Abstract 14345: Cardioprotective Effect of Trait Forgiveness on Elevated Heart Rates in Patients With Schizophrenia

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Villa ◽  
Ross W May ◽  
Frank D Fincham ◽  
Marcos A Sanchez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background: Schizophrenia (SCH), which reduces the average life expectancy by 10-25 years, is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Elevated resting HR has been associated with increased risk for the development of cardiometabolic disease, which is common in SCH patients. This association may be due in part to increased sympathovagal tone inducing elevated resting HR. However, the impact of cardioprotective positive emotions such as trait forgiveness (TF) on HR and cardiac autonomic modulation via HRV in patients with SCH is not well known. We hypothesized that TF would be a significant predictor of HR in SCH patients. Methods: A total of 250 subjects (SCH patients = 80; male = 68; healthy controls [CON] = 170; Male = 115) participated in this study. SCH patients stopped antipsychotic medications 24-hrs before the experiments and were body weight (M ± SEM) (82 ± 5 Kg), aged matched (42 ± 4 years) with CON. Standardized scales were used to measure affectivity including depression (CESD), positivity of relationships (PR), rumination, and TF. After a 10-min rest period, 5-min ECG tracings were collected for HRV analysis. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Tests were used to evaluate the differences in HRV parameters at rest between SCH and CON. Hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) analyses were conducted to test the association between HR and affectivity to demonstrate the incremental contribution of sets of predictors in accounting for HR variance. Results: There were significant (p<0.01) differences between the groups (CON vs. SCH) in HR (72 ± 1.0 vs. 87 ± 1.4) and HRV the parameters Total Power (1822 ± 134 vs. 1183 ± 148), RMSSD (32.0 ± 1.7 vs. 19.0 ± 1.6), LF (762.7 ± 80.1 vs. 337.4 ± 45.0; surrogate of baroreflex function), and PR (26.1 ± 0.4 vs. 23.5 ± 0.7), but not TF. The HMR models showed that among affective symptoms, TF had an inverse relationship with heart rates and was the only significant predictor (p<.05) in the full model accounting for 8.1% in HR variance in the SCH group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that TF positively influences cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with SCH. Prospective studies aimed at examining TF as a cardioprotective behavioral intervention in SCH patients at increased cardiovascular risk.

Abstract P339: Impaired Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Adolescents: Role of Insomnia Symptoms, Objective Short Sleep Duration and Night-To-Night Sleep Variability

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Fan He ◽  
Duanping Liao ◽  
Alexandros N Vgontzas ◽  
Edward O Bixler
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Introduction: Impaired cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM), as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Inadequate sleep has been shown to contribute to impaired CAM, however, it is not clear what sleep problems are independently associated with impaired CAM in adolescents, a population in which insomnia symptoms, short sleep duration and night-to-night sleep variability are highly prevalent. Hypothesis: Insomnia symptoms, objective short sleep duration and high sleep variability are independently associated with worse HRV indices in adolescents. Methods: Data from the Penn State Child Cohort, a randomly-selected sample of 421 adolescents (12-23y) was used. Insomnia symptoms were defined by the presence of self-reported difficulties falling and/or staying asleep on the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. All subjects underwent 9-hour, in-lab polysomnography (PSG) and wore an actigraphy (ACT) monitor in the non-dominant wrist for 7 days. Mixed-effect regression models predicting HRV indices included insomnia symptoms, PSG sleep duration and ACT sleep duration and its variability (standard deviation) adjusted for each other as well as for sex, race, age, body mass index, and apnea/hypopnea index. Results: Shorter PSG sleep duration and higher ACT sleep variability were independently associated with decreased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic nervous activity [e.g., SDNN: 2.05±0.70, p<0.01 and -4.50±1.14, p<0.01 and Log-HF: 0.10±0.03, p<0.0 and -0.10±0.05, p=0.05, respectively], while ACT sleep duration or self-reported insomnia symptoms were not [e.g., SDNN: -0.57±0.84, p=0.49 and 0.90±1.26, p=0.47 and Log-HF: -0.06±0.04, p=0.12 and 0.05±0.06, p=0.37, respectively]. Conclusions: Objective, but not subjective, measures of sleep are associated with impaired CAM in adolescents. Interestingly, short PSG sleep duration and high ACT sleep variability are independently associated with impaired CAM, which indicates that these two objective measures may help identify distinct sleep phenotypes associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adolescents. Future studies should examine whether a more severe type of insomnia symptoms, i.e., chronic insomnia, is associated with impaired CAM in adolescents.

