Associations Between Mode of Birth and Neuropsychological Development in Children Aged 4 Years: Results from a Birth Cohort Study

Abstract The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to examine the association between Cesarean section (CS) and child development and behavior. The sample consisted of 256 children who were born at term without serious perinatal pathologies. Their development and behavior was assessed at the age of four using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), Children’s Behavior Questionnaire and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between CS and child outcomes. CS was associated with better scores in the Problem Solving domain of the ASQ in the whole sample. After stratifying by child sex, the positive association between CS and the Problem Solving domain was significant in boys, while no association was found in girls. Girls were rated less optimally in the Gross Motor domain of the ASQ when born via CS. Mode of birth was not associated with behavioral outcomes.

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Multicenter prospective longitudinal study in 34 patients with Dravet syndrome: Neuropsychological development in the first six years of life

Brain and Development ◽

10.1016/j.braindev.2020.10.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 419-430

Author(s):

Domenica Battaglia ◽

Daniela Chieffo ◽

Simona Lucibello ◽

Carla Marini ◽

Valentina Sibilia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Dravet Syndrome ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Neuropsychological Development ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: a prospective birth cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16984/v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Min Kyoung Kim ◽

Jae-Won Choi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Development ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Expressive Vocabulary ◽

Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Despite evidences of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the association between breastfeeding and long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing.Methods: The data of nationwide representative sample of 1,752 children born between 2008 and 2009 in Korea were prospectively assessed from the fetal period to examine the benefits of breastfeeding and cognitive development. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Korean version of Denver II were used to assess early development annually from 5.5 to 26.2 months of age. Language development at 3 years of age was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at 8 years of age was assessed using multifactorial intelligence test.Results: In the analysis of categorical variables, children who were breastfed for >1 and ≤3 months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed with Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 14.1 months than those breastfed for >3 and ≤6 months (OR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.50), but no significant differences in other rounds of assessments. In the analysis with continuous variables, there were significant differences among six groups of breastfeeding duration in communication (F=3.72; p<0.002) and problem solving (F=3.09; p<0.009) at 14.1 months, expressive language (F=3.74; p=0.002) at 3 years, and calculation (F=2.43; p<0.033) at 8 years. When analyzed by two groups, children breastfed for >3 months scored significantly higher on the communication (F = 17.71; p < 0.001) and problem-solving (F = 11.26; p < 0.001) subscales at 14.1 months, and expressive language (F=12.85; p<0.001) at 3 years, and vocabulary (F=6.78; p=0.009) and language inference (F=5.62; p=0.018) at 8 years, compared to children breastfed for 3 months or less. Conclusion: We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for >3 months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were reported as larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.

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4104 Development and validation of parental empathy analog tasks

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2020.380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (s1) ◽

pp. 127-128

Author(s):

Samantha Gonzalez ◽

Christina Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Convergent Validity ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Self Report ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Training Tool ◽

Trait Empathy ◽

Analog Tasks ◽

Parental Empathy ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Parents’ empathy toward their children affects their parenting, which can in turn impact child outcomes. Although parental empathy is theoretically distinct from trait empathy, current literature relies on largely self-report measures of parents’ trait empathy. Thus, the current study evaluated new analog assessments of parental empathy. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: One parental empathy analog measure (Empathy Measure for Parents Analog Task, Emotion Script; EMPAT-ES) was created based on parents’ responses to open ended prompts describing scenarios that elicit different emotions (e.g., happy, mad, sad, scared) in children. These responses were used to create short scripts. A second analog task (EMPAT, Emotion Audio) was created using 20 sec audio clips of children expressing the different emotions wherein participants respond with how they feel hearing the emotions and separately, how they believe the child feels. After an initial pilot, both versions of the EMPAT-E were administered to 120 families enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study. Parents completed self-report measures of trait empathy and parental empathy, as well as the EMPAT-ES and EMPAT-EA analog tasks. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Internal consistency of both the EMPAT-ES and EMPAT-EA tasks are expected to be robust, demonstrating the reliability of these novel assessments of parental empathy. Results are also expected to demonstrate the construct and convergent validity of both analog tasks. These new measures of parental empathy are expected to be significantly associated with measures of trait empathy. Specifically, parents’ responses indicating how they believe the child feels in the analog are expected to be strongly related to their reported emotion recognition abilities and responses indicating how analog items made parents feel are expected to be related to parents’ empathic concern. Finally, parents’ responses to the analog tasks are anticipated to be strongly associated with parents’ self-reported parental empathy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Valid, novel assessments of parental empathy can impact the parenting literature as well as community intervention and prevention efforts with parents. Such analog tasks can bolster parenting research but they may also be translated to the community setting as a training tool wherein parents are taught new skills that promote more positive parenting.

