Identity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with crown rot on wheat (Triticum spp.) in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Shikur Gebremariam ◽  
D. Sharma-Poudyal ◽  
T. C. Paulitz ◽  
G. Erginbas-Orakci ◽  
A. Karakaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Triticum Spp

scholarly journals Incidence and characterization of Fusarium species in crown rot of bananas

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kumindra Devrajh Ramsunder
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Economic Significance

Fusarium species produce toxic mycotoxins that are known to exert adverse health effects in humans and animals. No attempts have been made to establish mycotoxin-producing capabilities of isolates of Fusarium species from bananas exhibiting symptoms of crown rot. Crown rot is one of the most serious post harvest problems in banana and the disease is caused by different fungal species, principally Fusarium species. Banana, which is of great economic significance in growing countries (i.e. Costa Rica, Cameroon, Ecuador) is seriously affected by crown rot and is a major cause of fruit loss

Occurrence of mycotoxins in straw used in pig deep litter systems in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production System ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Winter Cereals

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi under certain stress periods (Smith and Seddon 1998). When ingested, mycotoxins cause insidious losses, ill thrift and reduced disease resistance. Zearalenone is known to cause hyperestrogesium in pigs and hence a reduction in fertility in both sows and boars can occur (Binder 2004). Certain mycotoxins such as zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxinivalenol (DON) are produced by fungi of the fusarium species on crops in the field. Fusarium pseudograminearum (Crown Rot) produces both DON and ZEA in decreasing levels up the tiller of winter cereals (Blaney et al. 1987). Most studies carried out so far analysed the occurrence of mycotoxins in the grain and less is known about the prevalence of mycotoxins in the straw of the crop. Housing of sows during gestation on straw is becoming a favoured production system due to environmental and public perception pressures. The intake of straw by weaners on straw based systems has been found to account for 11.5% of total feed intake (Barneveld et al. 2004), such that there could be a considerable risk for increased ingestion of mycotoxins in animals on straw based systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mycotoxins in straw used for deep litter in Australian deep litter pig production systems.

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Han-shou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

scholarly journals Crown and Root Infection of Lisianthus Caused by Fusarium solani in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Truter ◽  
F. C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
State University ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
A Minor

Cultivation of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) is a minor industry in South Africa, with only a few growers producing the crop commercially. Commercial production at a location in Gauteng Province is hampered by rotting of the crowns and roots of plants that result in mortality of as much as 22% of the plants. At advanced stages of infection, the crowns of affected plants characteristically are covered with masses of fusoid, curved hyalophragmospores. Crowns and roots of symptomatic plants that were submitted by the grower in January 2003 were surface disinfested by immersing for 2 min in a 3% solution of sodium hypochlorite, and segments excised from the plant tissue were plated on potato dextrose agar supplemented with 50 mg l-1 of rifampicin. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw. (1), was consistently and exclusively isolated from the segments. Teleomorph Nectria haematococca Berk. & Broome, commonly developed in culture after incubation for 4 to 6 weeks, although no sexual structures were observed on infected plants. A spore suspension containing 104 micro- and macroconidia ml-1 was prepared for each of two single-conidial isolates of F. solani. Using a 0.8-mm-diameter hypodermic needle, 100 μl of each suspension was injected subepi-dermally into the crown of each of three 1-month-old disease-free lisian-thus plantlets (cv. Texas Blue Bell) growing in 500-ml plastic pots filled with sterilized vermiculite. In addition, each suspension was incorporated at 2% (vol/vol) into three pots with sterile vermiculite, and a plantlet was planted in each pot. Control plantlets were treated similarly, but with sterile distilled water. All inoculated plantlets developed crown rot and wilted within 2 weeks while maintained at 28°C in a greenhouse, regardless of mode of inoculation, and F. solani was readily reisolated from their crowns and roots. Control plantlets remained symptomless and did not yield F. solani. Crown and root infection of lisianthus by F. solani has been described (2,3), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in South Africa. References: (1) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park. 1983. (2) J. J. Taubenhaus and W. N. Ezekiel. Phytopathology 24:19, 1934. (3) S. Wolcan et al. Plant Dis. 85:443, 2001.

scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol Detoxification in Transgenic Wheat Confers Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Mandalà ◽  
Silvio Tundo ◽  
Sara Francesconi ◽  
Federica Gevi ◽  
Lello Zolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Principal Mechanism

Fusarium diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), reduce crop yield and grain quality and are major agricultural problems worldwide. These diseases also affect food safety through fungal production of hazardous mycotoxins. Among these, deoxynivalenol (DON) acts as a virulence factor during pathogenesis on wheat. The principal mechanism underlying plant tolerance to DON is glycosylation by specific uridine diphosphate–dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs), through which DON-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G) is produced. In this work, we tested whether DON detoxification by UGT could confer to wheat a broad-spectrum resistance against Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These widespread Fusarium species affect different plant organs and developmental stages in the course of FHB and FCR. To assess DON-detoxification potential, we produced transgenic durum wheat plants constitutively expressing the barley HvUGT13248 and bread wheat plants expressing the same transgene in flower tissues. When challenged with F. graminearum, FHB symptoms were reduced in both types of transgenic plants, particularly during early to mid-infection stages of the infection progress. The transgenic durum wheat displayed much greater DON-to-D3G conversion ability and a considerable decrease of total DON+D3G content in flour extracts. The transgenic bread wheat exhibited a UGT dose–dependent efficacy of DON detoxification. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that DON detoxification limits FCR caused by F. culmorum. FCR symptoms were reduced throughout the experiment by nearly 50% in seedlings of transgenic plants constitutively expressing HvUGT13248. Our results demonstrate that limiting the effect of the virulence factor DON via in planta glycosylation restrains FHB and FCR development. Therefore, ability for DON detoxification can be a trait of interest for wheat breeding targeting FHB and FCR resistance.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fusarium and Neocosmospora Species Associated With Crown Rot and Stem Canker of Pistachio Rootstocks in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Crespo ◽  
Daniel P. Lawrence ◽  
Mohamed T. Nouri ◽  
David A. Doll ◽  
Florent P. Trouillas
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Pistachio Trees

California produces 99.1% of pistachios grown in the United States, and diseases affecting pistachio rootstocks represent a constant challenge to the industry. Field surveys of fungi associated with pistachio rootstocks with symptoms of crown rot and stem canker in three central California counties followed by phylogenetic analyses of translation elongation factor 1-α and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene fragments identified three Fusarium species (Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium proliferatum) and two Neocosmospora species (Neocosmospora falciformis and Neocosmospora solani). F. oxysporum and N. falciformis were the fungal species most frequently recovered from symptomatic pistachio trees. Inoculations of detached twigs of cultivar Kerman pistachio Pioneer Gold I and clonal University of California, Berkeley I (UCBI) rootstocks showed that all five species could colonize pistachio wood and cause vascular discolorations. Pathogenicity tests in potted pistachio trees completed Koch’s postulates and confirmed that F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, N. falciformis, and N. solani were capable of producing rot and discoloration in stems of clonal UCBI rootstocks, the most widely planted pistachio rootstock in California. To our knowledge, this study is the first to present insights into the biodiversity and biology of Fusarium and Neocosmospora species associated with pistachio trees in California.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium hostae Causing Crown Rot on Wheat (Triticum spp.) in Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Shikur Gebremariam ◽  
A. A. Dababat ◽  
G. Erginbas-Orakci ◽  
A. Karakaya ◽  
D. S. Poudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Triticum Spp

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum on Sweet Pepper Seedlings in Almería, Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lomas-Cano ◽  
D. Palmero-Llamas ◽  
M. de Cara ◽  
C. García-Rodríguez ◽  
A. Boix-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Pepper Plants

