Social hierarchy and resting metabolic rate in the dwarf cichlid Apistogramma agassizii: the role of habitat enrichment

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 789 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiani Kochhann ◽  
Adalberto Luis Val
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Habitat Enrichment

Role of insulin in thermogenic responses to refeeding in 3-day-fasted rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. E160-E165 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Rothwell ◽  
M. E. Saville ◽  
M. J. Stock
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Thermogenic Response

Refeeding 3-day-fasted rats with 40 kJ carbohydrate (CHO; corn flour) or protein (gelatin) caused a rise in plasma insulin levels 3 h later, but refeeding fat or injection of norepinephrine (400 micrograms/kg) had no effect. Injection of insulin (0.25 U) caused a 15% rise in metabolic rate 24 h later in fasted rats that could be inhibited by treatment with propranolol. Refeeding rats with a single CHO meal produced an increase in oxygen consumption (15%) 24 h later that was inhibited by injection of diazoxide or 2-deoxy-D-glucose given at the time of the meal. The thermogenic response to insulin injection was unaffected by treatment with diazoxide or 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Genetically obese Zucker rats failed to increase metabolic rate after insulin or CHO. In normally fed lean rats, maintained on a stock diet or a palatable cafeteria diet, insulin (4 U) enhanced the thermogenic response to norepinephrine and stimulated resting metabolic rate (16%) in the cafeteria-fed rats. These data suggest that insulin is involved in the thermogenic responses to food and catecholamines.

scholarly journals Role of resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure in hunger and appetite control: a new formulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Blundell ◽  
P. Caudwell ◽  
C. Gibbons ◽  
M. Hopkins ◽  
E. Naslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
New Formulation

scholarly journals Is repeatability of metabolic rate influenced by social separation? A test with a teleost fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190825
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Shijian Fu ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Jigang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Social Separation ◽  
Individual Repeatability

Metabolic rates are typically thought to have important influences on fitness and more broadly be relevant to the ecology and evolution of animals. Previous studies demonstrate that metabolic rates are repeatable to a certain extent under constant conditions, but how social conditions influence the repeatability of metabolic rate remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the repeatability of resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the highly social crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ) after being socially separated for different time periods relative to control fish that were not socially separated. We found that RMR was repeatable in fish in the control group, while the repeatability of RMR disappeared quickly (even within 7 days) when fish were exposed to social separation. This study is the first to our knowledge to examine the role of social separation for different time periods on the repeatability of intra-individual physiological variation in fish. We highlight that the inter-individual repeatability of metabolic rate can be substantial over time but was eliminated by social separation. The findings indicate that the repeatability of metabolic rate in fish is condition dependent, and that the change in repeatability of metabolic rate should not be overlooked when considering the ecological and evolutionary effects of environmental change.

scholarly journals The role of amino acid oxidation in causing ‘specific dynamic action’ in man

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Garrow ◽  
Susan F. Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Dynamic Action ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Amino Acid Degradation

1. The increase in metabolic rate which occurs after ingestion of protein (the so-called ‘specific dynamic action’) has been attributed to the energy requirements for urea synthesis and amino acid degradation.2. We have tested, in normal adult subjects, the effect of meals which increase or decrease the rate of urea production, and our results do not substantiate this hypothesis.3. The difficulties of accurate measurement of resting metabolic rate are discussed.4. The term ‘specific dynamic action’ is inappropriate since the effect is not specific. We believe that it may prove to be a reflection of protein synthesis rather than of protein catabolism.

Abstract 176: Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the SFO in Fluid Balance and Metabolic Effects of Brain Renin-Angiotensin System Activation

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusakazu Jo ◽  
Hiromi Jo ◽  
Aline M Hilzendeger ◽  
Martin D Cassell ◽  
D. T Rutkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Chemical Chaperone ◽  
The Brain