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Changes in Affect, Cognition, and Perceived Behavioral Changes Among Vicarious Victims of the Paris Terrorist Attacks of November 13, 2015

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550617732818 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 214-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maike Luhmann ◽

Wiebke Bleidorn

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Time Period ◽

Entire Society ◽

And Behaviors ◽

And Behavior ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Terrorist attacks are supposed to hit not only the direct victims but the entire society. In this prospective longitudinal study, we examined changes in mood, life satisfaction, and terror-related cognitions and perceived behavioral changes 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the terrorist attacks of November 13, 2015, in Paris in a sample of the so-called vicarious victims ( N = 201). Average mood levels dropped significantly after the attacks compared to preattack levels but recovered within 8 weeks. Average levels of life satisfaction did not change significantly across this time period. Level of preoccupation with the attacks, perceptions of the likelihood of future terrorist attacks, and perceived changes in terror-related cognitions and behaviors declined over the 8 weeks after the attacks. Together, these findings indicate that terrorist attacks may impact changes in affect, cognition, and behavior even among vicarious victims; however, these changes are only temporary.

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Polysomnography indexes are discordant with quality of life, symptoms, and reaction times in sleep apnea patients

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2004.11.001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 255-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Edward M. Weaver ◽

B. Tucker Woodson ◽

David L. Steward

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Positive Association ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Sham Treatment ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

OBJECTIVE: We tested whether polysomnography (PSG) indexes were associated with sleepiness, quality of life, or reaction times at baseline and as outcome measures following surgical or sham treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Mild-moderate OSAS subjects were measured before and 8 weeks after surgical or sham treatment in this prospective longitudinal study. Measures included standard PSG indexes, sleepiness, quality of life, and reaction times. Associations were examined with Spearman correlations and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Correlations between baseline PSG and non-PSG measures ranged from −0.22 to 0.25 (n, 87 subjects; mean correlation, 0.00 ± 0.11), with one positive association significant of 56 tested (arousal index and SF36 Mental Component Summary, r, 0.25; P = 0.03). Correlations between change in PSG and non-PSG measures ranged from −0.37 to 0.35 (n, 54 subjects; mean correlation, −0.05 ± 0.19), with no significant positive association of 56 tested. Regression analyses confirmed these results. CONCLUSIONS: PSG indexes are not consistently associated with sleepiness, quality of life, or reaction time, both at baseline and as outcome measures in patients with mild-moderate OSAS. PSG indexes may not quantify some important aspects of OSAS disease burden or treatment outcome. Clinically important outcomes should be measured directly. EBM rating: A.

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Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: a prospective birth cohort study

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-020-00326-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyoung Min Kim ◽

Jae-Won Choi

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Development ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Expressive Vocabulary ◽

Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Abstract Background Despite evidences of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the association between breastfeeding and long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing. Methods The data of nationwide representative sample of 1752 children born between 2008 and 2009 in Korea were prospectively assessed from the fetal period to examine the benefits of breastfeeding and cognitive development. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Korean version of Denver II were used to assess early development annually from 5.5 to 26.2 months of age. Language development at 3 years of age was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at 8 years of age was assessed using multifactorial intelligence test. Results In the analysis of categorical variables, children who were breastfed for > 1 and ≤ 3 months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed with Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 14.1 months than those breastfed for > 3 and ≤ 6 months (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.50), but no significant differences in other rounds of assessments. In the analysis with continuous variables, there were significant differences among six groups of breastfeeding duration in communication (F = 3.72; p < 0.002) and problem solving (F = 3.09; p < 0.009) at 14.1 months, expressive language (F = 3.74; p = 0.002) at 3 years, and calculation (F = 2.43; p < 0.033) at 8 years. When analyzed by two groups, children breastfed for > 3 months scored significantly higher on the communication (F = 17.71; p < 0.001) and problem-solving (F = 11.26; p < 0.001) subscales at 14.1 months, and expressive language (F = 12.85; p < 0.001) at 3 years, and vocabulary (F = 6.78; p = 0.009) and language inference (F = 5.62; p = 0.018) at 8 years, compared to children breastfed for 3 months or less. Conclusion We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for > 3 months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were reported as larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.

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1514Racial discrimination and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults: a five-wave longitudinal analyses

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Feijó ◽

Caroline Feitosa ◽

Leonardo Salvi ◽

Aline Gusmão ◽

Felipe Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Racial Discrimination ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Positive Association ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Perceived Racial Discrimination ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Racism is a major public health issue and may be associated with several mental health outcomes. However, more epidemiological analyses are necessary on the theme, particularly longitudinal studies. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between perceived racial discrimination and anxiety symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood in a Brazilian metropolitan area. Methods A five-wave prospective longitudinal study started in 2000. Individuals were aged from 10 to 21 years at baseline, with clustered random sampling. Questions about the experience of racial discrimination were asked. PHQ-9 evaluated anxiety symptoms. Repeated measures analysis with GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations) estimated adjusted relative risks. Results There were 979 adolescents at baseline, with 19.9% (n = 195) reporting perceived racial discrimination and 26.5% (n = 259) with anxiety symptoms. A positive association was found between the perception of racism and anxiety symptoms, after adjustment for sex and age. When adding socioeconomic status, work and adverse environmental conditions, in the final adjusted model, the association was not substantially affected (RR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.30-1.79). Conclusions The fight against racism and different types of discrimination and racial violence are urgent for public health. To assure high levels of ethical values and respect for fundamental human rights is still a challenge in the Brazilian society, still marked by the historical and shameful experience of slavery. Public policies, including health policies, in particular, must target the elimination racial discrimination as a central topic, reducing its consequences for mental health of black population. Key messages This study advances by adding a longitudinal analysis to a theme with a lack of epidemiological studies, especially longitudinal ones, contributing to the understanding of the association between racism in adolescence and mental health. The findings highlight the urgent need to fight racial discrimination as an ethical paradigm, reducing severe consequences of this type of violence on mental health.

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Disrupted caregiving behavior as a mediator of the relation between disrupted prenatal maternal representations and toddler social–emotional functioning

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579420001674 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Katherine L. Guyon-Harris ◽

Sarah M. Ahlfs-Dunn ◽

Sheri Madigan ◽

Elisa Bronfman ◽

Diane Benoit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Behavior ◽

Emotional Functioning ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Maternal Representations ◽

Social Emotional Functioning ◽

Association Data ◽

And Behavior ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract The development of maternal representations of the child during pregnancy guides a mother’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior toward her child. The association between prenatal representations, particularly those that are disrupted, and toddler social-emotional functioning is not well understood. The present study examined associations between disrupted prenatal representations and toddler social-emotional functioning and to test disrupted maternal behavior as a mediator of this association. Data were drawn from 109 women from a larger prospective longitudinal study (N=120) of women and their young children. Prenatal disrupted maternal representations were assessed using the Working Model of the Child Interview disrupted coding scheme, while disrupted maternal behavior was coded 12-months postpartum from mother-infant interactions. Mother-reported toddler social-emotional functioning was assessed at ages 12 and 24 months. Disrupted prenatal representations significantly predicted poorer toddler social-emotional functioning at 24 months, controlling for functioning at 12 months. Further, disrupted maternal behavior mediated the relation between disrupted prenatal representations and toddler social-emotional problems. Screening for disrupted representations during pregnancy is needed to facilitate referrals to early intervention and decrease the likelihood of toddler social-emotional problems.

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