Belonging Buffers the Impact of Cognitive Vulnerabilities on Affective Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C. Broos ◽  
Maria M. Llabre ◽  
Kiara R. Timpano
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Subjective experience of cognitive function in affective disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
K. Miskowiak ◽  
M. Vinberg ◽  
E.M. Christensen ◽  
L.V. Kessing
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionCognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD) may persist into periods of remission and affect psychosocial function. Attention and memory deficits may be more pronounced during remission in BD compared with UD. However, patients’ subjective experience of cognitive difficulties is poorly understood, and it is unclear whether this differs between BD and UD.Aims and objectivesTo examine self-reported cognitive function in remitted patients with BD and UD.MethodsPatients with BD (n = 54) and UD (n = 45) were referred to the outpatient clinic at Department of Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, following hospital discharge.Affective symptoms and patients’ experience of cognitive symptoms were assessed at their initial consultation at the clinic.ResultsPatients in remission experienced mild to moderate impairment of cognitive function with greatest difficulties in motivation, energy, attention and memory. Subjective experience of cognitive function were similar for BD and UD and were predicted by affective symptoms rather than by diagnosis, age, gender or comorbid alcohol misuse.ConclusionsThe absence of differences between UD and BD in the subjective experience of cognitive difficulties contrasts with evidence of greater objective cognitive dysfunction in BD. This highlights a potential discord between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function. The impact of affective symptoms on the subjectively experienced cognitive difficulties suggests that they reflect mood symptoms rather than objective cognitive deficits. Further investigation of the relation between objective and subjective measures of cognitive function and the influence of affective symptoms is warranted.

Abstract 14345: Cardioprotective Effect of Trait Forgiveness on Elevated Heart Rates in Patients With Schizophrenia

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Villa ◽  
Ross W May ◽  
Frank D Fincham ◽  
Marcos A Sanchez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background: Schizophrenia (SCH), which reduces the average life expectancy by 10-25 years, is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Elevated resting HR has been associated with increased risk for the development of cardiometabolic disease, which is common in SCH patients. This association may be due in part to increased sympathovagal tone inducing elevated resting HR. However, the impact of cardioprotective positive emotions such as trait forgiveness (TF) on HR and cardiac autonomic modulation via HRV in patients with SCH is not well known. We hypothesized that TF would be a significant predictor of HR in SCH patients. Methods: A total of 250 subjects (SCH patients = 80; male = 68; healthy controls [CON] = 170; Male = 115) participated in this study. SCH patients stopped antipsychotic medications 24-hrs before the experiments and were body weight (M ± SEM) (82 ± 5 Kg), aged matched (42 ± 4 years) with CON. Standardized scales were used to measure affectivity including depression (CESD), positivity of relationships (PR), rumination, and TF. After a 10-min rest period, 5-min ECG tracings were collected for HRV analysis. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Tests were used to evaluate the differences in HRV parameters at rest between SCH and CON. Hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) analyses were conducted to test the association between HR and affectivity to demonstrate the incremental contribution of sets of predictors in accounting for HR variance. Results: There were significant (p<0.01) differences between the groups (CON vs. SCH) in HR (72 ± 1.0 vs. 87 ± 1.4) and HRV the parameters Total Power (1822 ± 134 vs. 1183 ± 148), RMSSD (32.0 ± 1.7 vs. 19.0 ± 1.6), LF (762.7 ± 80.1 vs. 337.4 ± 45.0; surrogate of baroreflex function), and PR (26.1 ± 0.4 vs. 23.5 ± 0.7), but not TF. The HMR models showed that among affective symptoms, TF had an inverse relationship with heart rates and was the only significant predictor (p<.05) in the full model accounting for 8.1% in HR variance in the SCH group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that TF positively influences cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with SCH. Prospective studies aimed at examining TF as a cardioprotective behavioral intervention in SCH patients at increased cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals The impact of periventricular white matter lesions in patients with bipolar disorder type I

