Impact of climatic conditions on irrigation water requirements and hydraulic characteristics of modern irrigation systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Moursy ◽  
Kamal I. Wasfy
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Systems

scholarly journals Peramalan Kebutuhan Air Untuk Penyiapan Lahan Menggunakan Metode Siklis (Studi Kasus Daerah Irigasi Bendungan Batu Bulan Kec.Moyo Hulu)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Koko Hermanto ◽  
Silvia Firda Utami
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Irrigation Agriculture

Abstract. The area of agriculture in the Moyo Hulu sub-district of Sumbawa Regency is 6000 hectares with irrigation water sources from Batu Bulan Dam, which is the largest dam in Sumbawa Regency with an area of 932 hectares. Considering that Sumbawa Regency is one of the regions with a high level of drought, information on irrigation water requirements for land preparation needs to be known because it can optimize the allocation of the use of dam water discharge. And one of the important stages needed in the planning and management of irrigation systems. Based on this, the aim of this study is to forecast water requirements for land preparation in the irrigation area of Batu Bulan Dam by using cyclical methods because the data patterns are cyclical or seasonal. The factors that influence water requirements for preparing agricultural land are topography, hydrology, climatology and soil texture. From these factors, the data is then analysed so that the volume of water preparation needs to be obtained every month so that the results of the analysis can be predicted for the next period. Keyword: Forecasting, Cyclic methods, water requirements for land preparation, irrigation, agriculture.   Abstrak. Luas area pertanian di kecamatan Moyo Hulu Kabupaten Sumbawa sebesar 6000 hektar dengan sumber air irigasi dari Bendungan Batu Bulan yang merupakan bendungan terbesar di Kabupaten Sumbawa dengan luas 932 hektar. Mengingat Kabupaten Sumbawa salah satu wilayah dengan tingkat kekeringan yang cukup tinggi maka Informasi kebutuhan air irigasi untuk penyiapan lahan perlu diketahui karena dapat mengoptimalkan pengalokasian pengunaan debit air bendungan. Serta salah satu tahap penting yang diperlukan dalam perencanaan dan pengelolaan sistem irigasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meramalkan kebutuhan air untuk penyiapan lahan di daerah irigasi Bendungan Batu Bulan dengan menngunakan metode siklis karena pola datanya bersifat siklis atau musiman. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebutuhan air untuk penyiapan lahan pertanian adalah topografi, hidrologi, klimatologi dan tekstur tanah. Dari data-data faktor tersebut selanjutnya dianalisa sehingga diperoleh volume kebutuhan air penyiapan lahan setiap bulannya sehingga dari hasil analisa tersebut dapat diramalkan untuk periode berikutnya. Keyword: Peramalan, metode Siklis,Kebutuhan air penyiapan lahan, irigasi, pertanian.      

scholarly journals Irrigation water requirements for seed corn and coffee under potential climate change scenarios

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fares ◽  
Ripendra Awal ◽  
Samira Fares ◽  
Alton B. Johnson ◽  
Hector Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Deep Percolation ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
The Impact

The impact of potential future climate change scenarios on the irrigation water requirements (IRRs) of two major agricultural crops (coffee and seed corn) in Hawai'i was studied using the Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model. In addition to IRRs calculations, IManSys calculates runoff, deep percolation, canopy interception, and effective rainfall based on plant growth parameters, site specific soil hydrological properties, irrigation system efficiency, and long-term daily weather data. Irrigation water requirements of two crops were simulated using historical climate data and different levels of atmospheric CO2 (330, 550, 710 and 970 ppm), temperature (+1.1 and +6.4 °C) and precipitation (±5, ±10 and ±20%) chosen based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR4 projections under reference, B1, A1B1 and A1F1 emission scenarios. IRRs decreased as CO2 emission increased. The average percentage decrease in IRRs for seed corn is higher than that of coffee. However, runoff, rain canopy interception, and deep percolation below the root zone increased as precipitation increased. Canopy interception and drainage increased with increased CO2 emission. Evapotranspiration responded positively to air temperature rise, and as a result, IRRs increased as well. Further studies using crop models will predict crop yield responses to these different irrigation scenarios.

scholarly journals Water savings potentials of irrigation systems: global simulation of processes and linkages

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 3073-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jägermeyr ◽  
D. Gerten ◽  
J. Heinke ◽  
S. Schaphoff ◽  
M. Kummu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Regional Patterns