scholarly journals Effects of bilateral lung transplantation on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory coupling: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tobaldini ◽  
G. D. Rodrigues ◽  
G. Mantoan ◽  
A. Monti ◽  
G. Coti Zelati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Bilateral Lung Transplantation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bilateral Lung ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Although cardiac autonomic modulation has been studied in several respiratory diseases, the evidence is limited on lung transplantation, particularly on its acute and chronic effects. Thus, we aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation before and after bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) through a prospective study on patients enrolled while awaiting transplant. Methods Twenty-two patients on the waiting list for lung transplantation (11 women, age 33 [24–51] years) were enrolled in a prospective study at Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Hospital in Milan, Italy. To evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation, ten minutes ECG and respiration were recorded at different time points before (T0) and 15 days (T1) and 6 months (T2) after bilateral lung transplantation. As to the analysis of cardiac autonomic modulation, heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed using spectral and symbolic analysis. Entropy-derived measures were used to evaluate complexity of cardiac autonomic modulation. Comparisons of autonomic indices at different time points were performed. Results BLT reduced HRV total power, HRV complexity and vagal modulation, while it increased sympathetic modulation in the acute phase (T1) compared to baseline (T0). The HRV alterations remained stable after 6 months (T2). Conclusion BLT reduced global variability and complexity of cardiac autonomic modulation in acute phases, and these alterations remain stable after 6 months from surgery. After BLT, a sympathetic predominance and a vagal withdrawal could be a characteristic autonomic pattern in this population.

Comparison of the Effects of Hydration with Water or Isotonic Solution on the Recovery of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Isadora Lessa Moreno ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Carlos Marcelo Pastre ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Isotonic Solution ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Control Protocol ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Submaximal Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
15Th Minute

Despite the importance of hydration during exercise, the impact of ingesting water or isotonic solution during and after exercise on the regulation of autonomic modulation is unclear. The study aimed to compare the effect of ingesting water or isotonic solution (Gatorade®, Brazil) on cardiac autonomic modulation in young people after submaximal aerobic exercise. Thirty-one young men were subjected to a protocol consisting of 4 steps: 1) incremental test, 2) control protocol without hydration, 3) protocol with ingestion of water, and 4) protocol with ingestion of isotonic solution. The protocol consisted of 10 min of rest, 90 min of treadmill exercise at 60% VO2peak, and 60 min of recovery at rest. In the hydration protocols, hydration occurred during and after exercise, every 15 min beginning after the 15th minute of exercise, with the amount ingested proportional to body mass lost in the control protocol. Autonomic modulation was evaluated by heart rate variability. The hydration protocols promoted a more efficient recovery of autonomic modulation, and for the exercise performed, regardless of the hydration administered, the effect on autonomic modulation was similar.

Zinc Depletion Increases Readmission in Older Patients: An Example of Interactions Between Nutrition and Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Gariballa ◽  
Awad Alessa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Abstract. Background: ill health may lead to poor nutrition and poor nutrition to ill health, so identifying priorities for management still remains a challenge. The aim of this report is to present data on the impact of plasma zinc (Zn) depletion on important health outcomes after adjusting for other poor prognostic indicators in hospitalised patients. Methods: Hospitalised acutely ill older patients who were part of a large randomised controlled trial had their nutritional status assessed using anthropometric, hematological and biochemical data. Plasma Zn concentrations were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and at 6 months using inductively- coupled plasma spectroscopy method. Other clinical outcome measures of health were also measured. Results: A total of 345 patients assessed at baseline, 133 at 6 weeks and 163 at 6 months. At baseline 254 (74%) patients had a plasma Zn concentration below 10.71 μmol/L indicating biochemical depletion. The figures at 6 weeks and 6 months were 86 (65%) and 114 (70%) patients respectively. After adjusting for age, co-morbidity, nutritional status and tissue inflammation measured using CRP, only muscle mass and serum albumin showed significant and independent effects on plasma Zn concentrations. The risk of non-elective readmission in the 6-months follow up period was significantly lower in patients with normal Zn concentrations compared with those diagnosed with Zn depletion (adjusted hazard ratio 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.99), p = 0.047. Conclusions: Zn depletion is common and associated with increased risk of readmission in acutely-ill older patients, however, the influence of underlying comorbidity on these results can not excluded.

