scholarly journals Rationale and Design of the Hamburg City Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Jagodzinski ◽  
Christoffer Johansen ◽  
Uwe Koch-Gromus ◽  
Ghazal Aarabi ◽  
Gerhard Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Risk And Resilience

Abstract The Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) is a large, prospective, long-term, population-based cohort study and a unique research platform and network to obtain substantial knowledge about several important risk and prognostic factors in major chronic diseases. A random sample of 45,000 participants between 45 and 74 years of age from the general population of Hamburg, Germany, are taking part in an extensive baseline assessment at one dedicated study center. Participants undergo 13 validated and 5 novel examinations primarily targeting major organ system function and structures including extensive imaging examinations. The protocol includes validate self-reports via questionnaires regarding lifestyle and environmental conditions, dietary habits, physical condition and activity, sexual dysfunction, professional life, psychosocial context and burden, quality of life, digital media use, occupational, medical and family history as well as healthcare utilization. The assessment is completed by genomic and proteomic characterization. Beyond the identification of classical risk factors for major chronic diseases and survivorship, the core intention is to gather valid prevalence and incidence, and to develop complex models predicting health outcomes based on a multitude of examination data, imaging, biomarker, psychosocial and behavioral assessments. Participants at risk for coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke and dementia are invited for a visit to conduct an additional MRI examination of either heart or brain. Endpoint assessment of the overall sample will be completed through repeated follow-up examinations and surveys as well as related individual routine data from involved health and pension insurances. The study is targeting the complex relationship between biologic and psychosocial risk and resilience factors, chronic disease, health care use, survivorship and health as well as favorable and bad prognosis within a unique, large-scale long-term assessment with the perspective of further examinations after 6 years in a representative European metropolitan population.

scholarly journals How to evaluate the effect of seven years of the Norwegian School Fruit Scheme (2007–2014) on fruit, vegetable and snack consumption and weight status: A natural experiment

2019 ◽  
pp. 140349481987592
Author(s):  
Ingrid Marie Hovdenak ◽  
Tonje Holte Stea ◽  
Per Magnus ◽  
Steinar Krokstad ◽  
Oddrun Samdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Norwegian School ◽  
The Impact

Aim: From August 2007 to June 2014, the Norwegian School Fruit Scheme (NSFS) legally established that all pupils in junior high and combined schools (275,000 pupils every year), but not those in primary schools (343,000 pupils every year), were entitled to a free piece of fruit or vegetable every school day. The NSFS is a natural experiment, unique in terms of scope and lengthiness. Such governmental efforts to improve the diet of the public are rarely evaluated. Thus, an evaluation of the comprehensive, well-designed NSFS is warranted. The aim was to describe how the NSFS can be evaluated using existing data sets. Methods: Four data sets have been identified for the evaluation of the NSFS: (a) the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, (b) the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, (c) the Norwegian Child Growth Study/Growth in Teenagers and (d) Health Behaviour in School Aged Children. These comprehensive studies have collected cross-sectional or longitudinal data providing information about children’s dietary consumption and/or weight status, which can be utilised in the evaluation of the NSFS. Both short- and long-term effects of the NSFS related to dietary habits and weight status and the potential effect of moderators such as socio-economic status, sex, ethnicity and the age of children and adolescents can be studied. Conclusions: Worldwide, there is a lack of well-designed, long-term studies evaluating the impact of governmental efforts to improve public diet. The present study describes how the NSFS can be evaluated using data from four large data sets on eating habits and weight status.

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction of Depression Risk and Resilience Under Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fang ◽  
Laura Scott ◽  
Peter Song ◽  
Margit Burmeister ◽  
Srijan Sen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Training Stress

AbstractAdvancing our ability to predict who is likely to develop depression in response to stress holds great potential in reducing the burden of the disorder. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression have, for the first time, provided a basis for meaningful depression polygenic risk score construction (MDD-PRS). The Intern Health Study utilizes the predictable and large increase in depression with physician training stress to identify predictors of depression. Applying the MDD-PRS derived from the PGC2/23andMe GWAS to 5,227 training physicians, we found that MDD-PRS predicted depression under training stress (beta=0.082, p=2.1×10−12) and that MDD-PRS was significantly more strongly associated with depression under stress than at baseline (MDD-PRS × stress interaction - beta=0.029, p=0.02). While known risk factors accounted for 85.6% of the association between MDD-PRS and depression at baseline, they only accounted for 55.4% of the association between MDD-PRS and depression under stress, suggesting that MDD-PRS can add unique predictive power to existing models of depression under stress. Further, we found that low MDD-PRS may have particular utility in identifying individuals with high resilience. Together, these findings suggest that polygenic risk score holds promise in furthering our ability to predict vulnerability and resilience under stress.

