scholarly journals Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: a prospective birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyoung Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Despite evidences of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the association between breastfeeding and long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing.Methods: The data of nationwide representative sample of 1,752 children born between 2008 and 2009 in Korea were prospectively assessed from the fetal period to examine the benefits of breastfeeding and cognitive development. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Korean version of Denver II were used to assess early development annually from 5.5 to 26.2 months of age. Language development at 3 years of age was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at 8 years of age was assessed using multifactorial intelligence test.Results: In the analysis of categorical variables, children who were breastfed for >1 and ≤3 months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed with Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 14.1 months than those breastfed for >3 and ≤6 months (OR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.50), but no significant differences in other rounds of assessments. In the analysis with continuous variables, there were significant differences among six groups of breastfeeding duration in communication (F=3.72; p<0.002) and problem solving (F=3.09; p<0.009) at 14.1 months, expressive language (F=3.74; p=0.002) at 3 years, and calculation (F=2.43; p<0.033) at 8 years. When analyzed by two groups, children breastfed for >3 months scored significantly higher on the communication (F = 17.71; p < 0.001) and problem-solving (F = 11.26; p < 0.001) subscales at 14.1 months, and expressive language (F=12.85; p<0.001) at 3 years, and vocabulary (F=6.78; p=0.009) and language inference (F=5.62; p=0.018) at 8 years, compared to children breastfed for 3 months or less. Conclusion: We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for >3 months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were reported as larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.

scholarly journals Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: a prospective birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Min Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Abstract Background Despite evidences of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the association between breastfeeding and long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing. Methods The data of nationwide representative sample of 1752 children born between 2008 and 2009 in Korea were prospectively assessed from the fetal period to examine the benefits of breastfeeding and cognitive development. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Korean version of Denver II were used to assess early development annually from 5.5 to 26.2 months of age. Language development at 3 years of age was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at 8 years of age was assessed using multifactorial intelligence test. Results In the analysis of categorical variables, children who were breastfed for > 1 and ≤ 3 months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed with Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 14.1 months than those breastfed for > 3 and ≤ 6 months (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.50), but no significant differences in other rounds of assessments. In the analysis with continuous variables, there were significant differences among six groups of breastfeeding duration in communication (F = 3.72; p < 0.002) and problem solving (F = 3.09; p < 0.009) at 14.1 months, expressive language (F = 3.74; p = 0.002) at 3 years, and calculation (F = 2.43; p < 0.033) at 8 years. When analyzed by two groups, children breastfed for > 3 months scored significantly higher on the communication (F = 17.71; p < 0.001) and problem-solving (F = 11.26; p < 0.001) subscales at 14.1 months, and expressive language (F = 12.85; p < 0.001) at 3 years, and vocabulary (F = 6.78; p = 0.009) and language inference (F = 5.62; p = 0.018) at 8 years, compared to children breastfed for 3 months or less. Conclusion We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for > 3 months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were reported as larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.

scholarly journals Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: a prospective birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyoung Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Abstract Background:Despite evidences of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the association between breastfeeding and long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing.Methods:The data of nationwide representative sample of 1,752 children born between 2008 and 2009 in Korea were prospectively assessed from the fetal period to examine the benefits of breastfeeding and cognitive development. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Korean version of Denver II were used to assess early development annually from 5.5 to 26.2 months of age. Language development at 3 years of age was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at 8 years of age was assessed using multifactorial intelligence test.Results:Children who were breastfed for 1–3 months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed at 14.1 months than those breastfed for 3–6 months (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.50). Children who were breastfed for >3 months also scored significantly higher on the communication (F = 17.71; p < 0.001) and problem-solving (F = 11.26; p < 0.001) subscales at 14.1 months of age, and the expressive language subscale (F = 12.85; p < 0.001) at 3 years, compared to children breastfed for 3 months or less. The performances on the calculation subscale (F = 2.43; p = 0.033) at 8 years of age differed significantly among the groups of breastfeeding duration. Conclusion:We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for >3 months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were reported as larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.

scholarly journals Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: a prospective birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyoung Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Despite the evident benefits of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the benefit of breastfeeding on long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing.Methods: The data of nationwide representative sample of 1,752 children born between 2008 and 2009 in Korea were prospectively assessed from the fetal period to examine the benefits of breastfeeding and cognitive development. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Korean version of Denver II were used to assess early development annually from 5.5 to 26.2 months of age. Language development at 3 years of age was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at 8 years of age was assessed using multifactorial intelligence test.Results: Children who were breastfed 1–3 months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed at 14.1 months than those breastfed for 3–6 months. Children who were breastfed for >3 months also scored significantly higher on the communication and problem-solving subscales at 14.1 and 26.2 months of age, the expressive language subscale at 3 years, and the vocabulary and language inference vocabulary subscales at 8 years of age than children who were breastfed for <3 months.Conclusion: We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for >3 months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.

