson’s and Spearman correlation coefficient. Statistical data were processed by the SPSS® software, considering significance level at p < 0.05. Results: Forty children participated in the study, 20 in each group, with no differences regarding age, sex, weight, height and BMI. There were significant differences in FEF25-75% (CG: 94.19% ± 13.08 x PG: 101.75% ± 17.44, p = 0.049), and oscillometry data did not differ between both groups. Sex correlated with total airway resistance (R5 - p = 0.049, r = 0.314). Conclusion: In the group with children who participated in sports activities, FEF25-75% was higher, compared to the control group.

scholarly journals 12-Year Trends in Active School Transport across Four European Countries—Findings from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Ellen Haug ◽  
Otto Robert Frans Smith ◽  
Jens Bucksch ◽  
Catherina Brindley ◽  
Jan Pavelka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Family Affluence ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Hbsc Study ◽  
Using Data

Active school transport (AST) is a source of daily physical activity uptake. However, AST seems to have decreased worldwide over recent decades. We aimed to examine recent trends in AST and associations with gender, age, family affluence, and time to school, using data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study collected in 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 in the Czech Republic, Norway, Scotland, and Wales. Data from 88,212 students (11, 13 and 15 years old) revealed stable patterns of AST from 2006 to 2018, apart from a decrease in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2010. For survey waves combined, walking to and from school was most common in the Czech Republic (55%) and least common in Wales (30%). Cycling was only common in Norway (22%). AST differed by gender (Scotland and Wales), by age (Norway), and by family affluence (everywhere but Norway). In the Czech Republic, family affluence was associated with change over time in AST, and the effect of travel time on AST was stronger. The findings indicate that the decrease in AST could be levelling off in the countries considered here. Differential associations with sociodemographic factors and travel time should be considered in the development of strategies for AST.

scholarly journals Center-Based Child Care and Differential Improvements in the Child Development Outcomes of Disadvantaged Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Anne Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Research finds center-based child care typically benefits children of low socio-economic status (SES) but few studies have examined if it also reduces inequalities in developmental disadvantage. Objective I test if the length of time in center-based care between ages one and three years associates with child development scores at age three years, focusing on the impact for groups of children in the lower tercile of child development scores and in the lower SES tercile. Method Using data from 1,606 children collected in a nationally representative Chilean survey, I apply a value-added approach to measure gains in child development scores between age one and three years that are associated with length of time in center-based child care. Results Disadvantages at age one year were associated with lower child development scores at age three years. No benefits of additional time in center-based care were found for the non-disadvantaged group, but positive associations were found between more time in center-based care and child development outcomes for children with the SES disadvantage only. Center-based care was not associated with child development trajectories of children with lower child development scores at age one year, no matter their SES status. Conclusions There is evidence that Chilean center-based child care reduces SES inequality in child development scores between ages one and three years, but only if children already were not low-scorers at age one year.

scholarly journals Sea water desalination and removal of iodine: effect on thyroid function

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-475
Author(s):  
Gideon Koren ◽  
Yona Amitai ◽  
Meital Shlezinger ◽  
Rachel Katz ◽  
Varda Shalev
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Israel, about 55% of drinking water is derived from desalination (DSW) which removes all iodine. A recent study from Israel demonstrated high rates of iodine deficiency among school-aged children and pregnant women. There are concerns that low iodine may lead to impaired thyroid function. However, to date, the impact of consuming DSW on body iodine status has not been studied. The objective was to assess whether the increased use of DSW is associated with increased rates of hypothyroidism. Using data from a large health fund in Israel, we compared proportions of patients with higher than normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and lower than normal T3 and T4 levels before and after a massive desalination project became operational in August 2013 in areas with high vs. low use of DSW. Over 400,000 cases were compared in 2010–2013 vs. 2014–2016. Overall, there was no increase in the proportion of individuals with higher than normal TSH levels, or lower than normal T3 and T4 levels. In conclusion, in this population-based study, following the introduction of DSW, there was no evidence of increased incidence of low thyroid function tests, and the trends were similar in both areas highly consuming, or not consuming, DSW.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Policies on Self-Reliance Incentives for Roma in Central and Eastern Europe

Ekonomika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Milcher ◽  
Katarína Zigová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we review the social systems in five European countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania. We focus here on regulations towards households with insufficient income. Based on this, we analyse the impact of social transfers on self-reliance incentives of the Roma minority in particular, using data from the UNDP/ILO survey conducted in 2001 in the five countries.

