scholarly journals Representing Attitudes Towards Ambiguity in Hilbert Space: Foundations and Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Sozzo
Keyword(s):  
Ambiguity Aversion ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Ellsberg Paradox ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Fear Effects

Abstract We provide here a general mathematical framework to model attitudes towards ambiguity which uses the formalism of quantum theory as a “purely mathematical formalism, detached from any physical interpretation”. We show that the quantum-theoretic framework enables modelling of the Ellsberg paradox, but it also successfully applies to more concrete human decision-making tests involving financial, managerial and medical decisions. In particular, we elaborate a mathematical representation of various empirical studies which reveal that attitudes of managers towards uncertainty shift from ambiguity seeking to ambiguity aversion, and viceversa, thus exhibiting hope effects and fear effects. The present framework provides a promising direction towards the development of a unified theory of decisions in the presence of uncertainty.

scholarly journals An Organizing Principle for the Water-Energy-Food Nexus

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8135
Author(s):  
Chad W. Higgins ◽  
Majdi Abou Najm
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
Growth Habits

The nexus between water, energy, and food has recently evolved as a resource-management concept to deal with this intimately interwoven set of resources, their complex interactions, and the growing and continuously changing internal and external set of influencing factors, including climate change, population growth, habits and lifestyles alternations, and the dynamic prices of water, energy, and food. While an intriguing concept, the global research community is yet to identify a unifying conceptual and mathematical framework capable of adapting to integrate gathered knowledge and ensuring inclusivity by accounting for all significant interactions and feedbacks (including natural processes and anthropogenic inputs) within all nexus domains. We present an organizing roadmap for a conceptual and mathematical representation of the nexus. Our hope is that this representation will organize the nexus research and formalize a way for a generalizable framework that can be used to advance our understanding of those complex interactions, with hope that such an approach will lead to a more resilient future with sustained resources for the future generations.

Load-Transmitter Constraint Sets: Part II—A Building Block Based Methodology for the Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Krishnan ◽  
Charles Kim ◽  
Sridhar Kota
Keyword(s):  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Load Paths ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Extensive Computation

Designers have always conceptualized of load flow as a part of their initial design process for mechanisms and structures. However, the lack of mathematical representation of load flow makes it inappropriate to be included in systematic design processes. Load Transmitter Constraint (LTC) sets provide a mathematical framework for visualizing load paths in compliant mechanisms. In this paper we propose a systematic design methodology for compliant mechanisms by systematic combination of LTC sets. This enables the designer to conceptualize load flow and choose relevant LTC sets to enforce it. Apart from being intuitive this process gives an understanding of the importance of each member in the mechanism. Furthermore this theory enables accurate and deterministic design for given motion specification without the aid of extensive computation. In this paper we propose guidelines for the design of mechanisms with a single load flow path and multi load flow path, particularly relevant in shape morphing applications.

Modeling and prototyping of a soft closed-chain modular gripper

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muddasar Anwar ◽  
Toufik Al Khawli ◽  
Irfan Hussain ◽  
Dongming Gan ◽  
Federico Renda
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Closed Chain

Purpose This paper aims to present a soft closed-chain modular gripper for robotic pick-and-place applications. The proposed biomimetic gripper design is inspired by the Fin Ray effect, derived from fish fins physiology. It is composed of three axisymmetric fingers, actuated with a single actuator. Each finger has a modular under-actuated closed-chain structure. The finger structure is compliant in contact normal direction, with stiff crossbeams reorienting to help the finger structure conform around objects. Design/methodology/approach Starting with the design and development of the proposed gripper, a consequent mathematical representation consisting of closed-chain forward and inverse kinematics is detailed. The proposed mathematical framework is validated through the finite element modeling simulations. Additionally, a set of experiments was conducted to compare the simulated and prototype finger trajectories, as well as to assess qualitative grasping ability. Findings Key Findings are the presented mathematical model for closed-loop chain mechanisms, as well as design and optimization guidelines to develop controlled closed-chain grippers. Research limitations/implications The proposed methodology and mathematical model could be taken as a fundamental modular base block to explore similar distributed degrees of freedom (DOF) closed-chain manipulators and grippers. The enhanced kinematic model contributes to optimized dynamics and control of soft closed-chain grasping mechanisms. Practical implications The approach is aimed to improve the development of soft grippers that are required to grasp complex objects found in human–robot cooperation and collaborative robot (cobot) applications. Originality/value The proposed closed-chain mathematical framework is based on distributed DOFs instead of the conventional lumped joint approach. This is to better optimize and understand the kinematics of soft robotic mechanisms.

OPEN ONLINE COURSES: A PROMISING DIRECTION OF THE MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Х-М.И. Гайсумов ◽  
Э.Д. Алисултанова
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The World ◽  
In The Beginning

Открытые онлайн-курсы сегодня самая обсуждаемая тема в рамках образования в сегменте Интернет пространства. Сегодня развитие образования важная задача всех ведущих учебных образовательных учреждений мира, проводятся обширные исследования по способствованию развития данного направления. Много практических эмпирических исследований проводятся, как очном формате, так и заочном формате. Открытые онлайн-курсы пришли на обновление открытых образовательных ресурсов, которые начали появляться в сети Интернет с начала 2000-х годов, и вначале были уделом ведущих вузов разных стран мира. Open online courses today are the most discussed topic in the framework of education in the segment of the Internet space. Today, the development of education is an important task of all the leading educational institutions of the world, extensive research is being conducted to promote the development of this direction. Many practical empirical studies are conducted, both in person and in absentia. Open online courses came to update the open educational resources that began to appear on the Internet since the early 2000s, and in the beginning was the lot of leading universities around the world.