scholarly journals Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school age: a prospective birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyoung Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Despite evidences of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the association between breastfeeding and long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing.Methods: The data of nationwide representative sample of 1,752 children born between 2008 and 2009 in Korea were prospectively assessed from the fetal period to examine the benefits of breastfeeding and cognitive development. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Korean version of Denver II were used to assess early development annually from 5.5 to 26.2 months of age. Language development at 3 years of age was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at 8 years of age was assessed using multifactorial intelligence test.Results: Children who were breastfed for 1–3 months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed at 14.1 months than those breastfed for 3–6 months. Children who were breastfed for >3 months also scored significantly higher on the communication and problem-solving subscales at 14.1 months of age, the expressive language subscale at 3 years. The performances on the calculation subscale at 8 years of age differed significantly among the groups of breastfeeding duration. Conclusion: We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for >3 months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were reported as larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.

scholarly journals Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school-age: A panel study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyoung Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire

Abstract Background Despite the evident benefits of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the benefit of breastfeeding on long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing. Methods The subjects of this study were 1,752 children who participated in the Panel Study on Korean Children. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire (K-ASQ) and the Korean version of the Denver II were utilized to assess early development from birth to age two (T1 to T3). Language development at age three (T4) was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at age eight (T9) was assessed using Multifactorial intelligence test. Results Children who were breastfed for one to three months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed at T2 compared to those breastfed for three to six months. Children who were breastfed for more than three months also scored significantly higher on the communication and problem-solving subscales of the K-ASQ at T2 and T3, the expressive language subscale at T4, and the vocabulary and language inference vocabulary subscales at T9 compared to children who were breastfed for less than three months. Conclusion We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for more than three months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.

scholarly journals Associations Between Mode of Birth and Neuropsychological Development in Children Aged 4 Years: Results from a Birth Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Takács ◽  
Samuel P. Putnam ◽  
Catherine Monk ◽  
Hannah G. Dahlen ◽  
Charlene Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Neuropsychological Development ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to examine the association between Cesarean section (CS) and child development and behavior. The sample consisted of 256 children who were born at term without serious perinatal pathologies. Their development and behavior was assessed at the age of four using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), Children’s Behavior Questionnaire and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between CS and child outcomes. CS was associated with better scores in the Problem Solving domain of the ASQ in the whole sample. After stratifying by child sex, the positive association between CS and the Problem Solving domain was significant in boys, while no association was found in girls. Girls were rated less optimally in the Gross Motor domain of the ASQ when born via CS. Mode of birth was not associated with behavioral outcomes.

Association of skipping breakfast and different domains of cognitive function among undergraduate medical students: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Twinkle Kerwani ◽  
Sandhya Gupta ◽  
Venkatarao Epari ◽  
Jyotiranjan Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of skipping breakfast and its association with different domains of cognitive function. Materials and Methods: Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, a representative sample of 184 under graduate students were included. Cognitive function was assessed using previously validated scales of measurement like FDS (Forward Digit Span) and BDS (Backward Digit Span) for assessing short-term and working memory respectively and MMSE (Mini Mental Scale Examination) for assessing global cognitive function. Categorical variables were expressed as a percentage and continuous variables were expressed in terms of mean and median. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the medians. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Almost three-quarter of the study participants were found to have skipped breakfast either once or more than once in a week. All the three scores (FDS, BDS and MMSE) were higher among those who took breakfast. However; only the differences in BDS and MMSE scores were statistically significant. Conclusion: It was observed that those who took breakfast had higher BDS and MMSE scores indicating positive association between having breakfast and certain domains of cognitive function. Further, studies with robust study designs are needed to elicit the association of skipping breakfast and cognitive function, which would contribute further to our existing knowledge.

scholarly journals Factors associated with head circumference and indices of cognitive development in early childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e003427
Author(s):  
Laura Nicolaou ◽  
Tahmeed Ahmed ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta ◽  
Pascal Bessong ◽  
Margaret Kosek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Factors Associated