Abstract. Global agricultural production is heavily sustained by irrigation, but irrigation system efficiencies are often surprisingly low. However, our knowledge of irrigation efficiencies is mostly confined to rough indicative estimates for countries or regions that do not account for spatiotemporal heterogeneity due to climate and other biophysical dependencies. To allow for refined estimates of global agricultural water use, and of water saving and water productivity potentials constrained by biophysical processes and also non-trivial downstream effects, we incorporated a process-based representation of the three major irrigation systems (surface, sprinkler, and drip) into a bio- and agrosphere model, LPJmL. Based on this enhanced model we provide a gridded world map of irrigation efficiencies that are calculated in direct linkage to differences in system types, crop types, climatic and hydrologic conditions, and overall crop management. We find pronounced regional patterns in beneficial irrigation efficiency (a refined irrigation efficiency indicator accounting for crop-productive water consumption only), due to differences in these features, with the lowest values (< 30 %) in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and the highest values (> 60 %) in Europe and North America. We arrive at an estimate of global irrigation water withdrawal of 2469 km3 (2004–2009 average); irrigation water consumption is calculated to be 1257 km3, of which 608 km3 are non-beneficially consumed, i.e., lost through evaporation, interception, and conveyance. Replacing surface systems by sprinkler or drip systems could, on average across the world's river basins, reduce the non-beneficial consumption at river basin level by 54 and 76 %, respectively, while maintaining the current level of crop yields. Accordingly, crop water productivity would increase by 9 and 15 %, respectively, and by much more in specific regions such as in the Indus basin. This study significantly advances the global quantification of irrigation systems while providing a framework for assessing potential future transitions in these systems. In this paper, presented opportunities associated with irrigation improvements are significant and suggest that they should be considered an important means on the way to sustainable food security.

Climate change impacts on irrigation water requirements in the Guadalquivir river basin in Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rodríguez Díaz ◽  
E. K. Weatherhead ◽  
J. W. Knox ◽  
E. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Guadalquivir River

scholarly journals Assessment of Agricultural Water Requirements for Semi-Arid Areas: A Case Study of the Boufakrane River Watershed (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10379
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Hafyani ◽  
Ali Essahlaoui ◽  
Kimberley Fung-Loy ◽  
Jason A. Hubbart ◽  
Anton Van Rompaey
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

This work was undertaken to develop a low-cost but reliable assessment method for agricultural water requirements in semi-arid locations based on remote sensing data/techniques. In semi-arid locations, water resources are often limited, and long-term water consumption may exceed the natural replenishment rates of groundwater reservoirs. Sustainable land management in these locations must include tools that facilitate assessment of the impact of potential future land use changes. Agricultural practices in the Boufakrane River watershed (Morocco) were used as a case study application. Land use practices were mapped at the thematic resolution of individual crops, using a total of 13 images generated from the Sentinel-2 satellites. Using a supervised classification scheme, crop types were identified as cereals, other crops followed by cereals, vegetables, olive trees, and fruit trees. Two classifiers were used, namely Support vector machine (SVM) and Random forest (RF). A validation of the classified parcels showed a high overall accuracy of 89.76% for SVM and 84.03% for RF. Results showed that cereal is the most represented species, covering 8870.43 ha and representing 52.42% of the total area, followed by olive trees with 4323.18 ha and a coverage rate of 25%. Vegetables and other crops followed by cereals cover 1530.06 ha and 1661.45 ha, respectively, representing 9.4% and 9.8% of the total area. In the last rank, fruit trees occupy only 3.67% of the total area, with 621.06 ha. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) free software was used to overlay satellite data images with those of climate for agricultural water resources management in the region. This process facilitated estimations of irrigation water requirements for all crop types, taking into account total potential evapotranspiration, effective rainfall, and irrigation water requirements. Results showed that olive trees, fruit trees, and other crops followed by cereals are the most water demanding, with irrigation requirements exceeding 500 mm. The irrigation requirements of cereals and vegetables are lower than those of other classes, with amounts of 300 mm and 150 mm, respectively.

scholarly journals Remote sensing-based soil water balance for irrigation water accounting at the Spanish Iberian Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Garrido-Rubio ◽  
Alfonso Calera Belmonte ◽  
Lorena Fraile Enguita ◽  
Irene Arellano Alcázar ◽  
Mario Belmonte Mancebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Water Accounting

Abstract. Temporal series maps of irrigated areas, and the corresponding irrigation water requirements based on remote sensing, is a recognized tool contributing to water governance at different scales, from water user associations to whole river basin districts. These thematic cartographies offer a first estimation of the crop irrigation requirements, and a biophysical based approach of the temporal and spatial distribution of the crop water use in the cultivated areas. This work describes the operational application of these methodologies, providing valuable information for water governance and management purposes. The basic products obtained in the whole Spanish part of the Iberian Peninsula during the period 2014–2017 were: (i) annual maps of irrigated crops based on time series of multispectral satellite imagery; and (ii) the direct remote sensing-based water accounting, by quantifying agricultural water flows (e.g. rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, drainage and recharge), through a remote sensing-based soil water balance. Hence this paper provides a remote sensing based water accounting approach, which relies on dense time series of multispectral imagery acquired by the multisensor constellation arranged by Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellites, jointly with meteorological data and agronomic knowledge. Then, based on these purpose and approach, annual and monthly maps of net irrigation water requirements have been elaborated at the most practical spatial and temporal scales for water governance purposes over big areas such river basin districts. This work summarizes the methodologies used and discuss the technical and non-technical feasibility of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Analisis Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Menggunakan CROPWAT 8.0 pada Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreu Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-421
Author(s):  
Mahendra Rizqi ◽  
Muhammad Yasar Yasar ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Manual Calculation