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have been identified as important contributors to neurological diseases and have been implicated in mediating hypothalamic inflammation and the hypertensive response to angiotensin II. We examined the role of ER stress and the UPR in the metabolic and fluid balance effects of brain angiotensin in two mouse models: 1) “sRA” transgenic mice (expressing human renin in neurons via the synapsin promoter crossed with human angiotensinogen via its own promoter), and 2) DOCA-salt treated C57BL/6J mice. Both DOCA-salt and sRA mice exhibit hyperactivity of the brain RAS, suppression of circulating RAS, hypertension, polydipsia, and an elevated resting metabolic rate. We examined the accumulation of UPR biomarker CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) by immunocytochemistry in the brain of both models. CHOP is considered a marker of chronic ER stress. Increased CHOP immunoreactivity was evident in the subfornical organ (SFO) of sRA mice but was absent in non-transgenic (NT) and CHOP-/- mice. There was also increased CHOP immunoreactivity in the SFO of DOCA-salt mice compared with untreated controls. Next, we infused the ER stress-reducing chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, 5.28 ug/day, or aCSF vehicle) to assess if ER stress is mechanistically related to the hypertension, polydipsia, and elevated resting metabolic rate observed in both models. ICV TUDCA (3-5 day pretreatment then continuously for 3 wks) significantly attenuated the polydipsia (aCSF 20.7±0.9 vs TUDCA 10.8±1.0 mL/day, P<0.05) and metabolic rate (aCSF, 3.38±0.07 vs TUDCA 3.16±0.06 mL O2/100g/min, P<0.05) in the DOCA-salt model. ICV TUDCA (3 wks) had similar effects on the polydipsia in the sRA model (51±10% of aCSF control, P<0.05). DOCA-salt caused (P<0.05) increases in 24 hr mean arterial pressure (MAP) that were unaffected by ICV TUDCA (aCSF baseline 114±3 to 128±4 mmHg with DOCA-salt; TUDCA 117±7 to 129±4). Heart rate responses to DOCA-salt were attenuated (P<0.05) with ICV TUDCA (aCSF baseline 528±10 to 448±15 BPM with DOCA-salt; TUDCA 529±6 to 486±11). Together these data mechanistically implicate ER stress in the fluid and metabolic responses to increased brain RAS activity.

The Mechanisms and Energetics of Honeybee Swarm Temperature Regulation

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55
Author(s):  
BERND HEINRICH
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Lower Temperature

1. Free (active) honeybee swarms regulated their core temperature (Tc) generally within 1 °C of 35 °C. They maintained the same temperature around freshly built honeycomb, and in the brood nest of the hive, from ambient temperatures of between at least 1 and 25 °C. Captive (inactive) swarms in the laboratory often allowed Tc to decline below 35 °C. 2. The temperature of the swarm mantle (Tm) varied with the general activity of the swarm as well as with ambient temperature (TA), but in captive swarms (and sometimes at night in free swarms), Tm was generally held above 17 °C, even at TA &lt; 5 °C. 3. Within the swarm, temperatures varied between 36 °C, an upper temperature set-point, and 17 °C, a lower temperature set-point. 4. Before swarm take-off, all temperature gradients in the swarm were abolished and Tm equalled Tc. 5. The regulated Tc and Tm were unrelated to size and passive cooling rates in swarms ranging from 1000 to 30000 bees. 6. The weight-specific metabolic rate of swarms was correlated with TA and Tc, but relatively little affected by swarm size. 7. Bees on the mantle experiencing low temperatures pushed inward, thus contracting the mantle, diminishing the mantle porosity, and filling interior passageways. As a result, their own rate of heat loss, as well as that from the swarm core, decreased. 8. In large tightly clumped swarms, even at TA &lt; 5 °C, the resting metabolic rate of the bees in the swarm core was more than sufficient to maintain Tc at 35 °C or above. The active thermoregulatory metabolism was due to the bees on the swarm mantle. 9. There was little physical exchange of bees between core and mantle at low (&lt; 5 °C) TA. In addition, there was no apparent chemical or acoustic communication between the bees in the swarm mantle that are subjected to the changes of the thermal environments and the bees in the swarm interior that constantly experience 35 °C regardless of TA. 10. The data are summarized in a model of Tc control indicating a primary role of the mantle bees in controlling heat production and heat loss. 11. The possible ecological significance of swarm temperature regulation is discussed.

Indirect calorimetry measurements of behavioral thermoregulation in a semiaquatic social rodent, Myocastor coypus

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Moinard ◽  
C. Patrick Doncaster ◽  
Hervé Barré
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Males And Females

The role of behavior is quantified in the maintenance of thermic homeostasis by a semiaquatic rodent, the coypu (Myocastor coypus). Indirect calorimetry measurements showed that huddling behavior is responsible for a 20% drop in resting metabolic rate at temperatures below the thermoneutral zone. Different associations of males and females in groups of two and three resulted in significant differences in decreases of resting metabolic rate. In a cold environment (Ta = −5 °C), males used a ball-like posture significantly more often than females. When presented with a choice of substrates (air versus water) at different temperatures, females tended to reduce their time spent in cold water but males did not, despite a greater loss of energy in water compared with air. These results appear to express a conflict between social and thermoregulatory behaviors, contributing to male-biased mortality in winter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document