Thrombophilia and risk of VTE recurrence according to the age at the time of first VTE manifestation

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Weingarz ◽  
Marc Schindewolf ◽  
Jan Schwonberg ◽  
Carola Hecking ◽  
Zsuzsanna Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor V Leiden Mutation ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
G20210a Mutation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: Whether screening for thrombophilia is useful for patients after a first episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a controversial issue. However, the impact of thrombophilia on the risk of recurrence may vary depending on the patient’s age at the time of the first VTE. Patients and methods: Of 1221 VTE patients (42 % males) registered in the MAISTHRO (MAin-ISar-THROmbosis) registry, 261 experienced VTE recurrence during a 5-year follow-up after the discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy. Results: Thrombophilia was more common among patients with VTE recurrence than those without (58.6 % vs. 50.3 %; p = 0.017). Stratifying patients by the age at the time of their initial VTE, Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusted for age, sex and the presence or absence of established risk factors revealed a heterozygous prothrombin (PT) G20210A mutation (hazard ratio (HR) 2.65; 95 %-confidence interval (CI) 1.71 - 4.12; p < 0.001), homozygosity/double heterozygosity for the factor V Leiden and/or PT mutation (HR 2.35; 95 %-CI 1.09 - 5.07, p = 0.030), and an antithrombin deficiency (HR 2.12; 95 %-CI 1.12 - 4.10; p = 0.021) to predict recurrent VTE in patients aged 40 years or older, whereas lupus anticoagulants (HR 3.05; 95%-CI 1.40 - 6.66; p = 0.005) increased the risk of recurrence in younger patients. Subgroup analyses revealed an increased risk of recurrence for a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation only in young females without hormonal treatment whereas the predictive value of a heterozygous PT mutation was restricted to males over the age of 40 years. Conclusions: Our data do not support a preference of younger patients for thrombophilia testing after a first venous thromboembolic event.

Efeito da manipulação vertebral sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Alyssa Conte Da Silva ◽  
Juliana Falcão Padilha ◽  
Jefferson Luiz Brum Marques ◽  
Cláudia Mirian De Godoy Marques
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Manipulation ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

Introdução: Existem poucos estudos que evidenciam a manipulação vertebral relacionada à modulação autonômica cardíaca. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre os efeitos da manipulação vertebral sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados da saúde Medline, Pubmed e Cinahl, no período correspondido entre setembro e novembro de 2014. Foram utilizados os descritores em inglês Spinal Manipulation, Cardiac Autonomic Modulation, Autonomic Nervous System, Heart Rate Variability, além de associações entre eles. Resultados: Foram encontrados 190 artigos, sendo excluídos 39 por serem repetidos, restando 151. Destes, 124 não se encaixaram nos critérios de inclusão e após leitura crítica e análise dos materiais foram selecionados 7 artigos. Grande parte dos estudos revelou que a manipulação da coluna, independente do segmento, demonstra alterações autonômicas, tanto em nível simpático quanto parassimpático. Conclusão: Existem diferentes metodologias para avaliação da modulação autonômica cardíaca, sendo a Variabilidade da Frequência cardíaca através do eletrocardiograma a mais utilizada. A manipulação vertebral exerceu influência, na maioria dos artigos, sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca.Palavras-chave: manipulação da coluna, sistema nervoso autônomo, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. 