Abstrak. Salah satu usaha peningkatan produksi pangan khususnya padi adalah tersedianya air irigasi di areal sawah sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kebutuhan air yang diperlukan  pada areal irigasi besarnya bervariasi sesuai keadaan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan evapotranspirasi, kehilangan air, kebutuhan air untuk tanaman dengan memperhatikan jumlah air yang diberikan oleh alam melalui hujan dan kontribusi air tanah. Pengaplikasian CROPWAT 8.0 ini sangat membantu dalam pengelolaan data sehingga menghasilkan data yang dapat digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung kebutuhan air irigasi pada Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreu dengan menggunakan software CROPWAT 8.0. Metode penelitian adalah menentukan parameter, pengumpulan data dan pengolahan data.  Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data luas areal yang dialiri, data-data untuk menghitung evapotranspirasi meliputi temperatur, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, lama penyinaran matahari, curah hujan, pola dan jadwal tanam yang dianjurkan di daerah penelitian. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh  Nilai evapotranspirasi potensial (ET0)  rata-rata  di Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreu adalah sebesar 3,75 mm/hari, curah hujan efektif (Re) rata-rata di Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreu adalah sebesar 3,09 mm/hari, kebutuhan air untuk penyiapan lahan adalah sebesar 11,35 mm/hari untuk Bulan November dan sebesar 11,71 mm/hari untuk Bulan Mei, kebutuhan bersih air di sawah (NFR) untuk padi rendeng dan padi gadu yaitu sebesar  11,22 mm/hari dan 25,34 mm/hari, dan kebutuhan air pada pintu pengambilan (DR) untuk padi rendeng dan padi gadu yaitu sebesar 17,27 mm/hari dan 38,98 mm/hari. Kebutuhan air irigasi di Darah Irigasi Krueng Jreu dengan total luas area sebesar 3.287 ha dengan kebutuhan air irigasi pola tanam padi-padi yang dimulai awal pengolahan lahan pada awal Bulan November maka didapatkan kebutuhan air irigasi maksimal yaitu terjadi pada Bulan Juli dengan perhitungan CROPWAT yaitu sebesar 14,9 m3/detik dan untuk perhitungan manual yaitu sebesar 6,26 m3/detik. Kebutuhan air irigasi minimum yaitu terjadi pada Bulan Desember dengan perhitungan CROPWAT yaitu sebesar 0,00 m3/detik dan perhitungan manual yaitu sebesar 0,45 m3/detik.Analysis of Irrigation Water Requirement Using CROPWAT 8.0 in Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area  of Aceh Besar RegencyAbstract. One of the efforts to increase food production, especially rice, is the availability of irrigation water in paddy fields according to their needs. The required water needs in the area of irrigation varies according the State needs for evapotranspiration, water loss, water needs for plants with attention to the amount of water given by nature through the rain and the contribution of groundwater. The application of  Cropwat 8.0 is very helpful in managing data so as to produce data that can be used. The purpose of this study was to calculate irrigation water requirements in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area using Cropwat 8.0 software. The research method is determining parameters, data collection and data processing. The data used in this study is the data area that is flowed, the data for calculating evapotranspiration include: temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, duration of solar radiation, rainfall, patterns, and planting schedules recommended in the study area. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded as follows: the average evapotranspiration value (ET0) in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area is 3,75 mm/day, the effective rainfall (Re) in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area is amounting to 3,09 mm/day, water requirements for land preparation of 11,35 mm/day in November and 11,71 mm/day in Mei, clean water requirements in rice fields (NFR) for rendeng rice and gadu rice which amounted to 11,22 mm/day and 25,34 mm/day, and water requirements on the retrieval gate (DR) for rendeng rice and gadu rice were equal to 17,27 mm/day and 38,98 mm/day. Irrigation water needs in Krueng Jreu Irrigation Blood with a total area of 3.287 ha with irrigation water requirements for rice-paddy cropping patterns that were started at the beginning of land processing at the beginning of November the maximum irrigation water needs were obtained in July with  Cropwat calculations that is equal to 14,9 m3/second and for manual calculations amounting to 6,26 m3/sec. For minimum irrigation water needs, that occurs in December with a Cropwat calculation is 0,00 m3/second and manual calculation of 0,45 m3/sec.

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