Abstract P091: A Comparison of Analytical Methods to Evaluate the Association Between Diet and Long-Term Weight Gain in Three Prospective Cohorts

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D Smith ◽  
Tao Hou ◽  
Frank Hu ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
Comparison Of Analytical Methods

Background: Because long-term weight gain typically occurs insidiously (~1 lb/y) it is very difficult to study in RCTs and prospective cohorts provide crucial evidence on its key contributors. Most prior studies have evaluated how baseline diet, rather than change in diet that may be more physiologically relevant, relates to future weight gain. Aim: To evaluate and compare different methodological approaches for investigating how diet relates to long-term weight gain. Methods: Participants from 3 separate cohorts, the Nurses Health Study (NHS, n=50,422), Nurses Health Study II (NHS II, n=47,898), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n=22,557), free of obesity and chronic diseases at baseline, were included and followed for up to 20 y. Lifestyle, health status, and weight were assessed by questionnaires every 2 y, and diet by validated FFQ every 4 y. We assessed 3 different analytic approaches, including relations of 1) baseline diet at the start of each 4 y with weight change in the next 4 y; 2) 4-y change in diet with weight change in the same 4 y; and 3) 4-y change in diet with lagged weight change in the next 4 y. We compared these approaches evaluating consistency across cohorts, magnitudes of associations, and biological plausibility of findings. Results: Across the three methods, consistent, robust, and biologically plausible associations were only seen between changes in diet and changes in weight in the same 4 y (Figure). Findings evaluating baseline diet and lagged dietary change were less consistent across cohorts, far smaller in magnitude, and often not biologically plausible, suggesting presence of both bias and misclassification of the true relevant dietary metric. Conclusions: The methods used to analyze dietary habits and long-term weight gain are crucial. The most robust, biologically relevant, and consistent findings are seen when evaluating dietary change and weight change in discrete periods.

Breastfeeding duration is associated with offspring’s adherence to prudent dietary pattern in adulthood: results from the Nutritionist’s Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Eshriqui ◽  
Luciana Dias Folchetti ◽  
Angélica Marques Martins Valente ◽  
Bianca de Almeida-Pititto ◽  
Sandra Roberta G. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
High Adherence

AbstractLittle is known about the long-term effect of breastfeeding on dietary habits. We examined the association between breastfeeding duration and adherence to current dietary patterns of young women. This was a cross-sectional analysis of 587 healthy women aged ≤45 years, undergraduates or nutrition graduates. Maternal characteristics and breastfeeding duration [<6; 6–<12; ≥12 months (reference)] were recalled. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and patterns were identified using factor analysis by principal component. Adherence to patterns was categorized in tertiles; the first (T1 = reference) was compared to T2 + T3 (moderate-to-high adherence). Logistic regression was performed considering the minimal sufficient adjustment recommended by the directed acyclic graph. Median age was 22 (interquartile range (IQR) 20; 27) years and body mass index (BMI) 22.2 (IQR 20.4; 25.0) kg/m2. The four dietary patterns identified (Processed, Prudent, Brazilian and Lacto-vegetarian) explained 27% of diet variance. Women breastfed for <6 months showed lower chance of moderate-to-high adherence to the Prudent pattern (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, p = 0.04). Breastfeeding was not associated with the other patterns. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was directly associated with moderate-to-high adherence to the Processed pattern (OR = 2.01, p = 0.03) and inversely to the Prudent pattern (OR = 0.52, p = 0.02). Higher adherence to the Brazilian pattern was associated with proxies of low socioeconomic status and the Lacto-vegetarian pattern with the opposite. Confirmation in prospective studies of the association found in this study between breastfeeding with the Prudent pattern in adult offspring could suggest that early feeding practices influence long-term dietary habits, which could then affect the risk of nutrition-related diseases.

scholarly journals ‘Grand Theft Archive’: A Quantitative Analysis of the State of Computer Game Preservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gooding ◽  
Melissa Terras
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Difficult Area ◽  
The Uk

Computer games, like other digital media, are extremely vulnerable to long-term loss, yet little work has been done to preserve them. As a result we are experiencing large-scale loss of the early years of gaming history. Computer games are an important part of modern popular culture, and yet are afforded little of the respect bestowed upon established media such as books, film, television and music. We must understand the reasons for the current lack of computer game preservation in order to devise strategies for the future. Computer game history is a difficult area to work in, because it is impossible to know what has been lost already, and early records are often incomplete. This paper uses the information that is available to analyse the current status of computer game preservation, specifically in the UK. It makes a quantitative analysis of the preservation status of computer games, and finds that games are already in a vulnerable state. It proposes that work should be done to compile accurate metadata on computer games and to analyse more closely the exact scale of data loss, while suggesting strategies to overcome the barriers that currently exist.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Computer Analyses in Preventive Health Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
New Era ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Normal Test ◽  
Computer Analyses

The utilization of an automated multitest laboratory as a data acquisition center and of a computer for trie data processing and analysis permits large scale preventive medical research previously not feasible. Normal test values are easily generated for the particular population studied. Long-term epidemiological research on large numbers of persons becomes practical. It is our belief that the advent of automation and computers has introduced a new era of preventive medicine.

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