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Serafini ◽  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Nicoletta Girardi ◽  
Leonardo Strusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Type I ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionWhite matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are one the most common neuroimaging findings in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). It has been suggested that WMHs are associated with impaired insight in schizophrenia and schizoaffective patients; however, the relationship between insight and WMHs in BD type I has not been directly investigated.MethodsPatients with BD-I (148) were recruited and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Affective symptoms were assessed using Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17); the presence of impaired insight was based on the corresponding items of YMRS and HDRS17.ResultsMultiple punctate periventricular WMHs (PWMHs) and deep WMHs (DWMHs) were observed in 49.3% and 39.9% of the cases, respectively. Subjects with lower insight for mania had significantly more PWMHs (54.6% vs 22.2%; p < 0.05) when compared to BD-I patients with higher insight for mania. The presence of PWMHs was independently associated with lower insight for mania: patients who denied illness according to the YMRS were 4 times more likely to have PWMHs (95% CI: 1.21/13.42) than other patients.ConclusionsImpaired insight in BD-I is associated with periventricular WMHs. The early identification of BD-I subjects with PWMHs and impaired insight may be crucial for clinicians.

The Cognitive Profiles of Maltreated Children in Care and Their Educational Needs: Supporting Good Outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Joanne DeGregorio ◽  
Sara McLean
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
The Impact

Children in care, who have been maltreated, consistently demonstrate poorer educational outcomes than their peers. A number of reasons have been suggested for this such as a lack of stability and opportunities, as compared to their peers. One possible contributor to the poorer educational attainment of children in care is their underlying cognitive vulnerabilities. Cognitive deficits in maltreated children are thought to arise as a result of the impact of trauma on the developing brain. These cognitive deficits include difficulties with executive functioning. Executive functioning abilities include the ability to inhibit behaviour, plan ahead and switch from task to task and are critical for navigating the day to day requirements of educational settings. This article summarises what we know about the cognitive vulnerabilities of maltreated children in care and outlines the implications of these cognitive deficits for supporting maltreated children.

scholarly journals Cortical-subcortical structural connections support transcranial magnetic stimulation engagement of the amygdala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J Sydnor ◽  
Matthew Cieslak ◽  
Romain Duprat ◽  
Joseph Deluisi ◽  
Matthew W Flounders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Structural Connections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

The amygdala processes valenced stimuli, influences affective states, and exhibits aberrant activity across anxiety disorders, depression, and PTSD. Interventions that modulate amygdala activity hold promise for treating transdiagnostic affective symptoms. We investigated (N=45) whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits indirect changes in amygdala activity when applied to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), a region important for affect regulation. Harnessing in-scanner interleaved TMS/functional MRI (fMRI), we reveal that vlPFC neurostimulation evoked acute, dose-dependent modulations of amygdala fMRI BOLD signal. Larger TMS-evoked changes in amygdala fMRI signal were associated with higher fiber density in a vlPFC-amygdala white matter pathway, suggesting this pathway facilitated stimulation-induced communication between cortex and subcortex. This work provides evidence of amygdala engagement by TMS, highlighting stimulation of vlPFC-amygdala circuits as a candidate treatment for affective psychopathology. More broadly, it indicates that targeting cortical-subcortical connections may enhance the impact of TMS on subcortical neural activity and, by extension, subcortex-subserved behaviors.

Abstract 15794: Changes in Patient and Caregiver Depression and Anxiety Post-implantation of a Ventricular Assist Device