In March of 2013, new symptoms were observed in more than seven million nursery-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in El Ejido, Almería (southern Spain). Symptoms included wilting without yellowing of leaves and stunting of plants. Plant crowns exhibited necrosis that advanced through the main root along with slight root rot. Xylem was not affected above or below the crown. Symptoms were thought to be caused by the well-known pepper pathogen Phytophthora capsici. However, sporodochia of Fusarium oxysporum were observed on plant crowns. Symptomatic seedlings (n = 200) were sampled and analyzed. Tissue from roots and epidermal crowns were plated on PDA, PARP, and Komada media, as well as stem discs on PDA and Komada. No Phytophthora sp. were observed and F. oxyporum was exclusively isolated from all 200 samples, from roots and crowns, but not from xylem. Pathogenicity of 60 of these F. oxysporum isolates was studied by inoculation onto sweet pepper plants (cv. del Piquillo) at the 2-true-leaf stage. Twelve plants per isolate, grown on autoclaved vermiculite, were inoculated by drenching with 20 ml of a conidial suspension (1 × 105 CFU/ml) of each isolate per plant. Each suspension was obtained by blending one PDA petri dish fully covered with one isolate. Non-inoculated plants served as control. Plants were maintained for 30 days in a growth chamber with a 14-h photoperiod (1.6 ×·104 lux) and temperatures at 23 to 26°C. The assay was conducted twice. Symptoms described above were reproduced on crown and roots of the inoculated plants with no symptoms in stem discs. No symptoms were observed on controls after 48 days. Host specificity was tested for 13 isolates to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. San Pedro, eggplant (S. melongena) cv. Alegria, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cv. Marketmore, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. Sugar Baby, and Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. condensa) cv. Kasumi (4). These plants were inoculated as previously described for pathogenicity tests (12 plants per species, repeated twice). None of the plants exhibited the characteristic symptoms after 60 days. Five isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum and four isolates of F. o. f. sp radicis-lycopersici were also inoculated without any symptoms in any of the inoculated sweet pepper plants. Morphological identity of all isolates corresponded to F. oxysporum. The fungi were identified following the morphological keys and methodology provided by (1) and (2). Three isolates from the 60 tested were selected for molecular identification. Molecular identification was performed by sequencing partial TEF-1α gene (3). Subsequent database searches by BLASTn indicated that the resulting sequence of 659-bp had 100% identity with the corresponding gene sequence of F. oxysporum. The sequences were identical for the three isolates and were deposited on the EMBL Sequence Database (HG916993, HG916994, and HG916995). Results suggest that the pathogenic ability of the isolates varies from a vascular Fusarium wilt. F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici is a reported pathogen to sweet pepper (5), but the symptoms we have found are closer to those manifested by the formae speciales that causes root and crown rot of other plants. Consistent with the convention stablished for similar diseases we propose the name F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-capsici f. sp. nov. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell, Ames, IA, 2006. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species. An Ilustrated Manual for Identification. The Penn St. University Press, 1983. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 95:2044, 1998.(4) L. M. Oelke and P. W. Bosland. Capsicum Eggplant Newsl. 20:86, 2001. (5) V. C. Rivelli. M.S. Thesis. Dep. Plant Pathol. and Crop Phys. Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, 1989.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium Stem and Crown Rot of Fennel in Arizona Caused by Fusarium avenaceum

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike ◽  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
S. C. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Base Pair ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Agar Plug