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Diabetes and Multivessel or Left Main Disease – a Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Donald E Cutlip ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bare Metal Stents ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Metal Stents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes is frequently a diffuse process with multivessel involvement and is associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction and death. The role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with diabetes and multivessel disease who require revascularisation has been debated and remains uncertain. The debate has been continued mainly because of the question to what degree an increased risk for in-stent restenosis among patients with diabetes contributes to other late adverse outcomes. This article reviews outcomes from early trials of balloon angioplasty versus CABG through later trials of bare-metal stents versus CABG and more recent data with drug-eluting stents as the comparator. Although not all studies have been powered to show statistical significance, the results have been generally consistent with a mortality benefit for CABG versus PCI, despite differential risks for restenosis with the various PCI approaches. The review also considers the impact of mammary artery grafting of the left anterior descending artery and individual case selection on these results, and proposes an algorithm for selection of patients in whom PCI remains a reasonable strategy.

Working conditions and occupational pathology of coal miners in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanev ◽  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
N. M. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Due to the impact of adverse working conditions and climate, workers in coal-mining enterprises in the Arctic are at increased risk of occupational diseases (OD).The aim of the study was to study the working conditions, causes, structure and prevalence of occupational diseases in miners of coal mines in the Arctic.Materials and methods. Th e data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of Vorkuta and Chukotka Autonomous District in 2007–2017 are studied.Results. It was established that in 2007–2017 years, 2,296 ODs were diagnosed for the first time in 1851 coal mines, mainly in the drifters, clearing face miners, repairmen and machinists of mining excavating machines. Most often, the ODs occurred when exposed to the severity of labor, fibrogenic aerosols and hand-arm vibration. The development of professional pathology in 98% of cases was due to design flaws of machines and mechanisms, as well as imperfections of workplaces and technological processes. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (36.2%), respiratory organs (28.9%) and nervous system (22.5%) prevailed in the structure of professional pathology of miners of coal mines. Among the three most common nosological forms of OD were radiculopathy (32.1%), chronic bronchitis (27.7%) and mono-polyneuropathy (15.4%). In 2017, coal miners in the Arctic had a professional morbidity rate of 2.82 times higher than the national rates for coal mining.Conclusions. To preserve the health of miners of coal mining enterprises, technical measures to improve working conditions and medical interventions aimed at increasing the body’s resistance to the effects of harmful production and climatic factors are necessary.

The Role of Vascular Aging in Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3098-3111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The ongoing demographical shift is leading to an unprecedented aging of the population. As a consequence, the prevalence of age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications is set to increase in the near future. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening characterize arterial aging and set the stage for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques evolve over time, the extent to which these changes might affect their stability and predispose to sudden complications remains to be determined. Recent advances in imaging technology will allow for longitudinal prospective studies following the progression of plaque burden aimed at better characterizing changes over time associated with plaque stability or rupture. Oxidative stress and inflammation, firmly established driving forces of age-related CV dysfunction, also play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. Several genes involved in lifespan determination are known regulator of redox cellular balance and pre-clinical evidence underlines their pathophysiological roles in age-related cardiovascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine the impact of aging on arterial function and atherosclerotic plaque development. Furthermore, we report how molecular mechanisms of vascular aging might regulate age-related plaque modifications and how this may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to attenuate the increased risk of CV disease in elderly people.

External sources promoting resilience in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. 174462952096194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Scheffers ◽  
Xavier Moonen ◽  
Eveline van Vugt
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Background: Persons with an intellectual disability are at increased risk of experiencing adversities. The current study aims at providing an overview of the research on how resilience in adults with intellectual disabilities, in the face of adversity, is supported by sources in their social network. Method: A literature review was conducted in the databases Psycinfo and Web of Science. To evaluate the quality of the included studies, the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used. Results: The themes: “ positive emotions,” “ network acceptance,” “ sense of coherence” and “ network support,” were identified as sources of resilience in the social network of the adults with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: The current review showed that research addressing sources of resilience among persons with intellectual disabilities is scarce. In this first overview, four sources of resilience in the social network of people with intellectual disabilities were identified that interact and possibly strengthen each other.

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