Does the Financial Self-sufficiency of Municipalities Affect Efficiency of the Museums which they Founded? (A Case Study from the Czech Republic)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Plaček ◽  
František Ochrana ◽  
Milan Půček ◽  
Milan Křápek ◽  
David Špaček
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes and discusses the impact of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of museums run by municipalities. It tests the hypothesis that municipalities with higher levels of income self-sufficiency can more efficiently manage museums than municipalities with lower levels of financial self-sufficiency. For our analysis, we used financial data for the years 2015 to analyze the efficiency of museums using data envelopment analysis (DEA). To test the hypothesis about the impact of financial self-sufficiency, we use regression analysis. The results obtained did not confirmed the hypothesis.

scholarly journals Disentangling Race, Poverty, and Place in Disparities in Physical Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armani Hawes ◽  
Genee Smith ◽  
Emma McGinty ◽  
Caryn Bell ◽  
Kelly Bower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Significant racial disparities in physical activity—a key protective health factor against obesity and cardiovascular disease—exist in the United States. Using data from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2000 United States (US) Census, we estimated the impact of race, individual-level poverty, neighborhood-level poverty, and neighborhood racial composition on the odds of being physically active for 19,678 adults. Compared to whites, blacks had lower odds of being physically active. Individual poverty and neighborhood poverty were associated with decreased odds of being physically active among both whites and blacks. These findings underscore the importance of social context in understanding racial disparities in physical activity and suggest the need for future research to determine specific elements of the social context that drive disparities.

scholarly journals Acceptance of Digital Sports: A Study Showing the Rising Acceptance of Digital Health Activities Due to the SARS-CoV-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ruth ◽  
Steffen Willwacher ◽  
Oliver Korn
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Digital Sports ◽  
Sports Activities

In pandemic times, the possibilities for conventional sports activities are severely limited; many sports facilities are closed or can only be used with restrictions. To counteract this lack of health activities and social exchange, people are increasingly adopting new digital sports solutions—a behavior change that had already started with the trend towards fitness apps and activity trackers. Existing research suggests that digital solutions increase the motivation to move and stay active. This work further investigates the potentials of digital sports incorporating the dimensions gender and preference for team sports versus individual sports. The study focuses on potential users, who were mostly younger professionals and academics. The results show that the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on sports activity, particularly on persons preferring team sports. To compensate, most participants use more digital sports than before, and there is a positive correlation between the time spent physically active during the pandemic and the increase in motivation through digital sports. Nevertheless, there is still considerable skepticism regarding the potential of digital sports solutions to increase the motivation to do sports, increase performance, or raise a sense of team spirit when done in groups.

The Association of Family, Friends, and Teacher Support With Girls’ Sport and Physical Activity on the Island of Ireland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wesley O’Brien ◽  
Tara Coppinger ◽  
Irene Hogan ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
Marie H. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current study was the largest physical activity (PA) surveillance assessment of youth undertaken in Ireland in recent years. The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of social support, while controlling for age and screen time, on PA and sport participation, across a representative sample of Irish female youth. Methods: A total of 3503 children (mean age: 13.54 [2.05] y) across the island of Ireland participated. Participants completed a previously validated electronic questionnaire while supervised in a classroom setting, which investigated their (1) levels of PA; (2) screen time; (3) community sport participation; and (4) social support (friend, family, and teacher) to be physically active/partake in sport. Results: There were significant differences, with medium and large effect sizes, for social support from friends and family across types of sports participation. Specifically, girls who participated in the most popular team sports, when compared with the most popular individual sports, reported higher social support scores for friends and family structures. Conclusions: Findings from this study confirm the contributing influence of friends and family as sport and PA support networks for girls. Interventions should consider the importance of culturally relevant team sports for PA engagement in female youth.

scholarly journals The Impact of Changes in Accounting Regulations on Agricultural Entities and Their Business Accounts Since 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Otavová ◽  
Jana Gláserová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Financial accounting in the European Union is harmonized through directives. In 2013 Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and the Council was issued. It aims to improve the performance of micro and small entities by reducing their administrative burden. The primary requirement of the Directive is to introduce entity size classification. The paper identifies the impact of the transposition of the Directive on the size distribution of agricultural enterprises in the V4 countries and some other countries of the European Union using data from the Amadeus database. In the Czech Republic obligations which are part of financial reporting are determined for agricultural enterprises and their impact on fundamental accounting principles is detected. The implementation of the Directive in the Czech Republic significantly influenced valuation, accounting for and specially reporting of inventories of a company’s own activity and capitalization, which are typical for agricultural enterprises. A comparison of the regulation effective until the end of 2015 with the new regulation showed the impact on the amount of profit and turnover, which are also quantified. The degree of harmonization with IAS/IFRS is also examined.

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