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie T Bidwell ◽  
James O Mudd ◽  
Jill M Gelow ◽  
Karen S Lyons ◽  
Shirin O Hiatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Patient Anxiety ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Caregiver Depression ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The impact of ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy on affective symptoms among patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and their informal caregivers is not well understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that patients’ affective symptoms would improve post-implant, while caregivers’ affective symptoms would worsen. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal data was collected on patients and their caregivers (n=25 dyads) prior to and at 30 and 90 days after VAD implantation. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8; range 0-24, higher scores indicate worse depressive symptoms), and anxiety was measured using the Anxiety Scale of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-ANX; range 0-4; higher scores indicate worse anxiety) in patients and their caregivers. Pre vs. post VAD comparisons in affective symptoms were examined using paired t-tests. Results: Patients requiring VAD implantation were 54.9±12.5 years of age and mostly male (84.0%), while caregivers were 53.9±11.1 years of age and mostly female (80.0%); a majority (72.0%) of dyads were spouses. Patient depression decreased significantly from pre-implant (9.3±5.6) to 30 days (6.9±5.4; t=2.2, p=0.04) and 90 days post-implant (3.6±3.6; t=5.3, p<0.01); patient anxiety also decreased from pre-implant (1.0±0.9) to 30 days (0.5±0.7; t=2.9, p<0.01) and 90 days post-implant (0.3±0.4; t=4.5, p<0.01). In contrast, there were no significant changes in caregiver depression from pre-implant (6.0±5.2) to 30 days (5.2±4.4; t=0.5, p=0.6) and 90 days post-implant (6.6±5.7; t=-0.4, p=0.7) or in caregiver anxiety from pre-implant (0.8±0.6) to 30 days (0.5±0.4; t=1.5, p=0.2) and 90 days post-implant (0.6±0.7; t=0.9, p=0.4). Conclusions: Although depression and anxiety improved dramatically for patients after VAD implantation, the pre-implant affective symptom burden of caregivers was substantially higher than national norms at baseline and was not ameliorated over time. As patient symptoms improve with VAD therapy, their caregivers may benefit from psychosocial interventions to address protracted symptoms of depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Effects of the JC JoyAge Stepped-Care Model Are Differentially Associated With Older Adults’ Baseline Profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 305-305
Author(s):  
Tianyin Liu ◽  
Gloria Hoi Yan Wong ◽  
Shiyu Lu ◽  
Terry Lum
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Depression is a multidimensional construct consists of different symptom clusters. This paper aims to investigate if the impact of a stepped-care model, JC JoyAge, differs for older adults with different baseline depressive symptom clusters. Data came from 702 older people aged 65 and over who completed the JoyAge program. Their depression (measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), anxiety, loneliness, and cognition were assessed by social workers at baseline and 12-months follow-up. Among them 609 were at risk or with mild symptoms and received group-based preventive care (prevention group), and 93 had moderate or above symptoms and received intensive intervention (intervention group). Their responses to PHQ-9 were coded to indicate affective, cognitive, behavioral, and somatic symptom clusters. It was found that somatic complaints had the highest prevalence (91%), followed by affective (83%), behavioral (60%), and cognitive symptoms (41%). Logistic regressions were used to estimate the effects of the program. For the prevention group, the JoyAge preventive care is more effective among those who reported behavioral symptoms (b=0.44, p&lt;0.05, OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.40), but less so in those who had cognitive appraisal issues (b=-0.42, p&lt;0.05, OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.96). For the intervention group, the JoyAge intervention was more effective in treatment among those who reported more affective symptoms (b=0.46, p&lt;0.05, OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.42). The benefits of JC JoyAge stepped-care are differentially associated with participants’ baseline profile. Participants’ overall depressive symptom severity and the presentation of symptom clusters need to be taken into consideration when delivering the services.

Lifetime Subthreshold Mania is Related to Suicidality in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Dell'Osso ◽  
Claudia Carmassi ◽  
Paola Rucci ◽  
Antonio Ciapparelli ◽  
Rosemma Paggini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Although the association between mood disorders, and particularly bipolar disorders, comorbidity and suicidality in posttraumatic (PTSD) patients is well established, less information is available on the impact of subsyndromal mood symptoms. The aim of the present study was, thus, to explore the frequency and relationship between subthreshold mood symptoms, assessed by a specific and validated questionnaire, and suicidality in PTSD patients.Method: Sixty-five PTSD outpatients without bipolar disorders and 65 healthy control subjects were asked to complete the Mood Spectrum-SR-Lifetime Version (MOODS-SR), a questionnaire exploring the presence of subthreshold affective symptoms. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationships between suicidality, explored by six items of the MOODS-SR combined and dichotomized to denote the presence or absence of suicidal ideations/plans and/or attempts, and the number of manic/hypomanic or depressive symptoms.Results: Statistically significant and positive associations were found between the presence of manic/hypomanic and depressive symptoms and the likelihood of suicidal ideation or attempts.Conclusion: Besides depressive, even subthreshold manic/hypomanic features seem to be associated with higher suicidality in PTSD patients.

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