CONTEXTUALITY, INCOMPATIBILITY AND BIASED INFERENCE IN A QUANTUM-LIKE FORMULATION OF COMPUTATIONAL TRUST

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEHRDAD ASHTIANI ◽  
MOHAMMAD ABDOLLAHI AZGOMI
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Inference Mechanism ◽  
Computational Trust ◽  
Quantum Probabilities ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Transitivity Property ◽  
Trust Models

Trust models play an important role in computational environments. One of the main aims of the work undertaken in this domain is to provide a model that can better describe the socio-technical nature of computational trust. It has been recently shown that quantum-like formulations in the field of human decision making can better explain the underlying nature of these types of processes. Based on this research, the aim of this paper is to propose a novel model of trust based on quantum probabilities as the underlying mathematics of quantum theory. It will be shown that by using this new mathematical framework, we will have a powerful mechanism to model the contextuality property of trust. Also, it is hypothesized that many events or evaluations in the context of trust can be and should be considered as incompatible, which is unique to the noncommutative structure of quantum probabilities. The main contribution of this paper will be that, by using the quantum Bayesian inference mechanism for belief updating in the framework of quantum theory, we propose a biased trust inference mechanism. This mechanism allows us to model the negative and positive biases that a trustor may subjectively feel toward a certain trustee candidate. It is shown that by using this bias, we can model and describe the exploration versus exploitation problem in the context of trust decision making, recency effects for recently good or bad transactions, filtering pessimistic and optimistic recommendations that may result in good-mouthing or bad-mouthing attacks, the attitude of the trustor toward risk and uncertainty in different situations and the pseudo-transitivity property of trust. Finally, we have conducted several experimental evaluations in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in different scenarios.

Dutch Euthanasia: Background, Practice, and Present Justifications

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Kimsma ◽  
E. Van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
General Will ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Moral Debate ◽  
Attorneys General ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Final Settlement

Dutch developments on euthanasia have drawn much attention over the years. Defenders and opponents have been telling very different stories about the practice of euthanasia and the frequency of cases, and the Dutch government has been struggling with the legal and moral problems involved. Concern about the procedures followed by physicians as well as questions on the “real” figures led the government to decide to organize an epidemiological study on the extent and the decision making. The results of the study were published in November 1991 (The End of Life in Medical Practice, 1991). Interpretation of the data may lead to a final settlement of the debate on euthanasia and has inevitably led to a revival of the moral debate of the 1970s. For the moment it has been decided that euthanasia will remain officially illegal under the Penal Code. However, in cases where euthanasia does occur, Attorneys General will continue to check the procedures followed by physicians to ensure no abuses have occurred and to safeguard physicians against prosecution. In this contribution, we discuss the development and intertwinement of legal, medical, and moral aspects of euthanasia in The Netherlands and the effects of the empirical studies of 1991, both on definitions and procedures for medical decisions at the end of life(MDEL)

STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UTUAT FACTORS AND INTENTION TOWARDS USAGE E-MANAGEMENT IN LIBYAN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashir Abuzwida ◽  
Zulkiplie Abd Ghani ◽  
Faizal Bin Kasmani
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of study:The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) factors and intention towards usage of e-management in Libyan petroleum industry.Methodology:Aseries of appropriate literature is explored and a conceptual model is suggested and deliberated. A review of existing literature recommendsnumerousaspectsaffects behavioral intention of the users.Main findings: This model is set to help the managers and decision makers to understand the importance of e-management.Implications of study:Exploring the theoretical and empirical studies, thefuture study would be valuable and necessary to examine the relationship between expectancy and the overall job acceptance level of e-management including the mediating effect of perceived information quality.Originality/Novelty of study:The proposed conceptual model is both novel and different that is positivelycontributed towards the improvement of the related literature. 

Alternative Preferences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry E. Back
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
Ambiguity Aversion ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Knightian Uncertainty ◽  
Stochastic Discount Factor ◽  
Ellsberg Paradox ◽  
First Order ◽  
Weighted Utility ◽  
Disappointment Aversion ◽  
Rank Dependent Utility

The Allais and Ellsberg paradoxes are presented. Various generalizations of expected utility motivated by these and other paradoxes are discussed, including betweenness preferences, rank‐dependent preferences, multiple prior max‐min preferences, and prospect theory. For betweenness preferences, which include weighted utility and disappointment aversion, an investor’s marginal utility is proportional to a stochastic discount factor. Disappointment averse utility and rank‐dependent utility have first‐order risk aversion. Multiple prior max‐min utility is one way to accomodate the Ellsberg paradox (ambiguity aversion or Knightian uncertainty). The dynamic consistency of updating multiple priors is discussed.

Probability in Hilbert Space

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-167
Author(s):  
Jochen Rau
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Linear Algebra ◽  
Classical Limit ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Complex Hilbert Space ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Two Level Systems

This chapter introduces the mathematical framework, basic rules, and some key results of quantum theory. After a succinct overview of linear algebra and an introduction to complex Hilbert space, it investigates the correspondence between subspaces of Hilbert space and propositions, their logical structure, and how the pertinent probabilities are calculated. It discusses the mathematical representation of states, observables, and transformations, as well as the rules for calculating expectation values and uncertainties, and for updating states after a measurement. Particular attention is paid to two-level systems, or ‘qubits’, and the connection is made with experimental evidence about binary measurements. The properties of composite systems are discussed in detail, notably the phenomenon of entanglement. The chapter concludes with an investigation of conceptual issues regarding realism, non-contextuality, and locality, as well as the classical limit.

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