In 2010 in Yuma, AZ, field-grown fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Apiaceae) exhibited previously undescribed disease symptoms. The lower stems in contact with soil developed a brown decay and leaves on these stems became chlorotic. White mycelium and orange sporodochia were observed on affected tissues near the soil line. Diseased stems later wilted, died, and resulted in reduced quality of the fennel; these plants were not harvested. Disease distribution was patchy and prevalence was approximately 5%. Symptomatic tissues were surface sterilized in a dilute (1%) bleach solution for 3 min and tissues from the margins of the decay were placed into petri plates containing acidified corn meal agar (2 ml of 25% lactic acid/liter). Isolations consistently resulted in the recovery of a presumptive Fusarium species. Isolates were transferred to carnation leaf agar and incubated at 22°C under fluorescent lights for 10 days. Morphologies of all isolates were identical, with macroconidia being long and slender, slightly curved, with elongated, bent apical cells and notched basal cells. Conidia were borne on monophialides. Microconidia were sparse and chlamydospores were not observed. For two isolates, a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF) was amplified with primers ef1 and ef2 (3). Based on a comparison of 668 base pairs, both isolates had the same sequence, which differed by one base pair from an accession (GQ915502.1) of Fusarium avenaceum in GenBank. The same single base pair also separated the two fennel isolates from an isolate of F. avenaceum (GL 13) previously recovered from Eustoma grandiflorum (=Lisianthus russellianus) (2). Thus, both morphological and molecular criteria support identification of the recovered fungus as F. avenaceum (Fries) Saccardo. Partial TEF sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JN254784, JN254785, and JN254786 for the two fennel isolates and GL 13, respectively). All isolates are archived in the Department of Plant Pathology at University of California, Davis. Pathogenicity was tested by cutting shallow slits into fennel stems, inserting one colonized agar plug into each cut, and wrapping the stems with Parafilm. Five isolates from fennel were tested on 10 stems each. Control plants were inoculated with uncolonized agar plugs. Plants were maintained at 24 to 26°C in a greenhouse. After 6 to 8 days, a brown decay developed on 70 to 90% of Fusarium-inoculated stems at the points of inoculation. Foliage later became chlorotic and F. avenaceum was recovered from all symptomatic stems. Control plants were symptomless. The experiment was completed two times and results were the same. In addition, F. avenaceum isolate GL13 from E. grandiflorum (2) was inoculated onto fennel plants with the same method. However, these inoculated plants remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a stem and crown rot disease of fennel caused by F. avenaceum. Apparently, the only other published account of a Fusarium disease of fennel is root rot caused by F. solani (1). The inability of the Eustoma isolate of F. avenaceum to cause disease in fennel suggests that these two crown rot pathogens may have restricted host ranges. References: (1) J. H. Gupta and V. P. Srivastava. Indian J. Mycol. Plant Pathol. 8:206, 1979. (2) S. T. Koike et al. Plant Dis. 80:1429, 1996. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:2044, 1998.

scholarly journals The homoeologous regions on long arms of group 3 chromosomes in wheat and barley harbour major crown rot resistance loci

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S109-S114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Liu ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
H.B. Li ◽  
Y.X. Liu ◽  
G.R. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Map ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Barley Resistance

Crown rot (CR), caused by various Fusarium species, has become an important cereal disease worldwide and growing resistant varieties is an essential strategy to reduce the $A80 mil annual loss from CR in Australia. To facilitate the breeding of resistant varieties, we have screened 2514 wheat and 1059 barley genotypes and identified several lines with high levels of CR resistance in each crop. Initially focused on two wheat and one barley resistance sources, we have identified major QTL with unprecedented magnitudes. Two wheat QTL explain between 35% (LOD 7.6) and 49% (LOD 10.8) and the barley QTL explains up to 63% (LOD 14.8) of the phenotypic variance. One of the wheat QTL has been further assessed in four validation populations, and the presence of this QTL alone reduces CR severity by 33% on average. Surprisingly, all of the three major CR QTL are located in similar regions on the long arms of the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, the two wheat QTL on 3BL and the barley QTL on 3HL. The possible homoeologous relationship between the 3BL wheat QTL and the 3HL barley QTL warrants further investigation. Relative rearrangements between 3H and 3B chromosomes are unknown, although the relative distances between the different QTL and the centromeres seem to be different. Compared with the barley QTL, the 3BL wheat QTL seems to be more distally located. However genetic distance can be affected by many factors including the use of different populations, thus the differences in genetic distances between the two different genera may have only limited value. The physical map of wheat chromosome 3B, which was recently made available as the first such resources for wheat, would make such a study much easier. Results will be presented on the detection, genetic analysis and mapping of these new sources of CR resistance.

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