BackgroundWhile head circumference (HC) has been related to intracranial volume and brain size, its association with cognitive function remains unclear. We sought to understand the relationship among various biological and socioeconomic risk factors, HC and cognitive development.MethodsWe analysed data across resource-poor settings in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Peru, South Africa and Tanzania from the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development longitudinal birth cohort study. Participating children were enrolled and followed up between 2009 and 2014. A final sample of 1210 children aged 0–24 months were included in the analyses. The main outcomes were HC for age Z-score and cognitive, gross motor and language scores from Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III tests. Length, weight and HC were measured monthly, and cognitive tests were administered at 6, 15 and 24 months of age. To disentangle the associations between risk factors and HC from linear growth and to distinguish the direct and indirect effects of these risk factors on cognitive function, we conducted mediation analysis using longitudinal models to account for all data measured during follow-up.ResultsAverage HC-for-age Z-score (HCAZ) was −0.54 (95% CI −0.47 to −0.62) near birth and −1.01 (95% CI −0.94 to −1.08) at 24 months. Children with higher enrolment weight (p<0.0001), higher socioeconomic score (p=0.00037) and taller mothers (p=0.00084) had higher HCAZ at all ages, while enteropathogen infection (p=0.013) and more febrile episodes (p=0.013) were associated with lower HCAZ. The associations between HCAZ and enrolment weight-for-age, maternal height, socioeconomic status or pathogen burden were partly mediated through their associations with length-for-age. HCAZ showed no association with cognitive, gross motor or language skills at 6, 15 and 24 months of age.ConclusionsThe main risk factors associated with HC are similar to those associated with body length, and HC is not related to cognitive function.

scholarly journals Importance of accounting for sibling age when examining the association between family size and early childhood cognition, language and emotional behaviour: a birth cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e041984
Author(s):  
Christos Symeonides ◽  
Peter J Vuillermin ◽  
Emma Sciberras ◽  
Elizabeth Senn ◽  
Sarah M Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Emotional Behaviour

ObjectivesLarger sibships are associated with poorer cognitive and language outcomes but have different impacts on child emotional development. Previous studies have not taken into account sibling age, nor have impacts across multiple neurodevelopmental domains been considered in the same participant group. This study investigated the influence of family size indicators on early childhood cognitive, language and emotional-behavioural development. The effect of sibling age was considered by evaluating these relationships separately for different sibling age categories.DesignProspective birth cohort study.SettingParticipants in the Barwon Infant Study were recruited from two major hospitals in the Barwon region of Victoria, Australia, between 2010 and 2013 (n=1074 children).ParticipantsThe 755 children with any neurodevelopmental data at age 2–3 years excluding twins and those with an acquired neurodisability.Outcome measuresCognitive and language development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, and emotional-behavioural development was measured with the Child Behaviour Checklist for Ages 1½−5.ResultsGreater household size was associated with a reduced cognitive development score (adjusted mean difference (AMD) −0.66 per extra household member; 95% CI −0.96 to –0.37; p<0.001) without age-specific differences. However, poorer expressive language was only observed for exposure to siblings between 2–6 and 6–10 years older. Having siblings 2–6 years older was associated with less internalising behaviour (AMD −2.1 per sibling; 95% CI −3.1 to –1.0; p<0.001). These associations persisted after multiple comparison adjustment.ConclusionsThe influence of siblings on early childhood development varies substantially by sibling age and the neurodevelopmental outcome under study. Although family size alone appears important for cognitive development, age-specific findings emphasise the importance of sibling interaction in early childhood expressive language development and emotional behaviour.

Preoperative MRI findings and prediction of diagnostic utility of foramen ovale electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Bick ◽  
Marjan S. Dolatshahi ◽  
Benjamin L. Grannan ◽  
Andrew J. Cole ◽  
Daniel B. Hoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

OBJECTIVEForamen ovale electrodes (FOEs) are a minimally invasive method to localize mesial temporal seizures in cases in which noninvasive methods are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to identify factors predicting the ability of FOEs to yield a diagnosis in order to determine optimal candidates for this procedure.METHODSAll cases of diagnostic investigations performed with FOEs at the authors’ institution between 2005 and 2017 were reviewed. FOE investigation was defined as diagnostic if it led to a treatment decision. Demographic and clinical variables for diagnostic and nondiagnostic investigations were compared using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.RESULTSNinety-three patients underwent investigations performed with FOEs during the study period and were included in the study. FOE investigation was diagnostic in 75.3% of cases. Of patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy following diagnostic FOE evaluation, 75.9% were Engel class I at last follow-up (average 40.1 months). When the diagnostic and nondiagnostic FOE groups were compared, patients who had diagnostic investigations were more likely to be male (57.1% male vs 26.1% in the nondiagnostic group, p = 0.015). They were also more likely to have temporal lesions on preoperative MRI (p = 0.018).CONCLUSIONSFOEs are a useful, minimally invasive diagnostic modality resulting in a treatment decision in 75% of cases. Male patients and patients with temporal lesions on MRI may be most likely to benefit from FOE investigation.

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